Image Formation Fundamentals

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Image Formation Fundamentals"

Transcription

1 03/04/2017 Image Formation Fundamentals Optical Engineering Prof. Elias N. Glytsis School of Electrical & Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens

2 Imaging Conjugate Points Imaging Limitations Scattering Aberrations Diffraction F. L. Pedrotti and L. S. Pedrotti, Introduction to Optics, 2 nd Ed., Prentice Hall,

3 Perfect Imaging Using Reflective Surfaces Ellipsoid Hyperboloid Paraboloid F. L. Pedrotti and L. S. Pedrotti, Introduction to Optics, 2 nd Ed., Prentice Hall,

4 Perfect Imaging Using Refractive Surfaces Perfect imager 1. Each ray will travel in least time (Fermat). 2. All rays will take the same time (Isochronous). 3. Equal time implies equal nx (optical path length) Cartesian Ovoid y n o P(x,y) n i O I x s o s i 4

5 Perfect Imaging Using Refractive Surfaces Cartesian Ovoids 5

6 Reflection at a Spherical Mirror Sign Conventions (light propagation from left to right) F. L. Pedrotti, L. M. Pedrotti, and L. S. Pedrotti, Introduction to Optics, 3 rd Ed., Pearson-Prentice Hall,

7 Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors Convex Concave 7

8 Real images in a concave mirror A mirror can produce a real image, provided that it is a concave mirror. In this experiment, we use an incandescent lamp as the object, whose image we project onto a vertical white screen. There is a horizontal baffle between the lamp and the screen so that light from the lamp doesn't fall directly on the screen. As we'll show below in the section on Aberration, this cheap mirror is not a good approximation to a parabola, so using its whole area would produce a very distorted image. For that reason, we use a stop (a sheet of black paper) with a small hole to reduce the mirror area. The photo at top left shows a side view, and a schematic lies below. The middle photo was taken from above the mirror, looking towards the lamp and screen. A larger version of this photo is shown at right. In this version, the top half of the photo have been brightened, while the bottom half has been darkened, to show better the details of the lamp and to make it more obvious that the image is inverted. Note that rays of light really do meet at the position of this image, which is why we call it a real image. An incandescent lamp is the object. Its (real) image is projected on a screen via a concave mirror. 8

9 Spherical Mirrors Convex Concave 9

10 Convex Spherical Mirrors Applications 10

11 Refraction at a Spherical Interface Sign Conventions (light propagation from left to right) 11

12 Thin Lens Equation Conventional Converging Lens Conventional Diverging Lens Surrounding medium of the same index n 1 Surrounding medium of the varying index n 1 (left) and n 3 (right) 12

13 Lenses Types Converging Lenses Diverging Lenses 13

14 Thin Lenses Converging Lens Diverging Lens 1: Parallel Ray 2: Chief Ray 3: Focal Ray 14

15 Positive Thin Lens Inverted Object Image s > 2f Reduced Real Object Image 2f > s > f Inverted Enlarged Real Upright Image Object f > s > 0 Enlarged Virtual 15

16 Negative Thin Lens Object F 1 F 2 Image Image is always virtual, upright, and reduced. 16

17 Negative Thin Lens 17

18 Example Imaging with Convex Lenses Image by a convex lens for object placed at different distance from it 18

19 Example Imaging with Convex Lenses Virtual image formed by the convex lens Magnifying Glass 19

20 Example Imaging with Concave Lenses 20

21 Near-Sighted Eye (Myopia) - Correction Too far for near-sighted eye to focus Near-sighted eye can focus on this! 21

22 Far-Sighted Eye (Hyperopia/Presbyopia) - Correction Too close for far-sighted eye to focus Far-sighted eye can focus on this! 22

23 Astigmatic Eye - Correction

24 Elementary ABCD Matrices 0 F. L. Pedrotti, L. M. Pedrotti, and L. S. Pedrotti, Introduction to Optics, 3 rd Ed., Pearson-Prentice Hall,

25 Elementary ABCD Matrices F. L. Pedrotti, L. M. Pedrotti, and L. S. Pedrotti, Introduction to Optics, 3 rd Ed., Pearson-Prentice Hall,

26 Significance of A, B, C, and D Elements D = 0 (First Focal Plane) A = 0 (Second Focal Plane) B = 0 (Imaging System) C = 0 (Telescopic System) F. L. Pedrotti, L. M. Pedrotti, and L. S. Pedrotti, Introduction to Optics, 3 rd Ed., Pearson-Prentice Hall,

27 Principal Planes and Cardinal Points of an Optical System F. L. Pedrotti, L. M. Pedrotti, and L. S. Pedrotti, Introduction to Optics, 3 rd Ed., Pearson-Prentice Hall,

28 Principal Planes of a Converging Lens System Principal Planes of a Thin Lens, a Thick Lens and a Complex Lens 28

29 Principal Planes and Cardinal Points h F 1 F 2 H 1 H 2 ƒ ƒ h s s PP 1 PP 2 29

30 Principal Planes of a Telephoto Lens Nikon 300mm f/4 ED-IF AF Nikkor Distances are in millimeters ED: Extra Low Dispersion Glass (reduce chromatic aberration) IF: Internal Focusing (movement of group of elements with respect to other groups, allows focusing on closer objects AF: Automatic Focusing (Rotating drive shaft through lens mounts moves lens with respect to camera) 30

31 Nikkor 135mm f/2.0 Ais. 31

32 Optical system of a real photographic lens (50mm f/1.8) 32

33 Nikkor 135mm f/2.8 Ais. 33

34 Nikkor 135mm f/2.8 Ais. 34

35 Micro-Nikkor 55mm f/2.8 Ais and AF Micro-Nikkor 55mm f/

36 Micro-Nikkor 55mm f/2.8 Ais and AF Micro-Nikkor 55mm f/

37 General Purpose Imaging Lens System Nikon 50mm (51.6mm) Nikkor-H f/2 Auto lens Distances are in millimeters 37

38 Two Thin-Lenses Example f 1 = 50mm f 2 = 25mm h 1 F 12 F 22 F 11 V 1 F 21 V 2 s 1 = 75mm L = 40mm 38

39 Two Thin-Lenses Example Method of ABCD Matrices Object Plane f 1 = 50mm f 2 = 25mm Image Plane h 1 V 1 V 2 s 1 = 75mm L = 40mm x Optical system of 2 thin lenses 39

40 Two Thin-Lenses Example Method of Cascaded Thin Lenses f 1 = 50mm f 2 = 25mm F 12 F 22 F 11 V 1 F 21 V 2 = = 75mm L = 40mm = 20.37mm = 150mm 40

41 Two Thin-Lenses Example Method of Cardinal Points Object Plane f 1 = 50mm f 2 = 25mm Image Plane r f 2 h 1 H 2 F 1 F 2 H 1 f 1 s 1 = 75mm s L = 40mm Optical system of 2 thin lenses 41

42 Two Thin-Lenses Example Method of Cardinal Points s i = mm Object Plane Image Plane r f 2 h 1 H 1 h 1 H 2 F 1 F 2 f 1 s s o = mm Optical system of 2 thin lenses 42

Image Formation Fundamentals

Image Formation Fundamentals 30/03/2018 Image Formation Fundamentals Optical Engineering Prof. Elias N. Glytsis School of Electrical & Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Imaging Conjugate Points Imaging Limitations

More information

Converging Lenses. Parallel rays are brought to a focus by a converging lens (one that is thicker in the center than it is at the edge).

Converging Lenses. Parallel rays are brought to a focus by a converging lens (one that is thicker in the center than it is at the edge). Chapter 30: Lenses Types of Lenses Piece of glass or transparent material that bends parallel rays of light so they cross and form an image Two types: Converging Diverging Converging Lenses Parallel rays

More information

Converging and Diverging Surfaces. Lenses. Converging Surface

Converging and Diverging Surfaces. Lenses. Converging Surface Lenses Sandy Skoglund 2 Converging and Diverging s AIR Converging If the surface is convex, it is a converging surface in the sense that the parallel rays bend toward each other after passing through the

More information

Lenses. A transparent object used to change the path of light Examples: Human eye Eye glasses Camera Microscope Telescope

Lenses. A transparent object used to change the path of light Examples: Human eye Eye glasses Camera Microscope Telescope SNC2D Lenses A transparent object used to change the path of light Examples: Human eye Eye glasses Camera Microscope Telescope Reading stones used by monks, nuns, and scholars ~1000 C.E. Lenses THERE ARE

More information

Complete the diagram to show what happens to the rays. ... (1) What word can be used to describe this type of lens? ... (1)

Complete the diagram to show what happens to the rays. ... (1) What word can be used to describe this type of lens? ... (1) Q1. (a) The diagram shows two parallel rays of light, a lens and its axis. Complete the diagram to show what happens to the rays. (2) Name the point where the rays come together. (iii) What word can be

More information

Geometric Optics. Ray Model. assume light travels in straight line uses rays to understand and predict reflection & refraction

Geometric Optics. Ray Model. assume light travels in straight line uses rays to understand and predict reflection & refraction Geometric Optics Ray Model assume light travels in straight line uses rays to understand and predict reflection & refraction General Physics 2 Geometric Optics 1 Reflection Law of reflection the angle

More information

Optics Practice. Version #: 0. Name: Date: 07/01/2010

Optics Practice. Version #: 0. Name: Date: 07/01/2010 Optics Practice Date: 07/01/2010 Version #: 0 Name: 1. Which of the following diagrams show a real image? a) b) c) d) e) i, ii, iii, and iv i and ii i and iv ii and iv ii, iii and iv 2. A real image is

More information

Waves & Oscillations

Waves & Oscillations Physics 42200 Waves & Oscillations Lecture 27 Geometric Optics Spring 205 Semester Matthew Jones Sign Conventions > + = Convex surface: is positive for objects on the incident-light side is positive for

More information

Chapter 18 Optical Elements

Chapter 18 Optical Elements Chapter 18 Optical Elements GOALS When you have mastered the content of this chapter, you will be able to achieve the following goals: Definitions Define each of the following terms and use it in an operational

More information

Astronomy 80 B: Light. Lecture 9: curved mirrors, lenses, aberrations 29 April 2003 Jerry Nelson

Astronomy 80 B: Light. Lecture 9: curved mirrors, lenses, aberrations 29 April 2003 Jerry Nelson Astronomy 80 B: Light Lecture 9: curved mirrors, lenses, aberrations 29 April 2003 Jerry Nelson Sensitive Countries LLNL field trip 2003 April 29 80B-Light 2 Topics for Today Optical illusion Reflections

More information

2015 EdExcel A Level Physics EdExcel A Level Physics. Lenses

2015 EdExcel A Level Physics EdExcel A Level Physics. Lenses 2015 EdExcel A Level Physics 2015 EdExcel A Level Physics Topic Topic 5 5 Lenses Types of lenses Converging lens bi-convex has two convex surfaces Diverging lens bi-concave has two concave surfaces Thin

More information

Chapter 23. Mirrors and Lenses

Chapter 23. Mirrors and Lenses Chapter 23 Mirrors and Lenses Mirrors and Lenses The development of mirrors and lenses aided the progress of science. It led to the microscopes and telescopes. Allowed the study of objects from microbes

More information

Geometric Optics Practice Problems. Ray Tracing - Draw at least two principle rays and show the image created by the lens or mirror.

Geometric Optics Practice Problems. Ray Tracing - Draw at least two principle rays and show the image created by the lens or mirror. Geometric Optics Practice Problems Ray Tracing - Draw at least two principle rays and show the image created by the lens or mirror. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Practice Problems - Mirrors Classwork

More information

Algebra Based Physics. Reflection. Slide 1 / 66 Slide 2 / 66. Slide 3 / 66. Slide 4 / 66. Slide 5 / 66. Slide 6 / 66.

Algebra Based Physics. Reflection. Slide 1 / 66 Slide 2 / 66. Slide 3 / 66. Slide 4 / 66. Slide 5 / 66. Slide 6 / 66. Slide 1 / 66 Slide 2 / 66 Algebra Based Physics Geometric Optics 2015-12-01 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 66 Slide 4 / 66 Table of ontents lick on the topic to go to that section Reflection Refraction and Snell's

More information

Chapter 23. Mirrors and Lenses

Chapter 23. Mirrors and Lenses Chapter 23 Mirrors and Lenses Notation for Mirrors and Lenses The object distance is the distance from the object to the mirror or lens Denoted by p The image distance is the distance from the image to

More information

Image Formation. Light from distant things. Geometrical optics. Pinhole camera. Chapter 36

Image Formation. Light from distant things. Geometrical optics. Pinhole camera. Chapter 36 Light from distant things Chapter 36 We learn about a distant thing from the light it generates or redirects. The lenses in our eyes create images of objects our brains can process. This chapter concerns

More information

CHAPTER 18 REFRACTION & LENSES

CHAPTER 18 REFRACTION & LENSES Physics Approximate Timeline Students are expected to keep up with class work when absent. CHAPTER 18 REFRACTION & LENSES Day Plans for the day Assignments for the day 1 18.1 Refraction of Light o Snell

More information

Physics II. Chapter 23. Spring 2018

Physics II. Chapter 23. Spring 2018 Physics II Chapter 23 Spring 2018 IMPORTANT: Except for multiple-choice questions, you will receive no credit if you show only an answer, even if the answer is correct. Always show in the space on your

More information

Ch 24. Geometric Optics

Ch 24. Geometric Optics text concept Ch 24. Geometric Optics Fig. 24 3 A point source of light P and its image P, in a plane mirror. Angle of incidence =angle of reflection. text. Fig. 24 4 The blue dashed line through object

More information

Optics: Lenses & Mirrors

Optics: Lenses & Mirrors Warm-Up 1. A light ray is passing through water (n=1.33) towards the boundary with a transparent solid at an angle of 56.4. The light refracts into the solid at an angle of refraction of 42.1. Determine

More information

Final Reg Optics Review SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Final Reg Optics Review SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Final Reg Optics Review 1) How far are you from your image when you stand 0.75 m in front of a vertical plane mirror? 1) 2) A object is 12 cm in front of a concave mirror, and the image is 3.0 cm in front

More information

Waves & Oscillations

Waves & Oscillations Physics 42200 Waves & Oscillations Lecture 33 Geometric Optics Spring 2013 Semester Matthew Jones Aberrations We have continued to make approximations: Paraxial rays Spherical lenses Index of refraction

More information

Chapter 36. Image Formation

Chapter 36. Image Formation Chapter 36 Image Formation Real and Virtual Images Real images can be displayed on screens Virtual Images can not be displayed onto screens. Focal Length& Radius of Curvature When the object is very far

More information

LECTURE 17 MIRRORS AND THIN LENS EQUATION

LECTURE 17 MIRRORS AND THIN LENS EQUATION LECTURE 17 MIRRORS AND THIN LENS EQUATION 18.6 Image formation with spherical mirrors Concave mirrors Convex mirrors 18.7 The thin-lens equation Sign conventions for lenses and mirrors Spherical mirrors

More information

The Optics of Mirrors

The Optics of Mirrors Use with Text Pages 558 563 The Optics of Mirrors Use the terms in the list below to fill in the blanks in the paragraphs about mirrors. reversed smooth eyes concave focal smaller reflect behind ray convex

More information

Notation for Mirrors and Lenses. Chapter 23. Types of Images for Mirrors and Lenses. More About Images

Notation for Mirrors and Lenses. Chapter 23. Types of Images for Mirrors and Lenses. More About Images Notation for Mirrors and Lenses Chapter 23 Mirrors and Lenses Sections: 4, 6 Problems:, 8, 2, 25, 27, 32 The object distance is the distance from the object to the mirror or lens Denoted by p The image

More information

OPTICS DIVISION B. School/#: Names:

OPTICS DIVISION B. School/#: Names: OPTICS DIVISION B School/#: Names: Directions: Fill in your response for each question in the space provided. All questions are worth two points. Multiple Choice (2 points each question) 1. Which of the

More information

REFLECTION THROUGH LENS

REFLECTION THROUGH LENS REFLECTION THROUGH LENS A lens is a piece of transparent optical material with one or two curved surfaces to refract light rays. It may converge or diverge light rays to form an image. Lenses are mostly

More information

GEOMETRICAL OPTICS Practical 1. Part I. BASIC ELEMENTS AND METHODS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF OPTICAL SYSTEMS

GEOMETRICAL OPTICS Practical 1. Part I. BASIC ELEMENTS AND METHODS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF OPTICAL SYSTEMS GEOMETRICAL OPTICS Practical 1. Part I. BASIC ELEMENTS AND METHODS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF OPTICAL SYSTEMS Equipment and accessories: an optical bench with a scale, an incandescent lamp, matte, a set of

More information

Algebra Based Physics. Reflection. Slide 1 / 66 Slide 2 / 66. Slide 3 / 66. Slide 4 / 66. Slide 5 / 66. Slide 6 / 66.

Algebra Based Physics. Reflection. Slide 1 / 66 Slide 2 / 66. Slide 3 / 66. Slide 4 / 66. Slide 5 / 66. Slide 6 / 66. Slide 1 / 66 Slide 2 / 66 lgebra ased Physics Geometric Optics 2015-12-01 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 66 Slide 4 / 66 Table of ontents lick on the topic to go to that section Reflection Refraction and Snell's

More information

Spherical Mirrors. Concave Mirror, Notation. Spherical Aberration. Image Formed by a Concave Mirror. Image Formed by a Concave Mirror 4/11/2014

Spherical Mirrors. Concave Mirror, Notation. Spherical Aberration. Image Formed by a Concave Mirror. Image Formed by a Concave Mirror 4/11/2014 Notation for Mirrors and Lenses Chapter 23 Mirrors and Lenses The object distance is the distance from the object to the mirror or lens Denoted by p The image distance is the distance from the image to

More information

PHYSICS OPTICS. Mr Rishi Gopie

PHYSICS OPTICS. Mr Rishi Gopie OPTICS Mr Rishi Gopie Ray Optics II Images formed by lens maybe real or virtual and may have different characteristics and locations that depend on: i) The type of lens involved, whether converging or

More information

Chapter 2 - Geometric Optics

Chapter 2 - Geometric Optics David J. Starling Penn State Hazleton PHYS 214 The human eye is a visual system that collects light and forms an image on the retina. The human eye is a visual system that collects light and forms an image

More information

25 cm. 60 cm. 50 cm. 40 cm.

25 cm. 60 cm. 50 cm. 40 cm. Geometrical Optics 7. The image formed by a plane mirror is: (a) Real. (b) Virtual. (c) Erect and of equal size. (d) Laterally inverted. (e) B, c, and d. (f) A, b and c. 8. A real image is that: (a) Which

More information

Option G 2: Lenses. The diagram below shows the image of a square grid as produced by a lens that does not cause spherical aberration.

Option G 2: Lenses. The diagram below shows the image of a square grid as produced by a lens that does not cause spherical aberration. Name: Date: Option G 2: Lenses 1. This question is about spherical aberration. The diagram below shows the image of a square grid as produced by a lens that does not cause spherical aberration. In the

More information

Physics 228 Lecture 3. Today: Spherical Mirrors Lenses.

Physics 228 Lecture 3. Today: Spherical Mirrors Lenses. Physics 228 Lecture 3 Today: Spherical Mirrors Lenses www.physics.rutgers.edu/ugrad/228 a) Santa as he sees himself in a mirrored sphere. b) Santa as he sees himself in a flat mirror after too much eggnog.

More information

Physics 132: Lecture Fundamentals of Physics

Physics 132: Lecture Fundamentals of Physics Physics 132: Lecture Fundamentals of Physics II Agenda for Today Mirrors Concave Convex e Mirror equation Physics 201: Lecture 1, Pg 1 Curved mirrors A Spherical Mirror: section of a sphere. R light ray

More information

SNC2D PHYSICS 5/25/2013. LIGHT & GEOMETRIC OPTICS L Converging & Diverging Lenses (P ) Curved Lenses. Curved Lenses

SNC2D PHYSICS 5/25/2013. LIGHT & GEOMETRIC OPTICS L Converging & Diverging Lenses (P ) Curved Lenses. Curved Lenses SNC2D PHYSICS LIGHT & GEOMETRIC OPTICS L Converging & Diverging Lenses (P.448-450) Curved Lenses We see the world through lenses even if we do not wear glasses or contacts. We all have natural lenses in

More information

c v n = n r Sin n c = n i Refraction of Light Index of Refraction Snell s Law or Refraction Example Problem Total Internal Reflection Optics

c v n = n r Sin n c = n i Refraction of Light Index of Refraction Snell s Law or Refraction Example Problem Total Internal Reflection Optics Refraction is the bending of the path of a light wave as it passes from one material into another material. Refraction occurs at the boundary and is caused by a change in the speed of the light wave upon

More information

PHYS 160 Astronomy. When analyzing light s behavior in a mirror or lens, it is helpful to use a technique called ray tracing.

PHYS 160 Astronomy. When analyzing light s behavior in a mirror or lens, it is helpful to use a technique called ray tracing. Optics Introduction In this lab, we will be exploring several properties of light including diffraction, reflection, geometric optics, and interference. There are two sections to this lab and they may

More information

Test Review # 8. Physics R: Form TR8.17A. Primary colors of light

Test Review # 8. Physics R: Form TR8.17A. Primary colors of light Physics R: Form TR8.17A TEST 8 REVIEW Name Date Period Test Review # 8 Light and Color. Color comes from light, an electromagnetic wave that travels in straight lines in all directions from a light source

More information

Name: Lab Partner: Section:

Name: Lab Partner: Section: Chapter 10 Thin Lenses Name: Lab Partner: Section: 10.1 Purpose In this experiment, the formation of images by concave and convex lenses will be explored. The application of the thin lens equation and

More information

CH. 23 Mirrors and Lenses HW# 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 21, 25, 31, 33, 35

CH. 23 Mirrors and Lenses HW# 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 21, 25, 31, 33, 35 CH. 23 Mirrors and Lenses HW# 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 21, 25, 31, 33, 35 Mirrors Rays of light reflect off of mirrors, and where the reflected rays either intersect or appear to originate from, will be the location

More information

!"#$%&$'()(*'+,&-./,'(0' focal point! parallel rays! converging lens" image of an object in a converging lens" converging lens: 3 easy rays" !

!#$%&$'()(*'+,&-./,'(0' focal point! parallel rays! converging lens image of an object in a converging lens converging lens: 3 easy rays ! !"#$%&$'()(*'+,&-./,'(0' converging lens"! +,7$,$'! 8,9/4&:27'473'+,7$,$'! 84#';%4?.4:27' 1234#5$'126%&$'''! @4=,/4$'! 1",'A.=47'>#,*'+,7$,$'473'B4

More information

Chapter 23. Mirrors and Lenses

Chapter 23. Mirrors and Lenses Chapter 23 Mirrors and Lenses Notation for Mirrors and Lenses The object distance is the distance from the object to the mirror or lens Denoted by p The image distance is the distance from the image to

More information

Chapter 23. Light Geometric Optics

Chapter 23. Light Geometric Optics Chapter 23. Light Geometric Optics There are 3 basic ways to gather light and focus it to make an image. Pinhole - Simple geometry Mirror - Reflection Lens - Refraction Pinhole Camera Image Formation (the

More information

Unit Two: Light Energy Lesson 1: Mirrors

Unit Two: Light Energy Lesson 1: Mirrors 1. Plane mirror: Unit Two: Light Energy Lesson 1: Mirrors Light reflection: It is rebounding (bouncing) light ray in same direction when meeting reflecting surface. The incident ray: The light ray falls

More information

Lecture 2: Geometrical Optics. Geometrical Approximation. Lenses. Mirrors. Optical Systems. Images and Pupils. Aberrations.

Lecture 2: Geometrical Optics. Geometrical Approximation. Lenses. Mirrors. Optical Systems. Images and Pupils. Aberrations. Lecture 2: Geometrical Optics Outline 1 Geometrical Approximation 2 Lenses 3 Mirrors 4 Optical Systems 5 Images and Pupils 6 Aberrations Christoph U. Keller, Leiden Observatory, keller@strw.leidenuniv.nl

More information

Downloaded from

Downloaded from QUESTION BANK SCIENCE STD-X PHYSICS REFLECTION & REFRACTION OF LIGHT (REVISION QUESTIONS) VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE (1 MARK) 1. Out of red and blue lights, for which is the refractive index of glass greater?

More information

Chapter 34: Geometrical Optics (Part 2)

Chapter 34: Geometrical Optics (Part 2) Chapter 34: Geometrical Optics (Part 2) Brief review Optical instruments Camera Human eye Magnifying glass Telescope Microscope Optical Aberrations Phys Phys 2435: 22: Chap. 34, 31, Pg 1 The Lens Equation

More information

Mirrors and Lenses. Images can be formed by reflection from mirrors. Images can be formed by refraction through lenses.

Mirrors and Lenses. Images can be formed by reflection from mirrors. Images can be formed by refraction through lenses. Mirrors and Lenses Images can be formed by reflection from mirrors. Images can be formed by refraction through lenses. Notation for Mirrors and Lenses The object distance is the distance from the object

More information

PHYS:1200 LECTURE 31 LIGHT AND OPTICS (3)

PHYS:1200 LECTURE 31 LIGHT AND OPTICS (3) 1 PHYS:1200 LECTURE 31 LIGHT AND OPTICS (3) In lecture 30, we applied the law of reflection to understand how images are formed using plane and curved mirrors. In this lecture we will use the law of refraction

More information

This experiment is under development and thus we appreciate any and all comments as we design an interesting and achievable set of goals.

This experiment is under development and thus we appreciate any and all comments as we design an interesting and achievable set of goals. Experiment 7 Geometrical Optics You will be introduced to ray optics and image formation in this experiment. We will use the optical rail, lenses, and the camera body to quantify image formation and magnification;

More information

Chapter 29/30. Wave Fronts and Rays. Refraction of Sound. Dispersion in a Prism. Index of Refraction. Refraction and Lenses

Chapter 29/30. Wave Fronts and Rays. Refraction of Sound. Dispersion in a Prism. Index of Refraction. Refraction and Lenses Chapter 29/30 Refraction and Lenses Refraction Refraction the bending of waves as they pass from one medium into another. Caused by a change in the average speed of light. Analogy A car that drives off

More information

PHYSICS 289 Experiment 8 Fall Geometric Optics II Thin Lenses

PHYSICS 289 Experiment 8 Fall Geometric Optics II Thin Lenses PHYSICS 289 Experiment 8 Fall 2005 Geometric Optics II Thin Lenses Please look at the chapter on lenses in your text before this lab experiment. Please submit a short lab report which includes answers

More information

Chapter 36. Image Formation

Chapter 36. Image Formation Chapter 36 Image Formation Image of Formation Images can result when light rays encounter flat or curved surfaces between two media. Images can be formed either by reflection or refraction due to these

More information

Lecture 3: Geometrical Optics 1. Spherical Waves. From Waves to Rays. Lenses. Chromatic Aberrations. Mirrors. Outline

Lecture 3: Geometrical Optics 1. Spherical Waves. From Waves to Rays. Lenses. Chromatic Aberrations. Mirrors. Outline Lecture 3: Geometrical Optics 1 Outline 1 Spherical Waves 2 From Waves to Rays 3 Lenses 4 Chromatic Aberrations 5 Mirrors Christoph U. Keller, Leiden Observatory, keller@strw.leidenuniv.nl Lecture 3: Geometrical

More information

Introduction. Geometrical Optics. Milton Katz State University of New York. VfeWorld Scientific New Jersey London Sine Singapore Hong Kong

Introduction. Geometrical Optics. Milton Katz State University of New York. VfeWorld Scientific New Jersey London Sine Singapore Hong Kong Introduction to Geometrical Optics Milton Katz State University of New York VfeWorld Scientific «New Jersey London Sine Singapore Hong Kong TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii xiv CHAPTER 1:

More information

30 Lenses. Lenses change the paths of light.

30 Lenses. Lenses change the paths of light. Lenses change the paths of light. A light ray bends as it enters glass and bends again as it leaves. Light passing through glass of a certain shape can form an image that appears larger, smaller, closer,

More information

Lecture 2: Geometrical Optics. Geometrical Approximation. Lenses. Mirrors. Optical Systems. Images and Pupils. Aberrations.

Lecture 2: Geometrical Optics. Geometrical Approximation. Lenses. Mirrors. Optical Systems. Images and Pupils. Aberrations. Lecture 2: Geometrical Optics Outline 1 Geometrical Approximation 2 Lenses 3 Mirrors 4 Optical Systems 5 Images and Pupils 6 Aberrations Christoph U. Keller, Leiden Observatory, keller@strw.leidenuniv.nl

More information

Name. Light Chapter Summary Cont d. Refraction

Name. Light Chapter Summary Cont d. Refraction Page 1 of 17 Physics Week 12(Sem. 2) Name Light Chapter Summary Cont d with a smaller index of refraction to a material with a larger index of refraction, the light refracts towards the normal line. Also,

More information

Phy 212: General Physics II

Phy 212: General Physics II Phy 212: General Physics II Chapter 34: Images Lecture Notes Geometrical (Ray) Optics Geometrical Optics is an approximate treatment o light waves as straight lines (rays) or the description o image ormation

More information

King Saud University College of Science Physics & Astronomy Dept.

King Saud University College of Science Physics & Astronomy Dept. King Saud University College of Science Physics & Astronomy Dept. PHYS 111 (GENERAL PHYSICS 2) CHAPTER 36: Image Formation LECTURE NO. 9 Presented by Nouf Saad Alkathran 36.1 Images Formed by Flat Mirrors

More information

Phy Ph s y 102 Lecture Lectur 21 Optical instruments 1

Phy Ph s y 102 Lecture Lectur 21 Optical instruments 1 Phys 102 Lecture 21 Optical instruments 1 Today we will... Learn how combinations of lenses form images Thin lens equation & magnification Learn about the compound microscope Eyepiece & objective Total

More information

INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT SENIOR SECTION DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS CLASS X REFLECTION AND REFRACTION OF LIGHT QUESTION BANK

INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT SENIOR SECTION DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS CLASS X REFLECTION AND REFRACTION OF LIGHT QUESTION BANK INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT SENIOR SECTION DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS CLASS X REFLECTION AND REFRACTION OF LIGHT QUESTION BANK 1. Q. A small candle 2.5cm in size is placed at 27 cm in front of concave mirror of radius

More information

Chapter 24 Geometrical Optics. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 24 Geometrical Optics. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 24 Geometrical Optics Lenses convex (converging) concave (diverging) Mirrors Ray Tracing for Mirrors We use three principal rays in finding the image produced by a curved mirror. The parallel ray

More information

Condition Mirror Refractive Lens Concave Focal Length Positive Focal Length Negative. Image distance positive

Condition Mirror Refractive Lens Concave Focal Length Positive Focal Length Negative. Image distance positive Comparison between mirror lenses and refractive lenses Condition Mirror Refractive Lens Concave Focal Length Positive Focal Length Negative Convex Focal Length Negative Focal Length Positive Image location

More information

Lecture 17. Image formation Ray tracing Calculation. Lenses Convex Concave. Mirrors Convex Concave. Optical instruments

Lecture 17. Image formation Ray tracing Calculation. Lenses Convex Concave. Mirrors Convex Concave. Optical instruments Lecture 17. Image formation Ray tracing Calculation Lenses Convex Concave Mirrors Convex Concave Optical instruments Image formation Laws of refraction and reflection can be used to explain how lenses

More information

L 32 Light and Optics [2] The rainbow. Why is it a rain BOW? Atmospheric scattering. Different colors are refracted (bent) by different amounts

L 32 Light and Optics [2] The rainbow. Why is it a rain BOW? Atmospheric scattering. Different colors are refracted (bent) by different amounts L 32 Light and Optics [2] Measurements of the speed of light The bending of light refraction Total internal reflection Dispersion Dispersion Rainbows Atmospheric scattering Blue sky and red sunsets Mirrors

More information

Laboratory 7: Properties of Lenses and Mirrors

Laboratory 7: Properties of Lenses and Mirrors Laboratory 7: Properties of Lenses and Mirrors Converging and Diverging Lens Focal Lengths: A converging lens is thicker at the center than at the periphery and light from an object at infinity passes

More information

Phys 102 Lecture 21 Optical instruments

Phys 102 Lecture 21 Optical instruments Phys 102 Lecture 21 Optical instruments 1 Today we will... Learn how combinations of lenses form images Thin lens equation & magnification Learn about the compound microscope Eyepiece & objective Total

More information

Chapter 36. Image Formation

Chapter 36. Image Formation Chapter 36 Image Formation Notation for Mirrors and Lenses The object distance is the distance from the object to the mirror or lens Denoted by p The image distance is the distance from the image to the

More information

Chapter 34 Geometric Optics (also known as Ray Optics) by C.-R. Hu

Chapter 34 Geometric Optics (also known as Ray Optics) by C.-R. Hu Chapter 34 Geometric Optics (also known as Ray Optics) by C.-R. Hu 1. Principles of image formation by mirrors (1a) When all length scales of objects, gaps, and holes are much larger than the wavelength

More information

COURSE NAME: PHOTOGRAPHY AND AUDIO VISUAL PRODUCTION (VOCATIONAL) FOR UNDER GRADUATE (FIRST YEAR)

COURSE NAME: PHOTOGRAPHY AND AUDIO VISUAL PRODUCTION (VOCATIONAL) FOR UNDER GRADUATE (FIRST YEAR) COURSE NAME: PHOTOGRAPHY AND AUDIO VISUAL PRODUCTION (VOCATIONAL) FOR UNDER GRADUATE (FIRST YEAR) PAPER TITLE: BASIC PHOTOGRAPHIC UNIT - 3 : SIMPLE LENS TOPIC: LENS PROPERTIES AND DEFECTS OBJECTIVES By

More information

Determination of Focal Length of A Converging Lens and Mirror

Determination of Focal Length of A Converging Lens and Mirror Physics 41 Determination of Focal Length of A Converging Lens and Mirror Objective: Apply the thin-lens equation and the mirror equation to determine the focal length of a converging (biconvex) lens and

More information

OPTICAL SYSTEMS OBJECTIVES

OPTICAL SYSTEMS OBJECTIVES 101 L7 OPTICAL SYSTEMS OBJECTIVES Aims Your aim here should be to acquire a working knowledge of the basic components of optical systems and understand their purpose, function and limitations in terms

More information

Activity 6.1 Image Formation from Spherical Mirrors

Activity 6.1 Image Formation from Spherical Mirrors PHY385H1F Introductory Optics Practicals Day 6 Telescopes and Microscopes October 31, 2011 Group Number (number on Intro Optics Kit):. Facilitator Name:. Record-Keeper Name: Time-keeper:. Computer/Wiki-master:..

More information

LENSES. a. To study the nature of image formed by spherical lenses. b. To study the defects of spherical lenses.

LENSES. a. To study the nature of image formed by spherical lenses. b. To study the defects of spherical lenses. Purpose Theory LENSES a. To study the nature of image formed by spherical lenses. b. To study the defects of spherical lenses. formation by thin spherical lenses s are formed by lenses because of the refraction

More information

10.2 Images Formed by Lenses SUMMARY. Refraction in Lenses. Section 10.1 Questions

10.2 Images Formed by Lenses SUMMARY. Refraction in Lenses. Section 10.1 Questions 10.2 SUMMARY Refraction in Lenses Converging lenses bring parallel rays together after they are refracted. Diverging lenses cause parallel rays to move apart after they are refracted. Rays are refracted

More information

mirrors and lenses PHY232 Remco Zegers Room W109 cyclotron building

mirrors and lenses PHY232 Remco Zegers Room W109 cyclotron building mirrors and lenses PHY232 Remco Zegers zegers@nscl.msu.edu Room W109 cyclotron building http://www.nscl.msu.edu/~zegers/phy232.html quiz (extra credit) a ray of light moves from air to a material with

More information

Chapter 23. Geometrical Optics: Mirrors and Lenses and other Instruments

Chapter 23. Geometrical Optics: Mirrors and Lenses and other Instruments Chapter 23 Geometrical Optics: Mirrors and Lenses and other Instruments HITT 1 You stand two feet away from a plane mirror. How far is it from you to your image? a. 2.0 ft b. 3.0 ft c. 4.0 ft d. 5.0 ft

More information

2. The radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is 20 cm. What is its focal length?

2. The radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is 20 cm. What is its focal length? 1. Define the principle focus of a concave mirror? The principle focus of a concave mirror is a point on its principle axis to which all the light rays which are parallel and close to the axis, converge

More information

Lenses. Optional Reading Stargazer: the life and times of the TELESCOPE, Fred Watson (Da Capo 2004).

Lenses. Optional Reading Stargazer: the life and times of the TELESCOPE, Fred Watson (Da Capo 2004). Lenses Equipment optical bench, incandescent light source, laser, No 13 Wratten filter, 3 lens holders, cross arrow, diffuser, white screen, case of lenses etc., vernier calipers, 30 cm ruler, meter stick

More information

Where should the fisherman aim? The fish is not moving.

Where should the fisherman aim? The fish is not moving. Where should the fisherman aim? The fish is not moving. When a wave hits a boundary it can Reflect Refract Reflect and Refract Be Absorbed Refraction The change in speed and direction of a wave Due to

More information

Lecture 21. Physics 1202: Lecture 21 Today s Agenda

Lecture 21. Physics 1202: Lecture 21 Today s Agenda Physics 1202: Lecture 21 Today s Agenda Announcements: Team problems today Team 14: Gregory Desautels, Benjamin Hallisey, Kyle Mcginnis Team 15: Austin Dion, Nicholas Gandza, Paul Macgillis-Falcon Homework

More information

AP Physics Problems -- Waves and Light

AP Physics Problems -- Waves and Light AP Physics Problems -- Waves and Light 1. 1974-3 (Geometric Optics) An object 1.0 cm high is placed 4 cm away from a converging lens having a focal length of 3 cm. a. Sketch a principal ray diagram for

More information

Lab 11: Lenses and Ray Tracing

Lab 11: Lenses and Ray Tracing Name: Lab 11: Lenses and Ray Tracing Group Members: Date: TA s Name: Materials: Ray box, two different converging lenses, one diverging lens, screen, lighted object, three stands, meter stick, two letter

More information

Class-X Assignment (Chapter-10) Light-Reflection & Refraction

Class-X Assignment (Chapter-10) Light-Reflection & Refraction Class-X Assignment (Chapter-10) Light-Reflection & Refraction Q 1. How does light enable us to see an object? Q 2. What is a concave mirror? Q 3. What is the relationship between focal length and radius

More information

UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND EXTERNAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND EXTERNAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND EXTERNAL STUDIES COURSE TITLE: BED (SCIENCE) UNIT TITLE: WAVES AND OPTICS UNIT CODE: SPH 103 UNIT AUTHOR: PROF. R.O. GENGA DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS UNIVERSITY

More information

Reading: Lenses and Mirrors; Applications Key concepts: Focal points and lengths; real images; virtual images; magnification; angular magnification.

Reading: Lenses and Mirrors; Applications Key concepts: Focal points and lengths; real images; virtual images; magnification; angular magnification. Reading: Lenses and Mirrors; Applications Key concepts: Focal points and lengths; real images; virtual images; magnification; angular magnification. 1.! Questions about objects and images. Can a virtual

More information

Chapter 26. The Refraction of Light: Lenses and Optical Instruments

Chapter 26. The Refraction of Light: Lenses and Optical Instruments Chapter 26 The Refraction of Light: Lenses and Optical Instruments 26.1 The Index of Refraction Light travels through a vacuum at a speed c=3. 00 10 8 m/ s Light travels through materials at a speed less

More information

28 Thin Lenses: Ray Tracing

28 Thin Lenses: Ray Tracing 28 Thin Lenses: Ray Tracing A lens is a piece of transparent material whose surfaces have been shaped so that, when the lens is in another transparent material (call it medium 0), light traveling in medium

More information

ii) When light falls on objects, it reflects the light and when the reflected light reaches our eyes then we see the objects.

ii) When light falls on objects, it reflects the light and when the reflected light reaches our eyes then we see the objects. Light i) Light is a form of energy which helps us to see objects. ii) When light falls on objects, it reflects the light and when the reflected light reaches our eyes then we see the objects. iii) Light

More information

Physics 1202: Lecture 19 Today s Agenda

Physics 1202: Lecture 19 Today s Agenda Physics 1202: Lecture 19 Today s Agenda Announcements: Team problems today Team 12: Kervell Baird, Matthew George, Derek Schultz Team 13: Paxton Stowik, Stacey Ann Burke Team 14: Gregory Desautels, Benjamin

More information

Chapter 34 Geometric Optics

Chapter 34 Geometric Optics Chapter 34 Geometric Optics Lecture by Dr. Hebin Li Goals of Chapter 34 To see how plane and curved mirrors form images To learn how lenses form images To understand how a simple image system works Reflection

More information

Dr. Todd Satogata (ODU/Jefferson Lab) Monday, April

Dr. Todd Satogata (ODU/Jefferson Lab)  Monday, April University Physics 227N/232N Mirrors and Lenses Homework Optics 2 due Friday AM Quiz Friday Optional review session next Monday (Apr 28) Bring Homework Notebooks to Final for Grading Dr. Todd Satogata

More information

Light sources can be natural or artificial (man-made)

Light sources can be natural or artificial (man-made) Light The Sun is our major source of light Light sources can be natural or artificial (man-made) People and insects do not see the same type of light - people see visible light - insects see ultraviolet

More information

Types of lenses. Shown below are various types of lenses, both converging and diverging.

Types of lenses. Shown below are various types of lenses, both converging and diverging. Types of lenses Shown below are various types of lenses, both converging and diverging. Any lens that is thicker at its center than at its edges is a converging lens with positive f; and any lens that

More information

Reflection and Refraction of Light

Reflection and Refraction of Light Reflection and Refraction of Light Physics 102 28 March 2002 Lecture 6 28 Mar 2002 Physics 102 Lecture 6 1 Light waves and light rays Last time we showed: Time varying B fields E fields B fields to create

More information

Lecture Outline Chapter 27. Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Lecture Outline Chapter 27. Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Outline Chapter 27 Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker Chapter 27 Optical Instruments Units of Chapter 27 The Human Eye and the Camera Lenses in Combination and Corrective Optics The Magnifying

More information