Integrating Spheres. Why an Integrating Sphere? High Reflectance. How Do Integrating Spheres Work? High Damage Threshold

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1 1354 MINIS Oriel Integrating Spheres Integrating spheres are ideal optical diffusers; they are used for radiometric measurements where uniform illumination or angular collection is essential, for reflectance and transmittance measurements, or even to mix two light sources. We offer five families of integrating spheres in sizes from 2 to 8 inches (51 to 203 mm), with three coating types to cover the following spectral ranges: Barium Sulfate for nm PTFE for nm Diffuse Gold for mm How Do Integrating Spheres Work? Fig. 1 shows the principle of operation of integrating spheres. Light is collected by an integrating sphere and uniformly reflected and scattered around the sphere s interior so the output is a uniform, spatially integrated field (Lambertian) of radiation which is insensitive to the spatial, angular and polarization changes of the input. Our integrating spheres come with 1.5 Inch Series input and output flanges so they can be mounted to any of our Oriel instruments and components. Integrating Spheres Ideal diffusers; ensure reproducible radiometric measurements Spatially insensitive collection of energy Uniform radiance/irradiance fields for test of sensors 2 to 8 inch sphere sizes Coated with broadband, stable coatings: PTFE ( nm), BaSO 4 ( nm), Gold ( mm) Why an Integrating Sphere? For critical radiometric measurements, always use an integrating sphere; they are close to ideal diffusers. Integrating spheres are considerably more expensive, and suffer similar or higher throughput losses than disk diffusers, but they provide a true cosine response and very repeatable uniform illumination of a spectrometer grating or detector. Disk diffusers are suitable for applications requiring relatively uniform illumination, such as detectors which are not uniformly sensitive across the photosensitive area. High Reflectance Most of our integrating spheres are available with a choice of three interior materials. For VIS-NIR applications choose our barium sulfate-based white coated spheres. The coating is highly reflective, >97% in the visible. For UV, VIS or NIR measurements, we offer spheres with interiors machined from a unique PTFE thermoplastic material that is very rugged and highly reflective down to 250 nm. For applications in the NIR and IR regions our diffuse gold spheres provide nearlambertian characteristics and reflectance values up to 95%. All of our spheres are designed to provide high reflectance, stability and low throughput loss over their usable wavelength range. High Damage Threshold S OUTPUT DIFFUSING BAFFLE Fig. 1 Principle of operation of an integrating sphere. The incoming beam is diffusely reflected inside an integrating sphere. The output port cannot see the region of first impact. The excellent reflectance of our spheres gives them a high damage threshold. Measurements with a pulsed laser at 1.6 mm showed the damage threshold of the coated spheres to be 1.5 W cm -2. The PTFE spheres have an even higher damage threshold of 8 W cm -2, and the gold spheres exhibit a damage threshold of 19 W cm -2. REFLECTANCE (%) REFLECTANCE PTFE REFLECTANCE BaSO THROUGHPUT PTFE 20 THROUGHPUT 10 BaSO WAVELENGTH (nm) Fig. 2 Reflectance and throughput of 4 inch PTFE and BaSO 4 Spheres. THROUGHPUT (%)

2 1355 REFLECTANCE (%) WAVELENGTH (µm) Fig. 3 Reflectance of Diffuse Gold Which Sphere Do I Choose? GOLD We offer five integrating sphere designs with a choice of interior coatings covering the UV-VIS through the IR. Your choice is often a tradeoff between throughput and uniformity needs. For example, our 8 inch spheres give the most uniform output, but suffer the greatest throughput losses due to the large diameter of the sphere. Monochromator Spheres 2 inch interior diameter spheres designed for uniform monochromator, sensor and spectrograph illumination for VIS and NIR. Also used at the output of a monochromator, to uniformly illuminate a single detector or more than one detector. These spheres have excellent diffusing properties, proper baffling to prevent "first strike" radiation from entering the instrument. 1.5 Inch Series flanges and a tapped hole facilitate mounting. Fiber Optic Spheres 4 inch interior diameter integrating spheres for uniform illumination of fiber bundles, or creating a lambertian source with single or multiple fiber inputs Accept SMA fiber adapters (for ST adapters, contact a Sales Engineer) These spheres are a smaller version of the General Purpose Sphere. They are 4 inches in diameter, suitable for small light beams. There are three ports on the equator; two have 11 mm internal diameters to fit any Oriel Fiber Bundle directly. For SMA terminated fibers you will also need the Adapter. The third port is a 1.5 Inch Series male flange. General Purpose Spheres Available in 4 inch and 6 inch interior diameter sizes High lambertian diffuse coating These General Purpose Integrating Spheres are 4 and 6 inches (102 and 152 mm) in diameter. They include standard Oriel 1.5 Inch Series flanges and tapped holes for rod mounting. If you need to couple these spheres to instruments with male flanges (such as a monochromator), order the Coupling Ring. A diagram of the light path for the is shown in Fig. 1. Uniform Light Source Spheres 8 inch interior diameter 2 inch diameter output port For critical uniform illumination applications Turn a light source into an almost perfectly uniform Lambertian emitter Place one of these integrating spheres at the output of a light source and you have an almost perfectly uniform Lambertian, broadband source. Typical radiance uniformity is within 1-2% of the average over the 2 inch (51 mm) diameter exit port as long as the FOV of the imaging system stays on the baffle within the sphere. Irradiance uniformity at the port is also better than 1-2%. For a tunable, uniform light source, couple the sphere to the input of a monochromator (or motorized filter wheel). You'll need the Coupling Ring to attach one of these to an Oriel Monochromator. To make a uniform calibration source with several orders of luminance range, attach a filter wheel with neutral density filters to the sphere's input. The input port of the sphere has a 1.5 Inch Series male flange so it can be mated to an Oriel Light Source. The output port is a 2 inch (51 mm) diameter port frame for simple mounting of samples. Reflectance and Transmittance Spheres 8 inch interior diameter spheres For measurements of specular and diffuse hemispherical reflectance and total transmittance The and are for measurement of specular and diffuse hemispherical reflectance and total transmittance using a 8/D geometry (8 degree beam incidence/diffuse collection). The is good for the VIS-NIR regions and the is good for UV-VIR-NIR (Note the ID of the is ~7.0 ). The spheres have 5 ports: Input port with 1.5 inch series male flange 1.0 Inch sample port, in-line with input port Detector port with 1.5 inch series male flange MINIS S Accept a variety of port plugs and detector adapters 1.0 inch specular exclusion/inclusion port (for light trap or plug) Ideal for universal measurements and mixing two inputs for lambertian sources Additional 2.0 inch port at north pole for comparison measurement technique or center mounted samples (custom holder required; contact a Sales Engineer with your sample requirements). sales@newport.com Web: newport.com

3 1356 A reflectance sample holder with 1 inch (25 mm) diameter, 0.5 inch (13 mm) deep cell holds the sample at 8 to the beam. The clear aperture is 0.7 inch (18 mm). The holder is spring loaded so that square, rectangular or irregular shapes with dimensions up to 2 inches (51 mm) can be held against the sphere wall. (The sample must fill the aperture.) The spring loading allows you to quickly insert and remove the sample and the White Spectral Calibration Disk. Light, which is reflected from the sample strikes the port and is turned 8 degrees to the specular exclusion port. If a plug is at the exclusion port, the light is re-captured in the sphere (specular inclusion total reflectance 8/D). If a light trap is used in the exclusion port, the specular portion of the sample s reflectance is subtracted from the measurement (Specular excluded diffuse only reflectance 8/D allows characterization of gloss ). One exclusion port plug is included with the sphere and one extra port plug is included for the north pole port. Conversely, if the 0 Sample Holder (also included with the and R/T Spheres) is used at the sample port and the input beam is placed behind the sample port, then you can qualify diffuse, normal or total transmittance of samples. If a plug is used at the 1.0 inch port opposite the sample (former input port), then all energy is included in the measurement (total transmittance). If a light trap is used at this port opposite the sample, then the normal transmitted beam (specular transmission) is excluded by the trap (diffuse or normal excluded transmittance allows haze characterizations). Ordering Information Integrating Spheres White Spectral Calibration Disk The is a 1.25 inch (30 mm) diameter, 11 mm thick white Zenith disk, for spectral calibration purposes. It has >95% reflectance from 250 to 2500 nm (>98% from nm), is durable, and is an almost perfect reflecting Lambertian diffuser. It may be lightly abraded to restore performance if it becomes dirty. The measured Hemispherical Reflectance Factor from 250 to 2500 nm is supplied for each disk. This calibration data is traceable to NIST. Accessories Model Description Port Plug, Barium Sulfate Coating, 0.5 inch 70651NS Port Plug, Barium Sulfate Coating, 1.0 inch Port Plug, Barium Sulfate Coating, 1.5 inch Port Plug, Barium Sulfate Coating, 2.0 inch Port Plug, PTFE Coating, 0.5 inch Port Plug, PTFE Coating, 0.5 inch 70656NS 70657NS Port Plug, PTFE Coating, 1.5 inch Port Plug, PTFE Coating, 2.0 inch Port Plug, Diffuse Gold Coating, 0.5 inch Port Plug, Diffuse Gold Coating, 1.0 inch Port Plug, Diffuse Gold Coating, 1.5 inch Port Plug, Diffuse Gold Coating, 2.0 inch Port Adapter, SMA Terminated Fiber White Spectral Calibration Disk, Reflectance/Transmittance Spheres Light Source Coupling Ring, 1.5 Inch Series, Double Female, Set Screw MINIS S Model Description Monochrometer Integrating Sphere, PTFE nm, 2 inch, (2) 1/2 inch Ports Monochrometer Integrating Sphere, Barium Sulfate nm, 2 in, (2) 1/2 in Ports Monochrometer Integrating Sphere, Diffuse Gold mm, 2 in,(2)1/2 in Ports Fiber Optic Integrating Sphere, Barium Sulfate nm, 4 in, (3) 1 in Ports Fiber Optic Integrating Sphere, PTFE nm, 4 inch, (3) 1 inch Ports Fiber Optic Integrating Sphere, Diffuse Gold mm, 4 in, (3)1 in Ports General Purpose Integrating Sphere, Barium Sulfate nm, 4 in, (3) 1 in Ports General Purpose Integrating Sphere, PTFE nm, 4 inch, (3) 1 inch Ports General Purpose Integrating Sphere, Diffuse Gold mm,4 in, (3)1 in Ports General Purpose Integrating Sphere, Barium Sulf nm, 6 in, in Ports General Purpose Integrating Sphere, PTFE nm, 6 in, (3) 1.5 in Ports General Purpose Integrating Sphere,Diffuse Gold mm,6 in,(3)1.5 in Ports Uniform Source Integrating Sphere, Barium Sulfate nm, 8 in, (3) 2 in Ports Uniform Source Integrating Sphere, Diffuse Gold mm, 8 in, (3) 2 in Ports 70679NS Reflectance/Transmittance Sphere, Barium Sulfate nm, 8 in, (5) 1&2 in Ports 70682NS Reflectance/Transmittance Sphere, PTFE nm, 8 in, (5) 1&2 in Ports *PTFE spheres aren t coated; they are machined from a thermoplastic material.

4 1357 Fig 4 Dimensional diagram of Monochromator Integrating Spheres BARIUM SULFATE DIFFUSE GOLD 6.23 (158.2) 4.23 (107.4) FIBER OPTIC INTEGRATING SPHERES PTFE 11 mm FERRULE ADAPTER 11 mm FERRULE ADAPTER 2.44 (61.9) Fig 5 Dimensional diagram of Fiber Optic Integrating Spheres. MOUNTING 2.80 (71.1) MINIS S Fig 6 Dimensional diagram of General Purpose Integrating Spheres. sales@newport.com Web: newport.com

5 BARIUM SULFATE DIFFUSE GOLD 8.73 (222) 8.23 (209) 2.0 INCH APERTURE WITH MOUNTING S LIGHT BAFFLE 4.39 (111.5) Fig 7 Dimensional diagram of Uniform Sources Integrating Spheres. LIGHT TRAP INTER- CHANGEABLE BEAM BARIUM SULFATE AND 70682PTFE R/T SPHERE IN TOTAL HEMISPHERICAL REFLECTANCE MODE SAMPLE HOLDER LIGHT TRAP BARIUM SULFATE AND PTFE R/T SPHERE IN TOTAL HEMISPHERICAL TRANSMITTANCE MODE INTERCHANGEABLE SAMPLE HOLDER BEAM MINIS Fig 8 Diagram of Reflectance/Transmittance Integrating Spheres. See our website WEB for more info S

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