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1 i PolyCyano UV Cyanoacrylate Fuming Equipment User Manual (Applications) (0030/PCY-2-03) July 2013
2 Head Office & UK Sales Office Foster + Freeman Ltd Vale Business Park Evesham Worcestershire WR11 1TD UK + 44 (0) (0) sales@fosterfreeman.com US Sales Office Foster + Freeman USA Inc Manekin Plaza Sterling Virginia USA usoffice@fosterfreeman.com Sales Support and Feedback Foster + Freeman welcome feedback from Customers regarding this product. Please contact one of our offices if you would like to pass on your comments. Foster + Freeman are pleased to offer advice, installation, training and on-site maintenance worldwide for all of their products. Specification Foster + Freeman reserve the right to alter the specification of this product, accessories and consumables without prior notice. Copyright This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior, written permission of Foster + Freeman Ltd. Copyright Foster + Freeman Ltd ( ) Copyright Foster + Freeman Ltd ii zzz ii ii
3 CONTENTS 1: INTRODUCTION... 1 What is PolyCyano UV?... 1 Why use PolyCyano UV?... 1 What materials can I examine with PolyCyano UV? : HOW TO USE POLYCYANO UV... 1 Equipment required... 1 Usage instructions... 1 Results... 2 Miscellaneous plastic items 2 White ceramic tile 3 Storage of treated evidence : Darkened room 4 2: Heated oven (40 o ) 5 3: Exposure to UV 6 Discussion 6 Conclusions 6 3: SAFETY INFORMATION... 7 Hydrogen Cyanide Testing... 7 Initial testing 7 Results 7 Comparison between the PolyCyano UV process and cigarette smoke 7 Health & Safety... 8 Material Safety Data 8 Precautions for safe handling and use 8 4: FURTHER RESULTS... 9 Black ceramic tile... 9 Plastic container Leather bag Marble tile White plastic bag White muesli bag White leather bag White plastic bag Green plastic bag (0030/PCY-00/2-03) July 2013 iii
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5 What is PolyCyano UV? What is PolyCyano UV? 1: INTRODUCTION Exclusive to Foster + Freeman Ltd. outside of Japan, PolyCyano UV is a one-stage cyanoacrylate fuming and staining reagent for developing fluorescent fingerprints without the need for further chemical treatment. Once evidence is processed it is immediately ready for examination, imaging and capture using a suitable light source (long wavelength UV or blue). PolyCyano UV is a powder containing a mixture of 95% polymerised ethyl cyanoacrylate, approximately 5% dimethylamino benzaldehyde (DMAB), a fluorescent staining dye, and trace additives (< 1%). Figure 1: Fluorescence emission spectra of DMAB (red line) and PolyCyano UV (blue line) excited by UV light (365 nm) When stimulated with ultraviolet light, the fluorescence response from DMAB is in the blue region of the electromagnetic spectrum. PolyCyano UV produces a very similar fluorescence response to DMAB: trace additives extend the emission to longer wavelengths. Why use PolyCyano UV? There are a number of advantages in using PolyCyano UV to facilitate the one-stage development process, compared with the conventional two-stage process which comprises cyanoacrylate fuming and subsequent wet fluorescent treatment: Labour times are reduced by simplifying the treatment process. The possibility of preserving evidential DNA is increased as a result of fewer stages involved in the treatment process. Treatment using PolyCyano UV is less destructive than conventional fluorescence techniques. Treatment using PolyCyano UV is possible for types of evidence that cannot be submerged in wet fluorescent staining reagents (e.g. firearms). Treatment can be performed easily in mobile laboratories without the need for equipment other than an MVC/D fuming cabinet. What materials can I examine with PolyCyano UV? As with conventional cyanoacrylate fuming, PolyCyano UV provides optimum results when developing fingerprints on non-porous materials, including but not limited to: Multi-coloured plastic bags; Plastic bottles: Various colours; Aluminium cans; Leather items: Various colours; Ceramic tiles; Firearms; Glossy magazines; Postcards. 1: Introduction 1
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7 Equipment required 2: HOW TO USE POLYCYANO UV Equipment required MVC/D fuming cabinet with variable relative humidity (60% 90%) and variable temperature glue heater: 230 C (PolyCyano UV); 120 C (Cyanobloom). High intensity, narrowband forensic light source for exciting fluorescence and compatible longpass filters for viewing the resulting emission. For best results, use either: o Long wavelength UV light (e.g. Crime-lite 82S/UV) and viewing filter GG420 (408 nm), GG435 (415 nm), GG495 (476 nm) or OG530 (510 nm); o Blue light source (Crime-lite 82S/B) and viewing filter GG495 (476 nm) or OG530 (510 nm). Usage instructions See also: Precautions for safe handling and use (p. 8) The quantity of PolyCyano UV required for each treatment cycle depends on the size of MVC/D fuming cabinet: MVC 1000/D = 1 level scoop (0.6 g); MVC 3000/D = 2 level scoops (1.2 g); MVC 5000/D = 4 level scoops (2.4 g). Place the PolyCyano UV powder into the foil dish (or equivalent) and ensure that the powder is spread evenly over the base. Place evidence into the MVC/D fuming cabinet, close the cabinet door and begin the fuming process. The duration of the fuming cycle ( Glue cycle ) also depends on the size of the MVC/D fuming cabinet: MVC 1000/D = 10 minutes MVC 3000/D = 20 minutes MVC 5000/D = 40 minutes After completion of the treatment cycle, open the cabinet door and remove the evidence. Examine the evidence using a suitable light source and appropriate viewing filters. 2: How to use PolyCyano UV 1
8 Results Results Miscellaneous plastic items (a): White light: nm (b): UV light: nm Figure 2: Images of miscellaneous plastic items processed with PolyCyano UV 2 (0030/PCY-00/2-03) July 2013
9 Results White ceramic tile Images captured using the Foster + Freeman DCS 4 system. 3(a): White light: nm (Crime-lite8x4) 3(b): UV light: nm (Crime-lite82S) + Viewing filter GG435 (415 nm) Figure 3: Images of a white ceramic tile processed with PolyCyano UV See also: 4: Further Results (p. 9). 2: How to use PolyCyano UV 3
10 Storage of treated evidence Storage of treated evidence Developed fingerprints on evidential material treated with PolyCyano UV may degrade over time. The possible degrading effects of long wave UV light (simulated sunlight ) and elevated temperature were assessed to determine the optimum storage conditions. Three black tiles were treated with fingerprints from the same donor: 1. Tile 1 was stored in a room without windows; 2. Tile 2 was kept in an oven set to 40 C; 3. Tile 3 was exposed to long wavelength UV light. The tiles were photographed: (a) Immediately after treatment with PolyCyano UV; (b) 3 hours after treatment; (c) 20 hours after treatment. Light source: Crime-lite 82S/UV; Viewing filter: GG495 Image capture: Foster + Freeman DCS 4 system. Camera settings for (b, c) were identical to those used for (a). 1: Darkened room 4(a): 0 hours 4(b): 3 hours 4(c): 20 hours Figure 4: PolyCyano UV treated fingerprints stored in a darkened room 4 (0030/PCY-00/2-03) July 2013
11 Storage of treated evidence 2: Heated oven (40 o ) 5(a): 0 hours 5(b): 3 hours 5(c): 20 hours Figure 5: PolyCyano UV treated fingerprints stored in an oven set to 40 C 2: How to use PolyCyano UV 5
12 Storage of treated evidence 3: Exposure to UV 6(a): 0 hours 6(b): 3 hours 6(c): 20 hours Figure 6: PolyCyano UV treated fingerprints stored under a long wave UV light Discussion The treated fingerprints that have been stored in a dark environment (Figures 4, 5) exhibit no perceptible reduction in quality. However, the fingerprints exposed to long wave UV light (Figure 6) degrade to such an extent that, even after 3 hours, the camera settings require adjustment to produce a usable image. It is likely that further exposure to long wave UV light would destroy the fluorescence altogether. Further test As a further test, the treated fingerprints stored under long wave UV light were re-treated with PolyCyano UV. It was found that, although some fluorescence was regenerated, the overall result produced fluorescence that was less intense than was found initially Conclusions PolyCyano UV powder and any PolyCyano UV treated materials should be kept in a cool, dark place. It is very important that the PolyCyano UV powder is not exposed to sunlight for any prolonged length of time. 6 (0030/PCY-00/2-03) July 2013
13 Hydrogen Cyanide Testing Hydrogen Cyanide Testing Initial testing Results 3: SAFETY INFORMATION Concerns were raised that heating PolyCyano UV to 230 C could cause thermal degradation of the polymerised cyanoacrylate air, resulting in the production of toxic levels of hydrogen cyanide gas. Air monitoring tests were therefore performed to determine whether detectable levels of hydrogen cyanide were produced in the immediate vicinity of the Foster + Freeman MVC/D cabinets. PolyCyano UV tests were carried out on each of the available sizes of fuming cabinet: MVC1000/D; MVC3000/D; MVC5000/D. A QRAE Plus toxic gas air monitor was used for this experiment. First, a fresh air blank was obtained. The monitor was placed adjacent to the MVC cabinet door and the ambient room air sampled for at least 30 minutes before fuming began. The PolyCyano UV fuming process was performed according to the recommended treatment process for each cabinet. The monitor was left running in situ for at least 30 minutes after the cabinet door had been opened or closed following completion of the treatment process. Measurements were carried out over a 3-day period. The UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) specifies a Short Term Exposure Limit (15-minute period) of 10 ppm for hydrogen cyanide in the workplace. Hydrogen Cyanide Detected (ppm) Product Tested Max Min Average Ambient Air Day < 0.1 Day Day < 0.1 MVC1000/D MVC3000/D MVC5000/D < 0.1 Table 1: Detection of Hydrogen Cyanide in parts per million (ppm) Table 1 shows that the PolyCyano UV process is far below the approved short term exposure limits. Comparison between the PolyCyano UV process and cigarette smoke A second test was carried out to compare the PolyCyano UV process and the smoke produced by one cigarette. A cigarette placed on a metal holder was burnt inside an enclosed box (0.45 x 0.36 x 0.27 m) and air monitored inside the box over a 15 minute period. The results obtained were as follows: Hydrogen Cyanide Detected (ppm) Product Tested Max Min Average MVC1000/D MVC3000/D MVC5000/D < 0.1 Cigarette Test Table 2: Detection of Hydrogen Cyanide in parts per millions (ppm) The low level HCN alarm on the toxic gas air monitor was triggered during the cigarette test. This did not occur at any time during the MVC/D tests. Please note that this is a summary report of a full Hydrogen Cyanide Detection Test. If you require further information the full report can be provided. 3: Safety information 7
14 Health & Safety Health & Safety The evaporation process for PolyCyano UV is essentially the same as that for liquid superglue, albeit at a higher temperature. Modifying fuming cabinets designed to run a lower temperature than is required to evaporate PolyCyano UV may present additional risks and render the manufacturer s guarantee invalid. It is recommended that a Risk Assessment (RA) is carried out before using a modified cabinet to evaporate PolyCyano UV. Material Safety Data Composition Polymerised ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate powder Dimethylamino benzaldehyde (DMAB) Additives Hazards Identification Irritant Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. In case of contact with eyes rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Wear suitable protective clothing. Will produce ethyl cyanoacrylate monomer at temperatures above 200 C. Do not allow PolyCyano UV to be heated above temperatures of 240 C to minimise risk of toxic gas production. Precautions for safe handling and use Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Do not breathe dust. Store in a cool, dark place. Avoid storage with paints or paint products. Keep out of reach of children. Wear suitable personal protective equipment when dispensing PolyCyano UV: o Protective gloves; o Dust mask/filtering Face Piece (Class FFP2: EN149); o Eye protection/goggles (Chemical grade: BS2092). 8 (0030/PCY-00/2-03) July 2013
15 Black ceramic tile Black ceramic tile Light Source: White light ( nm) Viewing filter: Not required 4: FURTHER RESULTS Light Source: UV ( nm) Viewing filter: GG420 4: Further Results 9
16 Plastic container Plastic container Light Source: White light ( nm) Viewing filter: Not required Light Source: UV ( nm) Viewing filter: GG (0030/PCY-00/2-03) July 2013
17 Leather bag Leather bag Light Source: White light ( nm) Viewing filter: Not required Light Source: UV ( nm) Viewing filter: GG420 4: Further Results 11
18 Marble tile Marble tile Light Source: White light ( nm) Viewing filter: Not required Light Source: UV ( nm) Viewing filter: GG (0030/PCY-00/2-03) July 2013
19 White plastic bag White plastic bag Light Source: White light ( nm) Viewing filter: Not required Light Source: UV ( nm) Viewing filter: GG420 4: Further Results 13
20 White muesli bag White muesli bag Light Source: White light ( nm) Viewing filter: Not required Light Source: UV ( nm) Viewing filter: GG (0030/PCY-00/2-03) July 2013
21 White leather bag White leather bag Light Source: White light ( nm) Viewing filter: Not required Light Source: UV ( nm) Viewing filter: GG420 4: Further Results 15
22 White plastic bag White plastic bag Light Source: White light ( nm) Viewing filter: Not required Light Source: UV ( nm) Viewing filter: GG (0030/PCY-00/2-03) July 2013
23 Green plastic bag Green plastic bag Light Source: White light ( nm) Viewing filter: Not required Light Source: UV ( nm) Viewing filter: GG420 4: Further Results 17
24 Green plastic bag 18 (0030/PCY-00/2-03) July 2013
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