United States Patent (19) Miller

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1 M5 f 85 OR 4 55 O 58 United States Patent (19) Miller (54) (76) FISH EYE LENS SYSTEM Inventor: Rolf Miller, Wienerstr. 3, 7888 Rheinfelden, Fed. Rep. of Germany 1 Appl. No.: 379,76 Filed: May 19, 198 (30) Foreign Application Priority Data May 0, 1981 DE Fed. Rep. of Germany (51) Int. Cl... G0B 9/60; G0B 9/6 5 U.S. C /46; 350/436 58) Field of Search /46, 436, ) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,734,600 5/1973 Shimizu /46 4,56,373 3/1981 Horimoto /464 Primary Examiner-John K. Corbin (11) 45) Patent Number: Date of Patent: 4,55,038 Jun. 5, 1985 Assistant Examiner-Rebecca D. Gass Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Fitch, Even, Tabin & Flannery (57) ABSTRACT A high performance medium speed fish eye lens system is provided capable of compensating all aberrations except the distortion up to an aperture ratio of 1:4. The lens system includes a first negative meniscus shaped lens convex to the object, a second negative lens curved towards the object, a third positive lens curved towards the object, an aperture stop, a fourth positive lens curved towards the image and a fifth meniscus shaped negative lens convex to the image. The fourth and the fifth lens are close together or cemented. An optical filter can be inserted between the third and the fourth lens. 1 Claims, 1 Drawing Figures Gl G L. r -N-N --- 3?t

2 U.S. Patent Jun. 5, ,55,038

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4 U.S. Patent Jun. 5, 1985 Sheet 3 of 5 4,55,038 Ay' 10am 6-539' 5-71 Fig.6 \ lay stag' ' 10pm? f56 ks

5 U.S. Patent Jun. 5, 1985 Sheet 4 of 5 4,55,038

6 U.S. Patent Jun. 5, 1985 Sheet 5 of 5 4,55,038 A v" \ 6-0 6, 0' / --- 6, e 739

7 1. FISH EYE LENS SYSTEM BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a photographic fish eye lens system which has a field angle of more than 140, particularly to an improved lens system having a very high resolution power at an aperture ratio up to 1:4 and which can be applied to SLR-cameras.. Description of the Prior Art Fish eye lens systems are known since 193 (DRP. No. 60,538). Further suggestions have been made in the 'Journal of the Optical Society of America' No.41 (1951), Page and in the U.S. Pat. No. 3,331,65. These early fish eye lens systems were rather simple and the compensation of some of the aberrations was not sufficient or was even impossible. Particularly the lateral chromatic aberration was a problem which could not be solved. Therefore the resolution power of these lens systems was poor, even if they were used at small aperture ratios. In the years following 1965 nu merous fish eye lens systems of a higher performance have been designed, but the high number of lens ele ments is the common big disadvantage of these designs. They consist of 8 to 1 lens elements and they therefore are rather expensive and heavy (U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,515,46; 3,54,697; 3,597,049; 3,734,600; 3,741,630, 3,850,509; 4,009,943 and 4,56,373). Other disadvan tages of some of these systems are the poor resolution power at large field angles and fully opened aperture stop, and-consequently-the decreasing brightness at the edges of the image, since the deviating light rays must be cut off by vignetting on the rims of the lens elements in order to achieve a sufficient sharpness of the image. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The purpose of the invention is to disclose a new fish eye lens system of rather simple construction and a very high resolution power at medium aperture ratios, to be used on SLR-cameras. At least one of the lens elements may desirably consist of a glass or crystal which has an abnormal characteristic of dispersion. In this regard, for example, the third lens (L3) may consist of a "short flint' glass, and/or the fourth lens may consist of a "long crown' glass or of a fluoride crystal. At least one of the lenses of the first lens group (G1) may consist of limpid plastic material which has an Abbe's number higher than 55. The disclosed lens system consists of a first lens group (G1) including two single lenses (L1 and L) of nega tive refractive power both curved towards the object; a second lens group (G) of positive refractive power, including at least one positive lens (L3) curved towards the object, an aperture stop, and a third lens group (G3) of positive refractive power, including a positive lens (L4) curved towards the image and a meniscus shaped negative lens convex to the image. The design parameters of the disclosed fish eye lens system satisfy the following conditions: The first and the second lens of the first lens group (G1) consist of a glass of a Abbe's-number larger than 45 and the result ing focal length of the first lens group amounts to -0.5 to -1. f, 4,55,038 O the distance between the first and the second lens is 0.6 to l f, between the second and the third lens it is 0.9 to 1.3 f, the second lens group (G) has a resulting focal length of 1.5 to.5 f and a resulting Abbe-number be tween 30 and 46, the distance between the second and the third lens group amounts to 0.5 to 0.9 f, the first lens of the third lens group has a focal length of 0.6 to 1.1 f and consists of a glass of an Abbe's-num ber larger than 5, the distance between the first and the second lens of the third group is less than 0.01 f, the second lens of the third lens group (G3) consists of a glass of a refractive index higher than 1.65 and an Abbe's-number less than 30, the radius of the object-fac ing side of said lens amounts to to f and the radius of the image side is -0.8 to f, wherein f represents the resulting focal length of the entire lens system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIGS. 1,, 3 and 4 show longitudinal sections of fish eye lens systems according to the present invention, FIGS. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 1 show meridional deviations delta-y' versus the aperture ratio at different field angles sigma 1 and the d-line. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The first lens group (G1) consisting of two negative lenses L1 and L form the negative front member of the system, which is necessary for a retrofocus lens system for obtaining a long back focal length and a short effec tive focal length. The construction of this front mem ber-according to the present invention-of two single curved lenses of a high negative refractive power is an especially simple embodiment of this front member, which enables the system to meet all requirements of a high performance fish eye lens system. This front member largely contributes to the planing of the image field, since both lenses have a great nega tive contribution to the Petzval-sum. Moreover, espe cially the second negative lens L contributes with its concave surface which faces the image to the compen sation of the aberrations of the following two lens groups by a negative coefficient of the spherical aberra tion, by a high negative coefficient of astigmatism and above all by a high positive coefficient of the coma. But on the other hand, the negative front member introduces a considerable negative coefficient of lateral chromatic aberration and a positive coefficient of dis tortion into the system. The second lens group consisting of preferably a single positive meniscus shaped lens L3, in which about 60% of the positive refractive power of the lens system is preferably concentrated, consists of a glass of relative low Abbe's-number-according to the invention-- whereby a great portion of the lateral chromatic aberra tion, caused by the negative front member, and a small portion of the distortion can be compensated. On the other side, the third lens causes-especially on its convex surface which faces the object-the highest positive coefficient of the spherical aberration and about 50% of all positive chromatic focal aberration coefficients of the entire system. Thus, behind the second lens group, the spherical aberration coefficient and the chromatic focal aberra tion coefficient of the second lens group are dominat

8 3 ing, while the sum of the coma and the distortion coeffi cients are substantially determined by the negative front member. Behind the second lens group, the light-rays which are radiated by a distant object point, emerge nearly in parallel. It is therefore advantageous to arrange an opti cal filter in form of a plane-parallel glass plate F behind the second lens group-if necessary-for in this place a plane-parallel glass plate influences the achieved cor rection state of the system only slightly. Moreover, at this position the diameter of the filter can be very small, for-in accordance with the invention-the aperture stop is also arranged behind the second lens group. The two lenses of the third lens group have a positive resulting refractive power, which represents approx. 40% of the positive refractive power of the entire lens system. The radii of the convex surface of the first lens of the third lens group and the concave surface of the second lens of said lens group are at least approximately equal, that is-according to the invention-between and -0.7 f, wherein f represents the effective focal length of the entire lens system. Since the refraction index of the second lens of the third lens group is considerably higher than the refrac tion index of the first lens of this group, the adjacent surfaces of these lenses-having a small distance or are cemented together-act divergent, and therefore are substantially contributing to the compensation of the spherical aberration. Moreover, they cause an important contribution to the compensation of the chromatic focal aberration since the glass of the second lens of said lens group has a substantially higher Abbe's-number than the first lens of this group. The convex surface of the second lens of this group, facing the image, adds a final important contribution to the spherical aberration and to the chromatic focal aberration. It also introduces a positive amount into the field curvature and the Petzval-sum, as well as a consid erable negative coefficient of the coma. A lens system according to the invention permits in the whole a very good compensation of all aberrations with exception of the distortion-up to an aperture ratio of about 1:4.5 to 1:4 and a field angle of about 150 to 18O. EXAMPLES The following typical and preferred examples of lens systems in accordance with the present invention are provided having the following design parameters wherein ni represents the radius of the i-th lens surface, di represents the distance between the i-th and the next lens surface, vi represents the Abbe's number of the i-th lens, S' represents the back focal length, f represents the effective paraxial focal length; db represents the distance between the aperture stop (B) and the lens surface preceding it on the object side, and Sigma 1 represents the field angle of the lens system from the center line of the lens system such that x Sigma 1 is the total object field angle of the lens system. All numerical data herein, including the data pres ented by FIGS. 5-1, refer to lens systems which have a back focal length S' of about 37 mm, that is, to designs 4,55,038 O for the image size 4x36 nm, which however is not intended to limit lens elements of the present invention to this image size. The following tables of data for each Example com prise the Seidel's-coefficients of lens systems according to the respective Example, The numerical data are mul tiplied by 1000 and rounded-by reasons of better clear CSS. In the Tables, the variables are represented as fol lows: H: abberation-coefficient of the spherical aberration C: aberration-coefficient of the meridional coma A: aberration-coefficient of the astigmatism P: aberration-coefficient of the Petzval condition W: aberration-coefficient of the curvature of the image field D: aberration-coefficient of the distortion FQ: aberration-coefficient of the lateral chromatic aberr. FL: aberration-coefficient of the chromatic focal aber ration EXAMPLE 1. Li r = r d = 37 d = 1.33 n = w = L r s 147 r4-13,896 d3 as 76 d n v = 63.5 L3 r5 = 6.3 d5 = 3,308 n v3 = at 63.8 d6 = db = 8.8 L4 rt = r8 = 7.93 d7 c 3.6 d n4 = wa. = 81.8 L5 r9 = 7.95 d9 =.4 n v5 s r10 = 7.3 f = ; f.es = : S = ; x Sigma 1 s H C A. P W D FO FL l O X TABLE 1 aberration-coefficients of a lens system according to Example 1. FIG. 5 illustrates meridional deviations delta-y' versus the aperture ratio at different field angles sigma for the fisheye lens systems of Example 1. EXAMPLE Ll r = 46.0 di = 1.41 n = v1 = r = d =,487 L r3 = 5 d3 = a.609 w = rq d4 = L3 r3 = d5 = 3.44 n3 =.705 v3 = ré is d6 = 1.8 db L4 rt is d7 is = t4873 wa or 8.8 r8-8.4 L5 rg - 7,31 d8 =.96 n v5 = 6.95 f = ; F = ; S = ; x Sigma 1 s I H C A P W D FQ FL l , , ,5 ll3 6 O , -ll l ,

9 4,55,038 5 TABLE 1-continued aberration-coefficients of a lens system according to Example 1. FIG. 5 illustrates meridional deviations delta-y" versus the aperture ratio at different field angles sigma 1 for the fisheye lens systerns of 5 Example 1. S TABLE 10 aberration-coefficients of a lens system according to Example. FIG. 6 illustrates meridional deviations delta-y" versus the aperture ratio at different field angles sigma for the fisheye lens system of Example. 5 EXAMPLE 3 Ll rl = 46.0 = di set l.4 d = in le.6935 vs L r3 = 15 4 as 4,098 d d4 = 8.49 n =.609 v = L3 r5 = d5 = 3.44 ró is 7418 d6 = 5 n3 = v3 = F r7 = d7 is n4 as 1.54 v4 = 60 r8 is oc d db L4 r9 = d n vs = L5 r10 = -8.4 do = 1.97 nó = v6 = 6.95 r s f = ;? = ; S = ; x Sigma 1 s I H C A p W D FQ FL O , , l l ill, 1-1) O -7 5 O , S I TABLE 3 40 aberration-coefficients of a lens system according to Example 3. FIG. 7 illustrates meridional deviations delta-y" versus the aperture ratio at different field angles sigma l for the fisheye lens system of Example 3. EXAMPLE 4 45 L. r1 = 45.5 = 8.1 d1 s 6 d = 1.85 n1 = v1 is L r3 = 10.5 r4 = d3 = 1.4 d4 = 8.66 n = v is L3 rs d5 is 3,408 ró = d6-5 ns = 1705 v3 = F rt as d7 = 1 n4 =.54 v4 = 60 r8 = oc d8 as 5.43 db = 3 L4 r8 is 49. L5 r d9 = d ns = né = v5 = v rl = f = ; f = : S = ; x Sigma 1 s 15.9' I H C A P W D FO FL s TABLE 4 aberration-coefficients of a lens system according to Example 4. FG, 8 illustrates meridional deviations delta-y" versus the aperture ratio at different field angles sigma 1 for the fisheye lens system of Example 4. EXAMPLE 5 r Ll r1 s 56.0 d1 = 1. n = v1 is 63.5 r is: 0.0 d = 1.5 L r3 = 370 r4 = 3.8 d3 = 1.8 d4 = 7.85 n = v = L3 rs ré 65.7 d5 is 3.0 d6 is 4.0 n3 s. 708 v F r7 = d7 as n4 =.58 v4 = 60 r8 = oe d8 = 6.45 db = 4.0 L4 r9 = 57.5 d9 se 3.7 n v L5 r10 = -8.5 rl = 18.4 di O =.65 né = v f = ; fe = 16,760; S' = ; x Sigma 1 s H C A P W D FO FL ,9 87-1, , O , O l , , O O , , TABLE 5 aberration-coefficients of a lens system according to EXAMPLE5. FIG. 9 illustrates meridional deviations delta-y' versus the aperture ratio at different field angles sigma for the fisheye lens system of Example 5. w EXAMPLE 6 L r = 48.8 r = d = 1.35 d se n1 = w = r3 s 37.3 r4 = 3.44 d3 = d4 = n as 1.63 v = L3 rs c 15.3 d5 = 3, 1998 ns = 1,6668 v3 = I6 = 65,0 d6 = db = 8.8 L4 T = 47.0 d7 as n4 =.518 v4 = L5 r8 = -8.0 d8 =.65 n5 = v5 = f = ;? = ; S = ; x Sigma 1 is 55.6 H C A. P w D FO FL O , O O TABLE 6 aberration-coefficients of a lens system according to Example 6. FIC. 10 illustrates meridional deviations delta-y" versus the aperture ratio at current angles sigma i for the fisheye lens system of Example 6. EXAMPLE 7 L. r1 = 39,9 r d1 = 1.7 d = 4. n = 1.53 v1 is 59,6 L r3 = oo r4 = 4.0 d3 =.9 d4 = 19.3 n = 149 v s 58

10 4,55,038 7 TABLE 6-continued aberration-coefficients of a lens system according to Example 6. FIG. 10 illustrates meridional deviations delta-y" versus the aperture ratio at current angles sigma for the fisheye lens system of Example 6. 5 L3 S d5 =.35 n3 = i v3 = ré = 8.4 d6 = 0.69 db at 5.6 L4 r7 = -.4 r8 = d7 =.53 n4 = v4 as 6.5 L5 r9 = d8 as v5 s 5.43 f 17,418,... = 7,317; S = ; x Sigma is H C A P W D FO FL l , , l l l 1, , , s ,7 9 0 TABLE 7 aberration coefficients of a lens system according to Example 7. FIG. ll illustrates 5 meridional deviations delta-y' versus the aperture ratio at different field angles sigma 1 for the fisheye lens system of Example 7. EXAMPLE 8 L r = r = 8.56 d = 1.6 d = n =.6986 v s L r3 = 74.5 d3 = 1.4 as v is r d4 = 18,81 L3 (5 = 16,4835 d5 = ré = 8.18 d6 = 5 n} = 1,677 v3 = 3.1 F r7 = o d7 = 1 n4 = 1.54 v4 = 60 r8 = o d8 s 5.35 db = L4 r9 = d n5 is v5 = L5 ri0 = d10 s n.8 = v6 = 5.43 rl = f = ; fes = ; S = ; x Sigma 1 s I H C A P W D FO FL S O O XE l TABLE 8 aberration-coefficients of a lens system according to Example 8. FIG. 1 illustrates meridional deviations delta y' versus the aperture ratio at differrent field angles sigma for the fisheye lens system of Example 8. While the previous Examples illustrate 5-lens systems, this Example illustrates a six element fish eye lens system. 55 EXAMPLE 9 r = 4. r d = 1.6 d = nl a.604 vl = L r3 = 87.0 rd = 4.15 d3 = 1.4 d4 = 3.56 n = v is L3 rs ró = 9.83 d5 is.75 d6 = 0.7 n3 = 6998 v3 = L4 r7 = 8.0 r d d8 = 4.85 n4 = v4 = F r9 = co d9 = n5 = 1.54 v5 = 60 r10 = oo di O is 5.4 db is 3.3 L5 ril - S1 d1 = 3,608 nós E.4863 v6 is TABLE 8-continued aberration-coefficients of a lens system according to Example 8. FIG. 1 illustrates meridional deviations delta y' versus the aperture ratio at differrent field angles sigma 1 for the fisheye lens system of Example 8. While the previous Examples illustrate 5-lens systems, this Example illustrates a six element fish eye lens system. L6 r1 = 8.45 d = 1.3 m7 = w r f = ; f.e = ; S = ; x Sigma s 150. I H C A P W D FO FL l l01 -, , l , ,3 15 X A lens system according to the present invention can be modified in many ways in order to obtain particular characteristics according to the desired application, whereby the basic design of the lens system as set forth in claim 1, or 17 remains unchanged. Some of these modifications which have especially appropriate char acteristics in different aspects are set forth in the Exam ples 1-9 by numerical design parameters. All numerical data as well as the presented drawings of aberration curves refer to lens systems which have a back focal length S' of about 37 mm, that is to designs for the image size 4x36mm, but this means no limitation of the invention to this image size. A displacement of the image field versus the theoreti cally paraxial image position by mm is the base for the presented curves of deviations. This displace ment corresponds to the practical focusing of the lens system in order to achieve a maximal visual contrast at opened aperture stop. It follows a resulting focal length fe, being shorter than the theoretical effective focal length f by about 0.1 mm, which is the result of calcula tions concerning paraxial rays. The given field angles sigma 1, the aperture ratios and the Seidel's -coefficients of the Tables 1 to 8 also refer to this resulting focal length fres. What I claim is: 1. A five element fish eye lens system comprising from the object to the image side: a first meniscus shaped lens (L1) of negative refrac tive power curved towards the object, a second lens (L) of negative refractive power curved towards the object, a third positive meniscus lens (L3) of positive refrac tive power curved towards the object, an aperture stop (B), a fourth lens (L4) of positive refractive power curved towards the image, and a fifth meniscus shaped lens (L5) of negative refrac tive power curved towards the image.. A fish eye lens system according to claim 1 wherein said first lens and said second lens each consist of a glass having an Abbe-number larger than 45, wherein said lens group formed by said first lens and said second lens has a focal length in the range of -0.5 to - 1. f, wherein the distance between said first lens and said second lens is in the range of 0.9 to 1.3 f, wherein said third lens has a focal length in the range of

11 4,55, to.5 f and an Abbe-number between 30 and 46, wherein said fourth lens has a focal length in the range -continued of 0.6 to 1.1 fand consists of a glass of an Abbe-number ré 63.8 d db = L4 r d7 = 3.6 n4 = v4 = larger than 5, and wherein said fifth lens consists of a r8 = 7.93 d8 set 0.0 glass having a refractive index higher than 1.65, and an 5 L5 r9 = 7.95 d ns = ws = 6.95 Abbe-number less than 30, r10 s wherein frepresents the resulting focal length of the f = 15,9577;?et = ; S = ; x Sigma 1 s 153.5". lens system. 3. A fish eye lens system according to claim, 6. A fish eye lens system according to claim 4 wherein the distance between said fourth lens and said 10 wherein the lenses of the third lens group (G3) are fifth lens is less than 0.01 f, wherein the radius of the cemented. object-facing side of said fifth lens is in the range of 7. A fish eye lens system according to claim 6 having from f to f and wherein the radius of the the following design parameters wherein image-facing side of said fifth lens is in the range of from ri represents the radius of the i-th lens surface, f to f. 15 di represents the distance between the i-th and the 4. A five element fish eye lens system comprising five next lens surface, lens elements from the object to the image side: a first meniscus shaped lens (L1) of negative refrac- vi represents the Abbe's number of the i-th lens, tive power made from a glass of an Abbe's number S' represents the back focal length, higher than 45 curved towards the object, 0 frepresents the effective paraxial focal length, a second lens (L) of negative refractive power made fres represents the resulting focal length, which pro from a glass of an Abbe's number higher than 45 vides maximum visual contrast at opened aperture and curved towards the object, said second lens stop, forming together with said first lens (L1) a first lens db represents the distance between the aperture stop group, which has a resulting focal length of and the lens surface preceding it on the object side, to -1. f, XSigman 1 represents the total field angle: a single third lens (L3) of positive refractive power curved towards the object and made from a glass of a relatively high refraction index and low Abbe's. = i. : = list n1 = v1 = number, said third lens having a focal length of d n = v = to.5 f, r4 = d4 = an aperture stop, L3 S is d5 is 3,44 n3 at 1705 w8 = a fourth lens (L4) of positive refractive power curved = 3. g = s 4 = 14. c = 81,81 towards the image and made from a glass of an F. -84 r. T4 c V4-5, Abbe's number higher than 5, having a radius of 35 L d8 as 1.96 ns = v5 = to -0.7 f on its surface facing the image f = ; f = ; S = ; x Sigma i s 153.4". side, and a fifth meniscus shaped lens (L5) of negative refrac tive power made from a glass of a refraction index higher than 1.65 and an Abbe's number less than 30, 40 said fifth lens having a radius of to -0.7 fon its surface facing the object side and a radius of to fon its surface facing the image side, said fourth lens and said fifth lens forming a lens group, 45 wherein frepresents the effective focal length of the entire lens system. 5. A fish eye lens system according to claim 4 having the following design parameters, wherein ri represents the radius of the i-th lens surface, 50 di represents the distance between the i-th and the next lens surface, vi represents the Abbe's number of the i-th lens, 8. A fish eye lens system according to claim 6 having the following design parameters wherein ri represents the radius of the i-th lens surface, d; represents the distance between the i-th and the next lens surface, vi represents the Abbe's number of the i-th lens, S' represents back focal length, frepresents the effective paraxial focal length, fes represents the resulting focal length, which pro vides maximum visual contrast at opened aperture Stop, db represents the distance between the aperture stop and the lens surface preceding it on the object side, x Sigma 1 represents the total field angle: S' represents the back focal length, ss w = frepresents the effective paraxial focal length, r is d = fe represents the resulting focal length, which pro- L n v vides maximum visual contrast at opened aperture L3 : : s:. n3 = w Stop, 6 = 65.0 d6 = db = 8.8 db represents the distance between the aperture stop 60 L4 r7 = 47.0 d7 is 3,503 n4 = wa. = and the lens surface preceding it on the object side, L5 R g d8 =.65 n5 = ws = 5.43 x Sigma 1 represents the total field angle: f = ; fe = ; S = ; x Sigma 1 s 155.6". Ll r d1 = 1.37 n = v1 = A fish eye lens system according to claim 6 L r r3 = d3 d 1,33.76 n = v = 63.5 wherein at least one of the lenses of the first lens group r4 as d4 = (G1) consists of limpid plastic material which has an L3 rs at 16.3 d n = v3 = Abbe's-number higher than 55.

12 4,55, A fish eye lens system according to claim 9 having the following design parameters wherein ri represents the radius of the i-th lens surface, di represents the distance between the i-th and the next lens surface, 5 vi represents the Abbe's number of the i-th lens, S' represents back focal length, f represents the effective paraxial focal length, fes represents the resulting focal length, which pro- 10 vides maximum visual contrast at opened aperture Stop, db represents the distance between the aperture stop and the lens surface preceding it on the object side, x Sigma 1 represents the total field angle: 15 Ll r s r = 4.78 d = t.7 d = 14.0 n = 1.53 v = 59.6 L r3 = -o rq = 14.0 d3 s 9 d4 is 9.3 n =.49 v = 58 0 L3 r3 = rô = 8.4 ds =.35 d6 = 0.69 n3 = v3 = 33.0 db = 5.6 L4 r1 = -1.4 r8 = d7 s.53 n4 = v4 = 6.15 L5 r9 = d8 = 0.60 n v5 as 5.43 f = 17,48; f.e. = ; S = ; x Sigma i s 159.4, A fish eye lens system according to claim 6 fur ther comprising a plane-parallel filter element (F). 1. A fish eye lens system according to claim 11 hav ing the following design parameters wherein 30 ri represents the radius of the i-th lens surface, di represents the distance between the i-th and the next lens surface, vi represents Abbe's number of the i-th lens, 35 S' represents the back focal length, frepresents the effective paraxial focal length, fes represents the resulting focal length, which pro vides maximum visual contrast at opened aperture Stop, 40 db represents the distance between the aperture stop and the lens surface preceding it on the object side, XSigma 1 represents the total field angle: 45 Ll r = 46.0 r = 8.38 d = 1.4 d = n1 = v = L r3 = 5 ra. = 4,098 d d4 = n = 1,609 v = 60,31 L3 r5 = 16,868 d5 = 3.44 m3 =.705 v3 is ré = 71,418 d6 = 5 50 F rt = r8 = a d7 = 1 d8 = 5.56 n4 = 1.54 v.4 is 60 db = 3.3 L4 r9 = d9 se 3.65 ns is v L5 ro = -8.4 d0 c 1.97 nó = v6 is 6.95 rl = 7.3 f = ; f = , S' s ; x Sigma i s A fish eye lens system according to claim 11 hav ing the following design parameters wherein: rt represents the radius of the i-th lens surface, di represents the distance between the i-th and the 60 next lens surface, vi represents the Abbe's number of the i-th lens, S' represents the back focal length, f represents the effective paraxial focal length, 65 fres represents the resulting focal length, which pro vides maximum visual contrast at opened aperture Stop, 1 db represents the distance between the aperture stop and the lens surface preceding it on the object side, x Sigma 1 represents the total field angle: Ll r1 = 45.5 r = 181 d = 1.6 d = 1.85 n = v1 = L r3 = 10.5 ris 4.08 d3 = 1.4 d4 is 8.66 n = v is 54.7 L ró d5 = d6 = 5 n =.705 v3 is F rt = d7 = 1 n4 = 4.54 v4 s 60 r8 at oc d8 = 5:43 db = 3 L4 r9 = 49, d9 = ns is 4863 v5 = 8.81 L5 r10 = dt 0 = 1.96 né = v6 is 6.95 rl = f = ; fes = : S' = ; x Sigma i s 15.9". 14. A fish eye lens system according to claim 11 hav ing the following design parameters wherein ri represents the radius of the i-th lens surface, di represents the distance between the i-th and the next lens surface, vi represents the Abbe's number of the i-th lens, S' represents back focal length, f represents the effective paraxial focal length, fres represents the resulting focal length, which pro vides maximum visual contrast at opened aperture Stop, db represents the distance between the aperture stop and the lens surface preceding it on the object side, XSigma 1 represents the total field angle: Ll r1 = 56.0 r = 0.0 d1 = 1. d = 1.5 n1 =.6015 w = 63.5 L 3 s 370 r4 = 13.8 d3 = 1.8 d4 = 7.85 n =.4863 v is L3 r5 = 16,4 ré = 65.7 d5 as 3.0 d6 = 4.0 n3 = v3 = F r s d7 s n4 = 1.58 v4 = 60 r8 = oo d8 = 6.45 db = 40 L4 r9 = 57.5 d9 = 3.7 n5 = v L5 rost -8.5 do c.65 nó is.8058 v6 = 5.43 rl = 8.4 f = ; f = 16,760; S = , x Sigma 1 s 153.3'. 15. A fish eye lens system according to claim 11 hav ing the following design parameters wherein ri represents the radius of the i-th lens surface, di represents the distance between the i-th and the next lens surface, vi represents the Abbe's number of the i-th lens, S' represents the back focal length, f represents the effective paraxial focal length, fres represents the resulting focal length, which pro vides maximum visual contrast at opened aperture Stop, db represents the distance between the aperture stop and the lens surface preceding it on the object side, x Sigma represents the total field angle: Lt r = r = 8.56 d = 1.6 d = n = was 55.4 L r3 = 74.5 rq = d3 = 1.4 d4 = 18.8 n =.6968 w = L3 r3 = ré = 8.18 d5 as d6 = 5 n3 = v3 as 3.1 F r7 = o d7 = 1 n4 = 1.54 v4 at 60 r8 = oo d8 = 5.35 db = 3.0 L4 r9 = 48.5 d9 at 3.57 n5 = v5 = 84.47

13 13 -continued 4,55,038 L5 r10 = d0-78 né = v6 is 5.43 r11 = f = ; f = ; S = ; x Sigma 1 s A fish eye lens system according to claim 4 or 6 wherein at least one of the lens elements consist of a glass or crystal which has an abnormal characteristic of dispersion. 17. A fish eye lens system according to claim 16 wherein the third lens (L3) consists of a "short flint'- glass. 18. A fish eye lens system according to claim wherein the fourth lens consists of a "long crown'- glass. 19. A fisheye lens system according to claim 16 wherein said fourth lens consists of a fluoride-crystal. 0. A fish eye lens system comprising six lens ele ments in three groups in the following manner, from the object to the image side: a first meniscus shaped lens (L1) of negative refrac tive power curved towards the object, a second lens (L) of negative refractive power curved towards the object and forming-together with the first lens (L1)-a first lens group (G1), a third positive meniscus shaped lens (L3) of positive refractive power curved towards the object, a fourth positive meniscus lens (L4) of positive refrac tive power curved towards the object and formin g-together with the third lens (L3)-a second lens group (G), an aperture stop (B), O a fifth lens (L5) of positive refractive power curved towards the image, and a sixth meniscus shaped lens (L6) of negative refrac tive power curved towards the image and formin g-together with the fifth lens (L5)--a third lens group (G3). 1. A fish eye lens system according to claim 0 hav ing the following design parameters wherein ri represents the radius of the i-th lens surface, di represents the distance between the i-th and the next lens surface, vi represents the Abbe's number of the i-th lens, S' represents the back focal length, f represents the effective paraxial focal length, fes represents the resulting focal length, which pro vides maximum visual contrast at opened aperture Stop, db represents the distance between the aperture stop and the lens surface preceding it on the object side, XSigma 1 represents the total field angle: Ll r1 = 4. d = 1.6 n = vl as r d = L r3 = 87.0 ra = d3 = 1.4 d4 = n =.73 v = L3 rs is 17.5 ré s 9.83 d5 is 1.75 d6 = 0.7 n3 e v L4 r. s. 8.0 r8 is 80.8 d7 c.0 d8 = 4.85 n4 = v4 s F r9 = oc d9 as n5 as.54 vs = 60 r10 = oc d0 s 5.4 db as 3.3 L5 r1 as 5. d is né is v6 = 81.8 L6 r1 = 8.45 d1 = 1.3 ni : v7 = 6.95 r f = ; fes = ; S = ; x Sigma 1 s k k k sk

14 i. e. UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION PATENT NO. : 4,55, 038 Sheet l of 5 DATED June 5, 1985 INVENTOR(S) : Rolf Miller It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent is hereby corrected as shown below: up up 8 O Col. 3, Line 5, change "ni" to --ri Col. 4, Lines 44-50, identify "TABLE 1" with the block of tabulated numbers above it by deleting the horizontal line immediately below "TABLE ll" and expanding upwardly the printed matter so that the subtitle "TABLE 1" appears immediately subjacent the horizontal line above it. Col. 4, Line 58, change "ra = 8.4" to --r8 = Col. 5, Line 1, change "TABLE 1-continued" to --TABLE continued.--. Col. 5, Lines -6, delete the two horizontal lines and all printed matter therebetween. Col. 5, Lines 9-15, identify "TABLE " with the block of tabulated numbers preceding it by deleting the horizontal line immediately below "TABLE " and expanding upwardly the printed matter so that the subtitle "TABLE " appears immediately subjacent the horizontal line above it.

15 UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION PATENT NO. : 4,55, 038 Sheet of 5 DATED June 5, 1985 INVENTOR(S) : Rolf Müller It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent is hereby Corrected as shown below:. Lines 39-45, identify "TABLE 3" with the block of tabulated numbers above it by deleting the horizontal line immediately below "TABLE 3" and expanding upwardly the printed matter so that the subtitle "TABLE 3" appears immediately subjacent the horizontal line above it. Line 63, in column "P", line 7, change "1" to --O--. Line 67, col. I insert -- :--. Line 1, identify "TABLE 4" with the block of tabulated numbers preceding it by deleting the horizontal line immediately below "TABLE 4" and moving the subtitle "TABLE 4" to appear immediately subjacent the bottom horizontal line of Col. 5. Line 9, col. I insert Lines 30-36, identify "TABLE 5" with the block of tabulated numbers above it by deleting the horizontal line immediately below "TABLE 5" and expanding upwardly the printed matter so that the subtitle "TABLE 5" appears immediately subjacent the horizontal line above it.

16 UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION PATENT NO. : 4,55, 038 Sheet 3 of 5 DATED June 5, 1985 INVENTOR(S) : Rolf Miller It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent is hereby corrected as shown below: Col. 6, Lines 47 through 57 delete the entire table of tabulated numbers and substitute therefor the following: I C W D F O O O1 m.. O 7 O 934 O 8O a O so. O a 7 as ll. O s O O a or O 3 Col. 6, Lines 58-64, identify "TABLE 6" with the block of tabulated numbers to be substituted in the block above it by deleting the horizontal line immediately below "TABLE 6" and expanding upwardly the printed matter so that the subtitle "TABLE 6" appears immediately subjacent the horizontal line above it. Line 66, change "d = 14." to --d 14 O- ar. Line 1, change "TABLE 6-continued" to --EXAMPLE 7-continued.--.

17 PATENT NO. DATED INVENTOR(S) : UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION 4,55, 038 Sheet 4 of 5 June 5, 1985 Rolf Miller It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent is hereby Corrected as shown below: Lines -5, delete both horizontal lines and all printed matter therebetween. Lines -8, identify "TABLE 7" with the block of tabulated numbers above it by deleting the horizontal line immediately below "TABLE 7" and expanding upwardly the printed matter so that the subtitle "TABLE 7" appears immediately subjacent the horizontal line above it. Line 9, change "n1 = " to --n1 = Line 55, change "delta y " " to --delta-y" --. Lines 5l-58, identify "TABLE 8" with the block of tabulated numbers above it by deleting the horizontal line immediately below "TABLE 8" and expanding upwardly the printed matter so that the subtitle "TABLE 8" appears immediately subjacent the horizontal line above it. Line 65, change "d7 =.07" to --d7 =. 0--.

18 - - - 'th UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION PATENT NO. : 4,55, 038 Sheet 5 of 5 DATED June 5, 1985 INVENTOR(S) : Rolf Miller it is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent is hereby Corrected as shown below: Col. Col. Col. Col. 8, Line 1, change "TABLE 8-continued" to --EXAMPLE 9 continued--. 8, Lines -8, delete both horizontal lines and the printed matter therebetween. 8, Lines 11-0, delete the entire table. 10, Line 6, change "Sigman" to --Sigma--. Signed and Sealed this Twenty-fifth Day of April, 1989 Attest: DONALD J. QUIGG Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks

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