Japan Barrier Society

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1 ISO/TC61/SC11/WG3 Pre NWIP Japan Barrier Society

2 Agenda Background - Features and market trend of flexible electronics devices - High-barrier film as substrate of flexible electronics devices Conventional ISO standard of barrier testing method Testing method of high-barrier film Advantage of ISO standardization for high-barrier testing methods Summary 2

3 Flexible electronics devices Portable/ Rollable display OLED display (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) Screen display UDC SUMITOMO OLED Lighting ceiling light New devices with flexible technologies OPV (Organic Photovoltaic cell) Solar panel sheet table light SUMITOMO 3

Features of flexible electronics devices

Roll-to-Roll process - Low shipping cost

electrical coursebooks for children Nikkei

and lighting by portable PV Filsom Future

4 Features of flexible electronics devices Low-price - High productivity by Roll-to-Roll process - Low shipping cost due to light weight $ PC and electrical coursebooks for children Nikkei bp Konarka Portability - Rollable or bendable device - Without electric facilities, operation of portable PC, TV, and lighting by portable PV Filsom Future perfect publishing G24 Innovations Electrical devices for everyone, in everywhere 4

5 Future aspect with flexible devices Renewable Energy Low cost and light weight solar cell Low cost Michel GUNTHER / WWF-Canon Light Thin UNICEF/HQ Chalasani Education Low cost electrical coursebook for every children Low CO 2 emission Light and thin products save transport cost and energy Arne Naevra (Norway) 5

Global market forecast for organic devices Global market sales($million) of organic devices in 2010-2020E - Organic devices: OLED display, OLED lighting, E-paper, and organic solar cell - All organic

6 Global market forecast for organic devices Global market sales($million) of organic devices in E - Organic devices: OLED display, OLED lighting, E-paper, and organic solar cell - All organic devices Flexible type 48 % 8 % 12 % 15 % 20 % 25 % 31 % Source: R&D Association for Future Electron Devices (2006) Full-fledged market expansion of flexible display is predicted after 2015 In 2020, half of all organic devices are going to be flexible devices 6

7 Glass to Plastic Required properties for substrate of electronics device Glass Plastic Flexibility Impact resistance Water-vapour barrier Heat-resistance Dimensional stability Light weight Production cost Thinness - + Plastic substrate requires water-vapour barrier property 7

H 2 O Cathode EL layer Anode (ITO) Plastic film (without barrier layer) H 2 O H 2 O Emission face Life time

8 Why does OLED require high-barrier substrate? Conventional OLED H 2 O Cathode EL layer Anode (ITO) Glass substrate Desiccant Glass lid Sealant Flexible OLED H 2 O Cathode EL layer Anode (ITO) Plastic film (without barrier layer) H 2 O H 2 O Emission face Life time 10,000 h 500 h Deterioration of EL material and electrode (cathode like Ca, Mg, Ba) by reaction with H 2 O Shortage of life time for luminance of OLED Dark-spot on OLED light 8

9 High-barrier film Plastic film High-barrier film H 2 O molecule O 2 molecule Gas Barrier Layers (Nanometer scale ~) ex) AlOx, SiOx 9

10 Requirement of barrier properties Conventional barrier High-barrier Oxygen Transmission Rate / cc-m -2 day -1 -atm OLED OPV asi PV e-paper LCD Packaging Water vapour transmission rate / g-m -2 day -1 High-barrier Target PET Vapour deposited PET Conventional barrier 10

11 Conventional ISO standards ISO Cup method ISO Humidity detection sensor method ISO Infrared detection sensor method ISO Electrolytic detection sensor method ISO Gas-chromatographic detection sensor method 11

12 Current methods for high-barrier measurement WVTR / g-m -2 -day ISO : L (Lyssy /Moisture sensor) ref.1) Target area ISO : PERMATRAN (MOCON/ IR sensor) ref.2) ISO : GTR-1000S (GTR-TECH /Gas Chromatograph ) ref.3) ISO : AQUATRAN (MOCON), MODEL7001 (Illinois) /Coulometric sensor) ref.4) DELTAPERM (TECHNOLOX/Pressure gauge) ref.5) API-MS (NIHON-API / MS) ref.6) Super detect SKT (TI/ QMS) ref.7) Ca test ( Various / Ca film) ref.8) Tritium test ref.9) (GENERAL ATOMIC) 12

Ex.1: High sensitive pressure gauge method WVTR can be calculated by water vapour pressure through barrier film - Differential pressure method - Slope of P(t) is

13 Ex.1: High sensitive pressure gauge method WVTR can be calculated by water vapour pressure through barrier film - Differential pressure method - Slope of P(t) is proportional to WVTR - Calibration by standard sample is unnecessary H. Norenberg Proc. of the International Display Workshop 2008, p.1435 (2008) 13

14 Ex.2: Calcium test WVTR can be calculated by reacted Ca metal amount Side view Measurement sample example Ca + 2H 2 O Ca(OH) 2 Ca High-barrier film Inert metal Metal Hydroxide Glass Glue G. Nisato et al. Proc. of the International Display Workshop/Asia Display, 2001, 1435 (2001) 14

15 Ex.3: Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry WVTR can be calculated by water vapour pressure through barrier film - Equal-pressure method - High sensitive detector API-MS -API-MS sensitivity can detect ppb of H 2 O in N 2 gas N2 1L/min N2 1L/min Humidity controller sample Test cell API-MS EXT Specification brochure in NIHON API 15

method B/condition Y g/m 2 d ISO method g/m 2 -d methodc/condition Z g/m 2 d ISO method g/m 2 -d Supplier

16 Advantage of standardization for WVTR testing High-barrier films are objectively enabled to evaluate Before standardization After standardization method A/condition X g/m 2 d??? ISO method g/m 2 -d Good! method B/condition Y g/m 2 d ISO method g/m 2 -d methodc/condition Z g/m 2 d ISO method g/m 2 -d Supplier Customer Supplier Customer Customer : Re-evaluation is unnecessary Supplier : Original method/condition development is unnecessary 16

17 Summary Flexible electronics device markets begin to grow up by 2015 High-barrier films are key material for flexible electronics devices ISO series do NOT cover WVTR of high-barrier films Various testing methods for high-barrier films have been proposed ISO standardization for the high-barrier testing method is required!! 17

18 References 1) Specification brochure in Illinois Instruments Inc. 2) Specification brochure in Mocon Inc. 3) Specification brochure in GTR Tec Corporation 4) Specification brochure in Mocon Inc. 5) H. Norenberg, Proc. of the International Display Workshop 2008 (2008) 6) Specification brochure in NIHON API Co.,Ltd 7) Y.Takahashi et al., IEICE Technical Report, OME , 11(2010) 8) A.G.Erlat et al., Proc. Soc.Vac.Coaters., p.654 (2004) 9) T.Clausen et al., DOE Solid State Lighting Manufacturing Workshop (2009) 18

19 Contact information Prof. Kazukiyo Nagai Professor, Meiji University, JAPAN President, Japan Barrier Society 19

National Centre for Flexible Electronics

National Centre for Flexible Electronics Tripartite Partnership Government FlexE Centre - A platform for a meaningful interaction between industry and academia. An interdisciplinary team that advances