What is the scale of this vertical aerial photo? Small or large scale??

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1 What is the scale o this vertical aerial photo? Small or large scale??

2 SCALE what does it mean? the relationship between linear distance on a photo (or a map) and the corresponding actual distance on the ground photo scale is a proportional distance the ratio o distance on a photo to distance on the ground one unit on the photo equals x units on the ground (same units-whatever units you want to work in)

3 EXPRESSIONS OF SCALE Representative Fraction (RF) the ratio o the distance on a photo to the actual distance on the ground (unitless ratio) /5,840 or :5,840 Photo Scale Reciprocal () the ratio o the ground distance divided by the photo distance (also unitless) the inverse o RF; e.g. 5,840 Equivalent Scale expressed in units on a photo to the equivalent ground units; e.g. or a o 5,840, 4 in. on a photo equals mile on the ground

4 EXPRESSIONS OF SCALE LARGE IS SMALL! the larger the (denominator o the ratio or RF), the smaller the scale o the photo the larger the area coverage, the smaller the scale o the image SMALL LARGE 64m 3m 4m

5 SCALE DETERMINATION Determine the scale o an airphoto rom:. ocal length ( ) and lying height or altitude above terrain ( H-h ). photo-map distances 3. ground distance

6 FACTORS AFFECTING PHOTO SCALE Focal length o the camera () Flying height above MSL (H) (H-h) Elevation o the terrain above MSL (h) Tilt

7 SCALE DETERMINATION rom ocal length and altitude RF H h H h RF ocal length () = 6in = 0.5t lying ht. above MSL (H) = 8,000t average elev. o terrain above MSL (h) = 80t 8000t 80 t 0.5 t 5840 RF = :5,840

8 ? How ar rom Nutting to the Alond?

9 SCALE DETERMINATION Determine the scale o an airphoto rom:. ocal length ( ) and altitude ( H-h ). photo-map distances 3. ground distance

10 SCALE DETERMINATION rom photo-map distances GD MD* MSR GD PD* MD*MSR PD I you don t know what these terms mean then you probably haven t done the reading!

11 SCALE DETERMINATION rom photo-map distances Photo (PD).58in Topo. Map (MD).64in

12 SCALE DETERMINATION rom photo-map distances MD* MSR PD PD =.58in MD =.64in MSR = 4,000 Find the same two measurement points that correspond rom the photo and map (like two road intersections that are easy to ind) (Given).64in* in RF = :40,000

13 FACTORS AFFECTING PHOTO SCALE Focal length o the camera () Flying height above MSL (H) (H-h) Elevation o the terrain above MSL (h) Tilt

14 H h *altitude (H-h) is constant GD PD* GD PD *? GD 0.75t* t H h 6000t t PD =9in (0.75t) =6in (0.5t) H-h = 6,000t A GD *GD ac A 9000t*9000t * 860ac 43560t GD A

15 H h *altitude (H-h) is constant but is now or t. GD PD* GD PD * GD 0.75t * t H h 6000t 6000 t PD =9in (0.75t) =in (t) H-h = 6,000t A GD *GD ac A 4500t *4500t * 465ac 43560t GD A

16 H h *altitude (H-h) is constant PD =9in (0.75t) PD =9in (0.75t) =in (t) =6in (0.5t) RF RF :000 : 6000 smaller scale larger scale H-h = 6,000t

17 H h *altitude (H-h) is constant GD PD* GD GD 9000t GD 4500t * A GD* GD A 4A GD A 860ac A 465ac A o 000 (RF = :,000) covers twice the linear distance and 4 times the area compared to o 6000 (RF= :6,000) PD =9in (0.75t) PD =9in (0.75t) =in (t) =6in (0.5t) H-h = 6,000t

18

19 FACTORS AFFECTING PHOTO SCALE Focal length o the camera () Flying height above MSL (H) (H-h) Elevation o the terrain above MSL (h) Tilt

20 H h *ocal length ( ) is constant GD PD* GD PD * GD 0.75t* t H h 6000t t PD =9in (0.75t) =6in (0.5t) A GD *GD ac A 9000t*9000t * 860ac 43560t GD A H = 6,000t *elevation (h=0 ) is constant (lat terrain)

21 H h *ocal length ( ) is constant GD PD* PD =9in (0.75t) GD PD * H h 000t t =6in (0.5t) H =,000t GD 0.75t* t A GD *GD ac A 8000t*8000t * 7438ac 43560t GD A *elevation (h=0 ) is constant (lat terrain)

22 H h *ocal length ( =6in) is constant PD =9in (0.75t) PD =9in (0.75t) H =,000t RF RF :000 larger scale : 4000smaller scale H = 6,000t *elevation (h=0 ) is constant (lat terrain)

23 H h *ocal length ( =6in) is constant GD PD* GD GD 9000t GD 8000t.5* 0 GD A GD* GD A 0. 5A A 860ac A 7438ac PD =9in (0.75t) PD =9in (0.75t) H =,000t H = 6,000t *elevation (h=0 ) is constant (lat terrain)

24 FACTORS AFFECTING PHOTO SCALE Focal length o the camera () Flying height above MSL (H) (H-h) Elevation o the terrain above MSL (h) Tilt

25 *ocal length ( ) is constant *lying ht. above MSL (H ) is constant but the terrain elevation changes so lying height above terrain (H-h) changes H H h H-h H-h Objects at higher elevations appear larger on the photo than objects at lower elevations larger scale *elevation (h) is NOT constant (uneven terrain) smaller scale

26 PHOTO SCALE Average vs. point scale:. Average (or nominal) scale between two points, a portion o the photo, an entire photo, several photos, or the whole project except in lat terrain (and no tilt), avg. scale only approximates the actual scale o all points on a photo. Point scale exact scale o a point on the photo at a given elevation

27 POINT SCALE will be more exact than using average or nominal scale, or example, when measuring scale at base o two stands o trees at dierent terrain elevations (h) H=6,000t =6in=0.5t H h H-h H-h H h 6000t 000t 0.5 t 0000 H h 6000t 500t 0.5 t 000 larger scale H =,000t smaller scale

28 FACTORS AFFECTING PHOTO SCALE Focal length o the camera () Flying height above MSL (H) (H-h) Elevation o the terrain above MSL (h) Tilt

29 *ocal length ( ) is constant *lying ht. (H ) is constant *elevation (h) is constant.5in.5in tilted photo -not good or measurements larger scale 000t nadir principal point 000t smaller scale

30 EXPRESSIONS OF SCALE RF MD GD MSR RF MSR GD MD GD MD* MSR GD t in*4,000*,000t in in,000t equivalence

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