Optical Systems: Pinhole Camera Pinhole camera: simple hole in a box: Called Camera Obscura Aristotle discussed, Al-Hazen analyzed in Book of Optics
|
|
- Rose Hoover
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Optical Systems: Pinhole Camera Pinhole camera: simple hole in a box: Called Camera Obscura Aristotle discussed, Al-Hazen analyzed in Book of Optics 1011CE Restricts rays: acts as a single lens: inverts images Best about mm hole at 25 cm distance Diffraction from pinole edges blurs image below that Advantages: simple, always in focus Disadvantages: very low f# ~500 so slow exposure
2 Classical Compound Microscope 2 lens optical systems were the first: microscope & telescope ~1590 eyeglass maker Janssen assembly 2 lenses into telescope 1667 Robert Hook uses first microscope to image material Classical system has short f o objective lens object focused near the focal length Objective creates image at distance g from f o & magnifies image Tube length g is distance from f o to where eyepiece is focused Objective working distance typically small (20-1 mm) Eyepiece is simple magnifier of that image at g Magnification of Objective g mo fo where g = Optical tube length f o = objective focal length Eyepiece magnification is (f e in cm) 25 me fe Net Microscope Magnification g25 M mome f f o e First Telescope
3 Classic Microscope To change magnification change objective or eyepiece f s Typical max is eyepiece 10x to 20x and objective 100x Total optical magnification ~ 1000
4 Infinite Corrected Microscopes Classical Compound Microscope has limited tube length New microscope "Infinite Corrected" Objective lens creates parallel image Tube lens creates converging image Magnification now not dependent on distance to tube lens: thus can make any distance between objective/eyepiece Good for putting optics in microscope Laser beam focused at microscope focus
5 Telescope Increases magnification by increasing angular size Eyepiece magnifies angle from objective lens Earliest used convex objective and concave eyepiece 1609 Galileo makes this telescope into useful distance imager Simplest "Astronomical Telescope" or Kepler Telescope two convex lenses focused at the same point Distance between lenses: d f o f e Magnification is again m e o f f o e
6 Different Types of Refracting Telescopes Refracting earliest telescopes comes from lens Keplerean Telescope: 2 positive lenses Problem: inverts the image Galilean: concave lens at focus of convex d f o f e Eyepiece now negative f e Advantage: non-inverting images but harder to make Erecting: Kepler with lens to create inversion
7 Reflecting Telescopes Much easier to make big mirrors then lenses Invented by James Gregory (Scotland) in 1661 Many designs: Hale (on axis observer) & Herschel (off axis) first Newtonian: flat secondary mirror reflects to side: first practical Gregorian adds concave ellipsoid reflector through back Cassegrainian uses hyperboloid convex through back Newtonian & Cassagranian most common Practical max mag 24D objective (dia in cm) or 60D objective (inches)
8 Telescopes as Beam Expanders With lasers telescopes used as beam expanders Parallel light in, parallel light out Ratio of incoming beam width W 1 to output beam W 2 W 2 2 W1 1 f f
9 Telescopes as Beam Expanders Can be used either to expand or shrink beam Kepler type focuses beam within telescope: Advantages: can filter beam Disadvantages: high power point in system Galilean: no focus of beam in lens Advantages: no high power focused beam more compact less corrections in lenses Disadvantages: Diverging lens setup harder to arrange
10 Aberrations in Lens & Mirrors (Hecht 6.3) Aberrations are failures to focus to a "point" Both mirrors and lens suffer from these Some are failures of paraxial assumption 3 5 sin( ) 3! 5! Paraxial assumption: uses only the first term Recall that errors strongly occurs for angles >5 o Error results in focused points having halos around them For a image all these rings add up to make the image fuzzy
11 Spherical Aberrations from Paraxial Assumption Formalism developed by Seidel: terms of the sin expansion!! ) sin( Gaussian Lens formula r n n s n s n Now Consider adding the 3 to the lens calculations Then the formula becomes s r s n r s s n h r n n s n s n Higher order terms add more Now light focus point depends on h (distance from optic axis)
12 Types of Spherical Aberration Formalism developed by Seidel: terms of the sin expansion First aberrations from not adding the 3 to the lens calculations Longitudinal Spherical Aberration along axis Transverse Spherical Aberration across axis These create a circle of least confusion at focus Area over which different parts of image come into focus Lenses also have aberrations due to index of refraction issues
13 Mirrors and Spherical Aberrations For mirrors the shape of the mirror controls the aberrations Reason reflectors generally no have wavelength effects Corrected by changing the mirror to parabola If y is optical axis and x, y 0 starts at vertex then 4 Where f = focal length Mirrors usually have short f compared to radius f4-f10 Hence almost all mirror systems use parabolic mirrors
14 Hubble Telescope Example of Design Error Hubble mirror was not ground to proper parabola too flat Not found until it was in orbit Images were terribly out of focus But they knew exactly what the errors Space walk added a lens (called costar) to correct this
15 Spherical Aberration: Off axis rays Off axis rays are not focused at the same plane as the on axis rays Called "skew rays" Principal ray, from object through optical axis to focused object Tangental rays (horizontal) focused closer Sagittal rays (vertical) further away Corrected using multiple surfaces Problem is worse furthest from optical axis (low F# systems) Eyes have curved retina so do not have this problem Researchers building sensors with curved surfaces now
16 Coma Aberration Comes from third order sin correction Off axis distortion Results in different magnifications at different points Single point becomes a comet like flare Coma increase with NA Corrected with multiple surfaces
17 Field Curvature Aberration All lenses focus better on curved surfaces Called Field Curvature Positive lens, inward curves Negative lens, outward (convex) curves Reduced by combining positive & negative lenses
18 Distortion Aberration Distortion means image not at par-axial points Grid used as common means of projected image Pincushion: pulled to corners Barrel: Pulled to sides
19 Lens Shape Different lens shapes is the amount of aberration Coddington Shape Factor measures shape q r r 2 2 r1 r Plano convex has q of +1 if curve to object, -1 if flat to object Biconvex has q = 0 Chart shows how aberrations change with shape The higher the n of the lens the smaller the spherical aberration 1
20 Index of Refraction & Wavelength: Chromatic Aberration Different wavelengths have different index of refraction Often list wavelength by spectral colour lines (letters) Index change is what makes prism colour spread Typical changes 1-2% over visible range Generally higher index at shorter wavelengths
21 Chromatic Aberration Chromatic Aberrations different wavelength focus to different points Due to index of refraction change with wavelength Hence each wavelength focuses rays at different points Generally blue closer (higher n) Red further away (lower index) Important for multiline lasers Achromatic lenses: combine different n materials whose index changes at different rates Compensate each other
22 Lateral Colour Aberration Blue rays refracted more typically than red Blue image focused at different height than red image Results in colour blur around objects at outer edge of lens
23 Singlet vs Achromat Lens Combining two lens significantly reduces distortion Each lens has different glass index of refraction Also change of n with wavelength different Positive crown glass (n~1.52) Negative meniscus flint glass (n~1.6) Give chromatic correction as well
24 Combined lens: Unit Conjugation Biconvex most distortion Two planocovex significant improvement Two Achromats reversed best This is why high quality lenses are so expensive
25 Materials for Lasers Lenses/Windows Standard visible BK 7 Boro Silicate glass, pyrex For UV want quartz, Lithium Fluroide For IR different Silicon, Germanium CaF2 (Calcium Fluoride), BaF2 (Barium Fluoride), LiF (Lithium Fluoride), Si (Silicon), Ge (Germanium), Optical Glass, Fused Silica UV,
Waves & Oscillations
Physics 42200 Waves & Oscillations Lecture 33 Geometric Optics Spring 2013 Semester Matthew Jones Aberrations We have continued to make approximations: Paraxial rays Spherical lenses Index of refraction
More informationPerformance Factors. Technical Assistance. Fundamental Optics
Performance Factors After paraxial formulas have been used to select values for component focal length(s) and diameter(s), the final step is to select actual lenses. As in any engineering problem, this
More informationApplied Optics. , Physics Department (Room #36-401) , ,
Applied Optics Professor, Physics Department (Room #36-401) 2290-0923, 019-539-0923, shsong@hanyang.ac.kr Office Hours Mondays 15:00-16:30, Wednesdays 15:00-16:30 TA (Ph.D. student, Room #36-415) 2290-0921,
More informationAstronomy 80 B: Light. Lecture 9: curved mirrors, lenses, aberrations 29 April 2003 Jerry Nelson
Astronomy 80 B: Light Lecture 9: curved mirrors, lenses, aberrations 29 April 2003 Jerry Nelson Sensitive Countries LLNL field trip 2003 April 29 80B-Light 2 Topics for Today Optical illusion Reflections
More informationLecture 2: Geometrical Optics. Geometrical Approximation. Lenses. Mirrors. Optical Systems. Images and Pupils. Aberrations.
Lecture 2: Geometrical Optics Outline 1 Geometrical Approximation 2 Lenses 3 Mirrors 4 Optical Systems 5 Images and Pupils 6 Aberrations Christoph U. Keller, Leiden Observatory, keller@strw.leidenuniv.nl
More informationLecture 2: Geometrical Optics. Geometrical Approximation. Lenses. Mirrors. Optical Systems. Images and Pupils. Aberrations.
Lecture 2: Geometrical Optics Outline 1 Geometrical Approximation 2 Lenses 3 Mirrors 4 Optical Systems 5 Images and Pupils 6 Aberrations Christoph U. Keller, Leiden Observatory, keller@strw.leidenuniv.nl
More informationAverage: Standard Deviation: Max: 99 Min: 40
1 st Midterm Exam Average: 83.1 Standard Deviation: 12.0 Max: 99 Min: 40 Please contact me to fix an appointment, if you took less than 65. Chapter 33 Lenses and Op/cal Instruments Units of Chapter 33
More informationChapter 25 Optical Instruments
Chapter 25 Optical Instruments Units of Chapter 25 Cameras, Film, and Digital The Human Eye; Corrective Lenses Magnifying Glass Telescopes Compound Microscope Aberrations of Lenses and Mirrors Limits of
More informationWaves & Oscillations
Physics 42200 Waves & Oscillations Lecture 27 Geometric Optics Spring 205 Semester Matthew Jones Sign Conventions > + = Convex surface: is positive for objects on the incident-light side is positive for
More informationGeometrical Optics Optical systems
Phys 322 Lecture 16 Chapter 5 Geometrical Optics Optical systems Magnifying glass Purpose: enlarge a nearby object by increasing its image size on retina Requirements: Image should not be inverted Image
More informationReading: Lenses and Mirrors; Applications Key concepts: Focal points and lengths; real images; virtual images; magnification; angular magnification.
Reading: Lenses and Mirrors; Applications Key concepts: Focal points and lengths; real images; virtual images; magnification; angular magnification. 1.! Questions about objects and images. Can a virtual
More informationOptics Practice. Version #: 0. Name: Date: 07/01/2010
Optics Practice Date: 07/01/2010 Version #: 0 Name: 1. Which of the following diagrams show a real image? a) b) c) d) e) i, ii, iii, and iv i and ii i and iv ii and iv ii, iii and iv 2. A real image is
More informationConverging and Diverging Surfaces. Lenses. Converging Surface
Lenses Sandy Skoglund 2 Converging and Diverging s AIR Converging If the surface is convex, it is a converging surface in the sense that the parallel rays bend toward each other after passing through the
More informationPHYSICS FOR THE IB DIPLOMA CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Option C Imaging C Introduction to imaging Learning objectives In this section we discuss the formation of images by lenses and mirrors. We will learn how to construct images graphically as well as algebraically.
More informationECEG105/ECEU646 Optics for Engineers Course Notes Part 4: Apertures, Aberrations Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University Fall 2008
ECEG105/ECEU646 Optics for Engineers Course Notes Part 4: Apertures, Aberrations Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University Fall 2008 July 2003+ Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 11270-04-1
More informationLecture 3: Geometrical Optics 1. Spherical Waves. From Waves to Rays. Lenses. Chromatic Aberrations. Mirrors. Outline
Lecture 3: Geometrical Optics 1 Outline 1 Spherical Waves 2 From Waves to Rays 3 Lenses 4 Chromatic Aberrations 5 Mirrors Christoph U. Keller, Leiden Observatory, keller@strw.leidenuniv.nl Lecture 3: Geometrical
More informationLenses Design Basics. Introduction. RONAR-SMITH Laser Optics. Optics for Medical. System. Laser. Semiconductor Spectroscopy.
Introduction Optics Application Lenses Design Basics a) Convex lenses Convex lenses are optical imaging components with positive focus length. After going through the convex lens, parallel beam of light
More informationGeometric optics & aberrations
Geometric optics & aberrations Department of Astrophysical Sciences University AST 542 http://www.northerneye.co.uk/ Outline Introduction: Optics in astronomy Basics of geometric optics Paraxial approximation
More informationLecture Outline Chapter 27. Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Outline Chapter 27 Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker Chapter 27 Optical Instruments Units of Chapter 27 The Human Eye and the Camera Lenses in Combination and Corrective Optics The Magnifying
More information25 cm. 60 cm. 50 cm. 40 cm.
Geometrical Optics 7. The image formed by a plane mirror is: (a) Real. (b) Virtual. (c) Erect and of equal size. (d) Laterally inverted. (e) B, c, and d. (f) A, b and c. 8. A real image is that: (a) Which
More informationIntroduction. Geometrical Optics. Milton Katz State University of New York. VfeWorld Scientific New Jersey London Sine Singapore Hong Kong
Introduction to Geometrical Optics Milton Katz State University of New York VfeWorld Scientific «New Jersey London Sine Singapore Hong Kong TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii xiv CHAPTER 1:
More informationLecture 4: Geometrical Optics 2. Optical Systems. Images and Pupils. Rays. Wavefronts. Aberrations. Outline
Lecture 4: Geometrical Optics 2 Outline 1 Optical Systems 2 Images and Pupils 3 Rays 4 Wavefronts 5 Aberrations Christoph U. Keller, Leiden University, keller@strw.leidenuniv.nl Lecture 4: Geometrical
More informationMirrors and Lenses. Images can be formed by reflection from mirrors. Images can be formed by refraction through lenses.
Mirrors and Lenses Images can be formed by reflection from mirrors. Images can be formed by refraction through lenses. Notation for Mirrors and Lenses The object distance is the distance from the object
More informationChapter 36. Image Formation
Chapter 36 Image Formation Image of Formation Images can result when light rays encounter flat or curved surfaces between two media. Images can be formed either by reflection or refraction due to these
More informationINDEX OF REFRACTION index of refraction n = c/v material index of refraction n
INDEX OF REFRACTION The index of refraction (n) of a material is the ratio of the speed of light in vacuuo (c) to the speed of light in the material (v). n = c/v Indices of refraction for any materials
More informationChapter 36. Image Formation
Chapter 36 Image Formation Notation for Mirrors and Lenses The object distance is the distance from the object to the mirror or lens Denoted by p The image distance is the distance from the image to the
More informationFinal Reg Optics Review SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Final Reg Optics Review 1) How far are you from your image when you stand 0.75 m in front of a vertical plane mirror? 1) 2) A object is 12 cm in front of a concave mirror, and the image is 3.0 cm in front
More informationLaboratory 7: Properties of Lenses and Mirrors
Laboratory 7: Properties of Lenses and Mirrors Converging and Diverging Lens Focal Lengths: A converging lens is thicker at the center than at the periphery and light from an object at infinity passes
More informationCH. 23 Mirrors and Lenses HW# 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 21, 25, 31, 33, 35
CH. 23 Mirrors and Lenses HW# 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 21, 25, 31, 33, 35 Mirrors Rays of light reflect off of mirrors, and where the reflected rays either intersect or appear to originate from, will be the location
More informationImage Formation. Light from distant things. Geometrical optics. Pinhole camera. Chapter 36
Light from distant things Chapter 36 We learn about a distant thing from the light it generates or redirects. The lenses in our eyes create images of objects our brains can process. This chapter concerns
More informationThere is a range of distances over which objects will be in focus; this is called the depth of field of the lens. Objects closer or farther are
Chapter 25 Optical Instruments Some Topics in Chapter 25 Cameras The Human Eye; Corrective Lenses Magnifying Glass Telescopes Compound Microscope Aberrations of Lenses and Mirrors Limits of Resolution
More informationApplications of Optics
Nicholas J. Giordano www.cengage.com/physics/giordano Chapter 26 Applications of Optics Marilyn Akins, PhD Broome Community College Applications of Optics Many devices are based on the principles of optics
More informationOptical System Design
Phys 531 Lecture 12 14 October 2004 Optical System Design Last time: Surveyed examples of optical systems Today, discuss system design Lens design = course of its own (not taught by me!) Try to give some
More informationMagnification, stops, mirrors More geometric optics
Magnification, stops, mirrors More geometric optics D. Craig 2005-02-25 Transverse magnification Refer to figure 5.22. By convention, distances above the optical axis are taken positive, those below, negative.
More informationOptical Components for Laser Applications. Günter Toesko - Laserseminar BLZ im Dezember
Günter Toesko - Laserseminar BLZ im Dezember 2009 1 Aberrations An optical aberration is a distortion in the image formed by an optical system compared to the original. It can arise for a number of reasons
More informationChapter 23. Light Geometric Optics
Chapter 23. Light Geometric Optics There are 3 basic ways to gather light and focus it to make an image. Pinhole - Simple geometry Mirror - Reflection Lens - Refraction Pinhole Camera Image Formation (the
More informationTest Review # 8. Physics R: Form TR8.17A. Primary colors of light
Physics R: Form TR8.17A TEST 8 REVIEW Name Date Period Test Review # 8 Light and Color. Color comes from light, an electromagnetic wave that travels in straight lines in all directions from a light source
More informationCh 24. Geometric Optics
text concept Ch 24. Geometric Optics Fig. 24 3 A point source of light P and its image P, in a plane mirror. Angle of incidence =angle of reflection. text. Fig. 24 4 The blue dashed line through object
More informationChapter 2 - Geometric Optics
David J. Starling Penn State Hazleton PHYS 214 The human eye is a visual system that collects light and forms an image on the retina. The human eye is a visual system that collects light and forms an image
More informationOPTICAL SYSTEMS OBJECTIVES
101 L7 OPTICAL SYSTEMS OBJECTIVES Aims Your aim here should be to acquire a working knowledge of the basic components of optical systems and understand their purpose, function and limitations in terms
More informationUnit 2: Optics Part 2
Unit 2: Optics Part 2 Refraction of Visible Light 1. Bent-stick effect: When light passes from one medium to another (for example, when a beam of light passes through air and into water, or vice versa),
More informationCOURSE NAME: PHOTOGRAPHY AND AUDIO VISUAL PRODUCTION (VOCATIONAL) FOR UNDER GRADUATE (FIRST YEAR)
COURSE NAME: PHOTOGRAPHY AND AUDIO VISUAL PRODUCTION (VOCATIONAL) FOR UNDER GRADUATE (FIRST YEAR) PAPER TITLE: BASIC PHOTOGRAPHIC UNIT - 3 : SIMPLE LENS TOPIC: LENS PROPERTIES AND DEFECTS OBJECTIVES By
More informationChapter 23. Mirrors and Lenses
Chapter 23 Mirrors and Lenses Mirrors and Lenses The development of mirrors and lenses aided the progress of science. It led to the microscopes and telescopes. Allowed the study of objects from microbes
More informationChapter 34 Geometric Optics
Chapter 34 Geometric Optics Lecture by Dr. Hebin Li Goals of Chapter 34 To see how plane and curved mirrors form images To learn how lenses form images To understand how a simple image system works Reflection
More informationOption G 2: Lenses. The diagram below shows the image of a square grid as produced by a lens that does not cause spherical aberration.
Name: Date: Option G 2: Lenses 1. This question is about spherical aberration. The diagram below shows the image of a square grid as produced by a lens that does not cause spherical aberration. In the
More informationAberrations of a lens
Aberrations of a lens 1. What are aberrations? A lens made of a uniform glass with spherical surfaces cannot form perfect images. Spherical aberration is a prominent image defect for a point source on
More informationINTRODUCTION THIN LENSES. Introduction. given by the paraxial refraction equation derived last lecture: Thin lenses (19.1) = 1. Double-lens systems
Chapter 9 OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS Introduction Thin lenses Double-lens systems Aberrations Camera Human eye Compound microscope Summary INTRODUCTION Knowledge of geometrical optics, diffraction and interference,
More informationChapter 34: Geometric Optics
Chapter 34: Geometric Optics It is all about images How we can make different kinds of images using optical devices Optical device example: mirror, a piece of glass, telescope, microscope, kaleidoscope,
More informationChapter 34 Geometric Optics (also known as Ray Optics) by C.-R. Hu
Chapter 34 Geometric Optics (also known as Ray Optics) by C.-R. Hu 1. Principles of image formation by mirrors (1a) When all length scales of objects, gaps, and holes are much larger than the wavelength
More informationLecture PowerPoint. Chapter 25 Physics: Principles with Applications, 6 th edition Giancoli
Lecture PowerPoint Chapter 25 Physics: Principles with Applications, 6 th edition Giancoli 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the
More informationLecture 17. Image formation Ray tracing Calculation. Lenses Convex Concave. Mirrors Convex Concave. Optical instruments
Lecture 17. Image formation Ray tracing Calculation Lenses Convex Concave Mirrors Convex Concave Optical instruments Image formation Laws of refraction and reflection can be used to explain how lenses
More informationLenses. A transparent object used to change the path of light Examples: Human eye Eye glasses Camera Microscope Telescope
SNC2D Lenses A transparent object used to change the path of light Examples: Human eye Eye glasses Camera Microscope Telescope Reading stones used by monks, nuns, and scholars ~1000 C.E. Lenses THERE ARE
More informationCHAPTER 18 REFRACTION & LENSES
Physics Approximate Timeline Students are expected to keep up with class work when absent. CHAPTER 18 REFRACTION & LENSES Day Plans for the day Assignments for the day 1 18.1 Refraction of Light o Snell
More informationActivity 6.1 Image Formation from Spherical Mirrors
PHY385H1F Introductory Optics Practicals Day 6 Telescopes and Microscopes October 31, 2011 Group Number (number on Intro Optics Kit):. Facilitator Name:. Record-Keeper Name: Time-keeper:. Computer/Wiki-master:..
More informationChapter 23. Mirrors and Lenses
Chapter 23 Mirrors and Lenses Notation for Mirrors and Lenses The object distance is the distance from the object to the mirror or lens Denoted by p The image distance is the distance from the image to
More informationSNC2D PHYSICS 5/25/2013. LIGHT & GEOMETRIC OPTICS L Converging & Diverging Lenses (P ) Curved Lenses. Curved Lenses
SNC2D PHYSICS LIGHT & GEOMETRIC OPTICS L Converging & Diverging Lenses (P.448-450) Curved Lenses We see the world through lenses even if we do not wear glasses or contacts. We all have natural lenses in
More informationChapter 29/30. Wave Fronts and Rays. Refraction of Sound. Dispersion in a Prism. Index of Refraction. Refraction and Lenses
Chapter 29/30 Refraction and Lenses Refraction Refraction the bending of waves as they pass from one medium into another. Caused by a change in the average speed of light. Analogy A car that drives off
More informationChapter 23. Geometrical Optics: Mirrors and Lenses and other Instruments
Chapter 23 Geometrical Optics: Mirrors and Lenses and other Instruments HITT 1 You stand two feet away from a plane mirror. How far is it from you to your image? a. 2.0 ft b. 3.0 ft c. 4.0 ft d. 5.0 ft
More informationNotation for Mirrors and Lenses. Chapter 23. Types of Images for Mirrors and Lenses. More About Images
Notation for Mirrors and Lenses Chapter 23 Mirrors and Lenses Sections: 4, 6 Problems:, 8, 2, 25, 27, 32 The object distance is the distance from the object to the mirror or lens Denoted by p The image
More informationPhysics II. Chapter 23. Spring 2018
Physics II Chapter 23 Spring 2018 IMPORTANT: Except for multiple-choice questions, you will receive no credit if you show only an answer, even if the answer is correct. Always show in the space on your
More information2015 EdExcel A Level Physics EdExcel A Level Physics. Lenses
2015 EdExcel A Level Physics 2015 EdExcel A Level Physics Topic Topic 5 5 Lenses Types of lenses Converging lens bi-convex has two convex surfaces Diverging lens bi-concave has two concave surfaces Thin
More informationBig League Cryogenics and Vacuum The LHC at CERN
Big League Cryogenics and Vacuum The LHC at CERN A typical astronomical instrument must maintain about one cubic meter at a pressure of
More informationmirrors and lenses PHY232 Remco Zegers Room W109 cyclotron building
mirrors and lenses PHY232 Remco Zegers zegers@nscl.msu.edu Room W109 cyclotron building http://www.nscl.msu.edu/~zegers/phy232.html quiz (extra credit) a ray of light moves from air to a material with
More informationReflectors vs. Refractors
1 Telescope Types - Telescopes collect and concentrate light (which can then be magnified, dispersed as a spectrum, etc). - In the end it is the collecting area that counts. - There are two primary telescope
More informationLens Design I. Lecture 3: Properties of optical systems II Herbert Gross. Summer term
Lens Design I Lecture 3: Properties of optical systems II 207-04-20 Herbert Gross Summer term 207 www.iap.uni-jena.de 2 Preliminary Schedule - Lens Design I 207 06.04. Basics 2 3.04. Properties of optical
More informationDepartment of Physics & Astronomy Undergraduate Labs. Thin Lenses
Thin Lenses Reflection and Refraction When light passes from one medium to another, part of the light is reflected and the rest is transmitted. Light rays that are transmitted undergo refraction (bending)
More informationLens Design I. Lecture 3: Properties of optical systems II Herbert Gross. Summer term
Lens Design I Lecture 3: Properties of optical systems II 205-04-8 Herbert Gross Summer term 206 www.iap.uni-jena.de 2 Preliminary Schedule 04.04. Basics 2.04. Properties of optical systrems I 3 8.04.
More informationREFLECTION THROUGH LENS
REFLECTION THROUGH LENS A lens is a piece of transparent optical material with one or two curved surfaces to refract light rays. It may converge or diverge light rays to form an image. Lenses are mostly
More informationRefraction by Spherical Lenses by
Page1 Refraction by Spherical Lenses by www.examfear.com To begin with this topic, let s first know, what is a lens? A lens is a transparent material bound by two surfaces, of which one or both the surfaces
More information30 Lenses. Lenses change the paths of light.
Lenses change the paths of light. A light ray bends as it enters glass and bends again as it leaves. Light passing through glass of a certain shape can form an image that appears larger, smaller, closer,
More informationLenses. A lens is any glass, plastic or transparent refractive medium with two opposite faces, and at least one of the faces must be curved.
PHYSICS NOTES ON A lens is any glass, plastic or transparent refractive medium with two opposite faces, and at least one of the faces must be curved. Types of There are two types of basic lenses. (1.)
More informationTelecentric Imaging Object space telecentricity stop source: edmund optics The 5 classical Seidel Aberrations First order aberrations Spherical Aberration (~r 4 ) Origin: different focal lengths for different
More informationGeometrical Optics. Have you ever entered an unfamiliar room in which one wall was covered with a
Return to Table of Contents HAPTER24 C. Geometrical Optics A mirror now used in the Hubble space telescope Have you ever entered an unfamiliar room in which one wall was covered with a mirror and thought
More informationOPAC 202 Optical Design and Inst.
OPAC 202 Optical Design and Inst. Topic 9 Aberrations Department of http://www.gantep.edu.tr/~bingul/opac202 Optical & Acustical Engineering Gaziantep University Apr 2018 Sayfa 1 Introduction The influences
More informationUniversity of Rochester Department of Physics and Astronomy Physics123, Spring Homework 5 - Solutions
Problem 5. University of Rochester Department of Physics and Astronomy Physics23, Spring 202 Homework 5 - Solutions An optometrist finds that a farsighted person has a near point at 25 cm. a) If the eye
More informationDr. Todd Satogata (ODU/Jefferson Lab) Monday, April
University Physics 227N/232N Mirrors and Lenses Homework Optics 2 due Friday AM Quiz Friday Optional review session next Monday (Apr 28) Bring Homework Notebooks to Final for Grading Dr. Todd Satogata
More informationGEOMETRICAL OPTICS AND OPTICAL DESIGN
GEOMETRICAL OPTICS AND OPTICAL DESIGN Pantazis Mouroulis Associate Professor Center for Imaging Science Rochester Institute of Technology John Macdonald Senior Lecturer Physics Department University of
More informationPhysics Chapter Review Chapter 25- The Eye and Optical Instruments Ethan Blitstein
Physics Chapter Review Chapter 25- The Eye and Optical Instruments Ethan Blitstein The Human Eye As light enters through the human eye it first passes through the cornea (a thin transparent membrane of
More informationPhys 102 Lecture 21 Optical instruments
Phys 102 Lecture 21 Optical instruments 1 Today we will... Learn how combinations of lenses form images Thin lens equation & magnification Learn about the compound microscope Eyepiece & objective Total
More informationGRADE 11-LESSON 2 PHENOMENA RELATED TO OPTICS
REFLECTION OF LIGHT GRADE 11-LESSON 2 PHENOMENA RELATED TO OPTICS 1.i. What is reflection of light?.. ii. What are the laws of reflection? a...... b.... iii. Consider the diagram at the right. Which one
More informationName. Light Chapter Summary Cont d. Refraction
Page 1 of 17 Physics Week 12(Sem. 2) Name Light Chapter Summary Cont d with a smaller index of refraction to a material with a larger index of refraction, the light refracts towards the normal line. Also,
More informationGEOMETRICAL OPTICS Practical 1. Part I. BASIC ELEMENTS AND METHODS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF OPTICAL SYSTEMS
GEOMETRICAL OPTICS Practical 1. Part I. BASIC ELEMENTS AND METHODS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF OPTICAL SYSTEMS Equipment and accessories: an optical bench with a scale, an incandescent lamp, matte, a set of
More informationLaboratory experiment aberrations
Laboratory experiment aberrations Obligatory laboratory experiment on course in Optical design, SK2330/SK3330, KTH. Date Name Pass Objective This laboratory experiment is intended to demonstrate the most
More informationPhysics 11. Unit 8 Geometric Optics Part 2
Physics 11 Unit 8 Geometric Optics Part 2 (c) Refraction (i) Introduction: Snell s law Like water waves, when light is traveling from one medium to another, not only does its wavelength, and in turn the
More informationChapter 18 Optical Elements
Chapter 18 Optical Elements GOALS When you have mastered the content of this chapter, you will be able to achieve the following goals: Definitions Define each of the following terms and use it in an operational
More informationTOPICS Recap of PHYS110-1 lecture Physical Optics - 4 lectures EM spectrum and colour Light sources Interference and diffraction Polarization
TOPICS Recap of PHYS110-1 lecture Physical Optics - 4 lectures EM spectrum and colour Light sources Interference and diffraction Polarization Lens Aberrations - 3 lectures Spherical aberrations Coma, astigmatism,
More informationAST Lab exercise: aberrations
AST2210 - Lab exercise: aberrations 1 Introduction This lab exercise will take you through the most common types of aberrations. 2 Chromatic aberration Chromatic aberration causes lens to have dierent
More informationEE119 Introduction to Optical Engineering Spring 2002 Final Exam. Name:
EE119 Introduction to Optical Engineering Spring 2002 Final Exam Name: SID: CLOSED BOOK. FOUR 8 1/2 X 11 SHEETS OF NOTES, AND SCIENTIFIC POCKET CALCULATOR PERMITTED. TIME ALLOTTED: 180 MINUTES Fundamental
More informationSpherical Mirrors. Concave Mirror, Notation. Spherical Aberration. Image Formed by a Concave Mirror. Image Formed by a Concave Mirror 4/11/2014
Notation for Mirrors and Lenses Chapter 23 Mirrors and Lenses The object distance is the distance from the object to the mirror or lens Denoted by p The image distance is the distance from the image to
More informationChapter 9 - Ray Optics and Optical Instruments. The image distance can be obtained using the mirror formula:
Question 9.1: A small candle, 2.5 cm in size is placed at 27 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 36 cm. At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed in order to obtain
More informationLight sources can be natural or artificial (man-made)
Light The Sun is our major source of light Light sources can be natural or artificial (man-made) People and insects do not see the same type of light - people see visible light - insects see ultraviolet
More informationPHYS 160 Astronomy. When analyzing light s behavior in a mirror or lens, it is helpful to use a technique called ray tracing.
Optics Introduction In this lab, we will be exploring several properties of light including diffraction, reflection, geometric optics, and interference. There are two sections to this lab and they may
More informationLenses. Images. Difference between Real and Virtual Images
Linear Magnification (m) This is the factor by which the size of the object has been magnified by the lens in a direction which is perpendicular to the axis of the lens. Linear magnification can be calculated
More information2. The radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is 20 cm. What is its focal length?
1. Define the principle focus of a concave mirror? The principle focus of a concave mirror is a point on its principle axis to which all the light rays which are parallel and close to the axis, converge
More informationConverging Lenses. Parallel rays are brought to a focus by a converging lens (one that is thicker in the center than it is at the edge).
Chapter 30: Lenses Types of Lenses Piece of glass or transparent material that bends parallel rays of light so they cross and form an image Two types: Converging Diverging Converging Lenses Parallel rays
More informationECEN 4606, UNDERGRADUATE OPTICS LAB
ECEN 4606, UNDERGRADUATE OPTICS LAB Lab 2: Imaging 1 the Telescope Original Version: Prof. McLeod SUMMARY: In this lab you will become familiar with the use of one or more lenses to create images of distant
More informationOpti 415/515. Introduction to Optical Systems. Copyright 2009, William P. Kuhn
Opti 415/515 Introduction to Optical Systems 1 Optical Systems Manipulate light to form an image on a detector. Point source microscope Hubble telescope (NASA) 2 Fundamental System Requirements Application
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) A plane mirror is placed on the level bottom of a swimming pool that holds water (n =
More informationSUBJECT: PHYSICS. Use and Succeed.
SUBJECT: PHYSICS I hope this collection of questions will help to test your preparation level and useful to recall the concepts in different areas of all the chapters. Use and Succeed. Navaneethakrishnan.V
More informationPhy Ph s y 102 Lecture Lectur 21 Optical instruments 1
Phys 102 Lecture 21 Optical instruments 1 Today we will... Learn how combinations of lenses form images Thin lens equation & magnification Learn about the compound microscope Eyepiece & objective Total
More information