Adaptive Optics. J Mertz Boston University
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1 Adaptive Optics J Mertz Boston University
2
3 n 1 n 2 Defocus Bad focus
4 Large peak-to-valley Defocus correction n 1 n 2 Bad focus
5 Small peak-to-valley Spherical aberration correction n 1 n 2 Good focus
6 ? n 1 n 2
7 Work backwards Point source Guide star
8 Work backwards time reversal Point focus
9 Work backwards Phase measurement device Point source Guide star
10 Work backwards Shack-Hartmann sensor Point source Guide star
11 Shack-Hartmann sensor Lenticular screen
12 Shack-Hartmann sensor x Disadvantage: low resolution Advantage: high dynamic range
13 Shack-Hartmann sensor x Key advantage: achromatic!
14 Achromatic wavefront sensors Imagine Optic Shack-Hartmann sensor Low res; High dynamic range Phasics Modified-Hartmann sensor High res; Lower dynamic range
15 Phase reconstruction
16 feedback Shack-Hartmann sensor Point source Guide star
17 Phase control: Deformable mirrors Imagine Eyes Low resolution High dynamic range Boston Micromachines High resolution Lower dynamic range
18 Various AO strategies Sensor based Shack-Hartmann: Low coherence interferometry: CCD (Denk, 2006)
19 Intensity detector is insensitive to phase CCD
20 Low coherence interferometry (aka Digital holography) Reference beam CCD I 1
21 Low coherence interferometry (aka Digital holography) Reference beam CCD I 2
22 Low coherence interferometry (aka Digital holography) Reference beam CCD I 3
23 Low coherence interferometry (aka Digital holography) Reference beam CCD real I 1, I 2, I 3 a little math E complex
24 Reconstructed phase map
25 Numerical free space propagation Fresnel propagator z E 0 E 1 complex complex
26 Problem: phase wrapped 2p 0
27 Solution: phase unwrapping unwrapped wrapped 2p 0
28 Problem: wrapped, speckly, noisy,
29 Numerical free space propagation Fresnel propagator z E 0 E 1 complex complex
30 Numerical focusing E 0 E 1 =FT{E 0 }
31 Virtual Shack-Hartmann E 0 E 1 =FT{E 0 }
32 Virtual Shack-Hartmann Feierabend, Rueckel, Denk, OL 2004
33 Virtual Shack-Hartmann Feierabend, Rueckel, Denk, OL 2004
34 Virtual Shack-Hartmann Feierabend, Rueckel, Denk, OL 2004
35 Virtual Shack-Hartmann Feierabend, Rueckel, Denk, OL 2004
36 PNAS PEF signal improvement
37 Various AO strategies Sensor based Shack-Hartmann: Low coherence interferometry: CCD (Denk, 2006) Image based Zonal: (Ji, Betzig, 2010) Modal: (Booth, Debarre, 2010)
38 Image-based zonal Ji, Betzig, Nat. Meth. 2010
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40
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48 Ji, Milkie, Betzig, NM 2010
49 Various AO strategies Sensor based Shack-Hartmann: Low coherence interferometry: CCD (Denk, 2006) Image based Zonal: (Ji, Betzig, 2010) Modal: (Booth, Debarre, 2010)
50 quality Image-based: modal Débarre, Booth & Wilson OE 2007 Define orthogonal modes piston Optimize modes sequentially Φ 0 Φ 0 -a Φ 0 +a optimum tip defocus tilt aberration Polytechnique LOB 2N+1 images required
51 Image-based modal correction (2PEF microscopy) Fixed mouse embryo Débarre et al (Opt Lett 2009)
52 Polytechnique LOB Adaptive optics for nonlinear microscopy Drosophila larva: third-harmonic / second-harmonic generation microscopy. THG uncorrected corrected SHG (muscles) Cf Olivier et al, Opt Lett 34, 2145 (2009) Better visibility of small structures Signal x2.5 - Extra-illumination needed: +150%
53 Uncorrected Dynamic adaptive optics for nonlinear microscopy Corrected THG imaging of a developing drosophila embryo Olivier et al, Opt Lett 34, 2145 (2009)
54 Adaptive optics for 2PEF-THG microscopy 2PEF and THG imaging of pollen grains Uncorrected Corrected Olivier, Débarre, Beaurepaire, Optics Letters 34, 2145 (2009) «Dynamic aberration correction for multiharmonic microscopy» 2PEF THG Applied phase (rad)
55 Problem: aberrations mirror mirror tissue
56 Signal + Background Two-photon microscopy
57 Problem: aberrations mirror mirror tissue Solution: Adaptive optics deformable mirror actuators tissue
58 Signal + Background Background
59 Differential aberration imaging (fake adaptive optics) Signal + Background Background Signal
60 DAI Standard TPEF ~1ms Line-by-line DAI Aberrations off Aberrations on
61 Standard TPEF
62 Differential aberration TPEF
63 Blood vessels (200 um deep) Focal modulation microscopy (FMM) ( 1MHz modulation with AOM and lock-in detection) Chong et. al., BOE 2010
64 Where is AO going?
65 Focusing through scattering media SLM CCD Vellekoop, Mosk, Opt. Lett Gigan, Yang, Silberberg
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