OPAC 202 Optical Design and Inst.
|
|
- Clinton Oliver
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 OPAC 202 Optical Design and Inst. Topic 9 Aberrations Department of Optical & Acustical Engineering Gaziantep University Apr 2018 Sayfa 1
2 Introduction The influences which cause different rays to converge to different points are called aberrations. Aberration leads to blurring of the image produced by an image-forming optical system. Optical Instrument-makers need to correct optical systems to compensate for aberration. Sayfa 2
3 First Order Optics The paraxial formulas developed earlier for image formation by spherical reflecting and refracting surfaces are, of course, only approximately correct. Rays that arrive small angles with respect to optical axis are known as paraxial rays. In paraxial optics, we use of the following approximate (1st order) Taylor expansions: sin tan cos 1 1/ 2 (1 x) 1 x / Paraxial theory is first studied by Gauss in Paraxial Optics = First Order Optics = Gaussian Optics 2 Sayfa 3
4 Third Order Optics Mathematically, the power expansions for the sine and cosine functions, given by: Taking first order terms in the expansion results in perfect imaging. Inclusion of higher-order terms in the derivations, predicts increasingly larger departures from perfect imaging with increasing angle. These departures are referred to as aberrations When the next term involving is included in the approximation for sin(x), a third-order aberration theory results. Sayfa 4
5 Third Order Optics The aberrations have been studied and classified by the German mathematician Ludwig von Seidel and are referred to as third-order or Seidel aberrations. For monochromatic light, there are five Seidel aberrations: spherical aberration coma astigmatism curvature of field distortion An additional aberration, chromatic aberration, results from the wavelength dependence of the imaging properties of an optical system. Sayfa 5
6 Third-Order Treatment of Refraction at a Spherical Interface Sayfa 6
7 Seidel Coefficients For the derivation of Seidel Coefficients see Chapter 20 3 rd Ed [Pedrotti]. Sayfa 7
8 Seidel Coefficients Using third order optics, aberrations at point Q is given by: These terms comprise the five monochromatic, or Seidel, aberrations, as follows: Sayfa 8
9 Ray and Wave Aberrations Consider two wavefronts are shown emerging from an optical system. W 1 = spherical wavefront representing paraxial approximation W 2 = the actual wavefront, an aspherical envelope whose shape represents an exact solution of the optical system LI = Longitudinal Aberration (LA) IS = Transverse Aberration (TA) Sayfa 9
10 Spherical Aberrations (SA) Figures given below illustrate spherical aberrations for parallel rays. Rays are converged to different points instead of a single focal point. Sayfa 10
11 Longitudinal & Transverse Aberrations in Lens For ray R: LA = Paraxial distance Trigonometric distance = OA - OB TA = LA tan(u) [U is the angle with the principle axis]. Sayfa 11
12 Longitudinal & Transverse Aberrations Sayfa 12
13 Longitudinal & Transverse Aberrations The spherical aberration of a system is usually represented graphically. Longitudinal spherical is plotted against the ray height. Transverse spherical is plotted against the final slope of the ray, Sayfa 13
14 Example* Plano-convex lens: R = 40.0 cm D = 12.0 cm h = 4.0 cm n = 1.5 (a) Find the effective focal length (paraxial focal length) (b) Find the locations of principle planes. (b) Find longitudinal and transverse spherical aberrations. (c) Plot h vs LA and h vs TA graphs. [Ans: f = 80 cm, LA = cm, TA = cm]. What if you change the orientation of the lens? (That is to say, curved face will look at the incoming ray) Repeat case (a), (b), (c) and (d). Sayfa 14
15 Example* (Plots) Sayfa 15
16 Longitudinal & Transverse Aberrations in Mirror For ray R: LA = Paraxial distance Trigonometric distance = OA - OB TA = LA tan(u) [U is the angle with the principle axis]. Sayfa 16
17 To overcome the spherical aberration in mirrors, parabolic reflecting surface rather than a spherical surface is used. Parallel light rays incident on a parabolic surface focus at a common point, regardless of their distance from the principal axis. Parabolic reflecting surfaces are used in many astronomical telescopes to enhance image quality. Sayfa 17
18 A parabolic solar dish The mirror of the Hubble Space Telescope Sayfa 18
19 Optical Path Length Fermat s Principle of Least Time Light takes the path which requires the shortest time. Law of reflection: and Law of refraction: sin1 n2 sin can be derived from this principle. n 2 Sayfa 19
20 Optical Path Length Optical Path Length for a light beam is defined as follows: or OPL = (index of refraction) * (path travelled by light) OPL n s * If there are a number of mediums then OPL n 1 s 1 * If the medium consists of continues materials then: OPL nds n 2 s 2 n k s k k i1 n i s i Sayfa 20
21 Optical Path Length and Fermat s Principle Distance travelled by light in optical medium index of refraction n, is s v t Or time travelled by light in the same medium t s v s c / n ns c OPL c where c is the speed of light in vacuum which is a constant. Fermat s principle is related to optimum time. That is, Fermat s principle is equivalently related to optimum OPL. So, last form of the Fermat s principle is: Light travels in medium such that its total optical path length is optimum. Sayfa 21
22 Derivation of parabolic mirror Show that paralel rays can only be focused to a common point if one uses a parabolic surface. Sayfa 22
23 Derivation of Hyperbolic surface for a lens Determine the aspherical surface for a plano-hyperbolic collimator as follow: Sayfa 23
24 Surface Sag An important property of an optical surface is sag. Exact definition is: sag R R 2 y 2 When you measure y and sag, You can determine radius R. Note that if y<< R, one can show that sag 2 y 2R Sayfa 24
25 Aspheric Surfaces Consider a circle whose center is a origin of y-z plane. The equation of the circle is: z 2 y 2 R 2 If you translate the center to the right then z 2 2zR y 2 0 Sayfa 25
26 Aspheric Surfaces An equation that defines a conic asphere is: (1 k) z 2 2zR y 2 0 k is conic constant: k = 0 sphere k = -1 parabola k< -1 hyperbola k>0 or -1<k<0 ellipse % matlab m-file to plot % conic sections k = -1; R = 100; z = 0:0.1:R; y2 = 2*z*R - (1+k)*z.^2; plot(z, sqrt(y2)) hold on plot(z,-sqrt(y2)) grid on Sayfa 26
27 Sayfa 27
28 Aspheric Surfaces Most of the optical surfaces are spherical since they are easy to manufacture and measure (using spherometer). To reduce spherical aberration one way is to use a aspherical surface which is much harder to make and measure. Two examples are: 1. Usually primary mirrors of reflecting telescopes are parabolic. 2. Some camera lenses use injection-molded plastic glass elements which are aspheric. Sayfa 28
29 Example usage of aspheric surfaces in Zemax EX1: Single concave mirror with spherical mirror with parabolic mirror EX2: Cassegrain telescope with two sherical mirrors with primary mirror is prabolic and secondary is hyperbolic EX3: Single plano-convex lens with sherical refracting surface with hyperbolical refracting surface with elliptical refracting surface Sayfa 29
30 Reduction of S.A. in Zemax EX1: Single bi-convex lens Spherical aberration is proportional to 4 th power of aperture size. For R1 = R2 = 50 mm, ct = 5 mm, glass = BK7, λ = 550 nm. Aperture Size SPHA The smaller diameter The smaller spherical aberration Sayfa 30
31 Reduction of S.A. in Zemax EX2: Optimize lens radii * Start with R1 = R2 = 90 mm, ct=5mm, gla=bk7, λ=587nm, AS = 40 mm. * Target effl = 300 mm. * R1 and R2 are varible. Go to MFE: Click Optimize -> SPHA becomes 1% (initially 70%). Sayfa 31
32 Coddington shape factor Lens s maker formula for thin lens: 1 f 1 ( n 1)[ R 1 R Various choices of the radii of curvature, while not changing the focal length, may have a large effect on the degree of spherical aberration of the lens ] s o s i A measure of this bending is the Coddington shape factor: R R 2 2 R R 1 1 Bending of a single lens into various shapes having the same focal length. Sayfa 32
33 Coddington shape factor σ is determined by the physical shape of the lens. Also, Coddington position factor is sefined by: P s s s i = image distance to lens s o = onject distance to lens. i i When s o = inf then s i = f and P = -1, incident light is parallel. Note that, spherical Aberration is minimum when* s s o o 2( n 1) n 2 2 P To find the best form of the lens having minimum S.A. R 1 2 f ( n 1) 1 R 2 f ( n 1) 1 * Proof of this equation can be found in some text books. 2 Sayfa 33
34 Example Determine the radii of curvatures of a lens of f = +100 mm, n = 1.5, which for parallel incident light has minimum spherical aberration Solution: Position factor: P s s i i s s o o Optimum shape factor 2 2( n 1) n 2 P 2 2(1.5 1) ( 1) Radii of curvatures: R R 2 f ( n 1) f ( n 1) mm mm Sayfa 34
35 Coma Coma is an off-axial aberration. Coma increases rapidly as the third power of the lens aperture. Sayfa 35
36 Coma Coma can be reduced by placing an aperture stop after the second surface. Sayfa 36
37 Example Consider a bi-convex lens, R1 = R2 = 100 mm, ct=5mm, glass=bk7, λ=632.8 nm and Field angle is 5 o. Using Zemax, (a) Plot comatic aberration vs aperture stop size for a fixed aperture position. (b) Plot comatic aberration vs aperture stop position for a fixed aperture size. Sayfa 37
38 Other Types of Aberrations Distortion is a deviation from rectilinear projection. Coma refers to aberration due to imperfection in the lens. Astigmatism is one where rays that propagate in two perpendicular planes have different focal lengths. This is due to manufacturing the lens. Sayfa 38
39 Monochromatic Aberration vs stop shift Sayfa 39
40 Zemax: Seidel Coefficients Analysis > Aberration Coefficients > Seidel Coefficients Displays Seidel (unconverted, transverse, and longitudinal), and Wavefront aberration coefficients. The Seidel coefficients are listed surface by surface, spherical aberration (SPHA, S1), coma (COMA, S2), astigmatism (ASTI, S3), field curvature (FCUR, S4), distortion (DIST, S5), longitudinal color (CLA, CL), and transverse color (CTR, CT). The units are always the same as the system lens units. Sayfa 40
41 Zemax: OPD Fan Analysis > Fans > Optical Path OPD Fan is a plot of the optical path difference as a function of pupil coordinate. In a perfect optical system, the optical path of the wavefront will be identical to that of an aberration-free spherical wavefront in the exit pupil. Try this for paraxial and non paraxial lens in Zemax. Sayfa 41
42 Zemax: Ray Fan Plots Analysis > Fans > Ray Aberrations The Ray Fan plots ray aberrations as a function of pupil coordinate. Generally, a given ray which passes through the optical system an onto the image surface, its point of intersection falls on some small but nonzero distance away from the chief ray. Once again, in a perfect optical system, the ray aberrations should be zero across the pupil. chief ray, or principal ray, is the central ray in this bundle of rays. Sayfa 42
43 Zemax: Ray Fan Plots Sayfa 43
44 Zemax: Ray Fan Plots Sayfa 44
45 Zemax: Ray Fan Plots Sayfa 45
46 Zemax: Ray Fan Plots Sayfa 46
47 Zemax: Ray Fan Plots Sayfa 47
48 Zemax: Ray Fan Plots Sayfa 48
49 Zemax: Ray Fan Plots Sayfa 49
50 Zemax: Ray Fan Plots Sayfa 50
51 Chromatic Aberrations (CA) A lens will not focus different colors in exactly the same place. CA occurs because lenses have a different refractive index for different wavelengths of light (the dispersion of the lens). v c n( ) violet red Sayfa 51
52 Sayfa 52
53 In Zemax [Wav] -> F,d,C (Visible) [Gen] -> Entrance pupil = 20 mm Tools -> Miscellaneous -> Quick Focus Sayfa 53
54 Example Figure shows a equiconvex lens made up of a BK7. Determine the distance (x) between paraxial focal lengths for the Fraunhofer F and C lines. Use Zemax for R = 100 mm, ct = 8 mm and D = 20 mm. Sayfa 54
55 One way to minimize this aberration is to use glasses of different dispersion in a doublet or other combination. The use of a strong positive lens made from a low dispersion glass like crown glass (n<1.6) coupled with a weaker high dispersion glass like flint glass (n>1.6) can correct the chromatic aberration for two colors, e.g., red and blue. Such doublets are often cemented together and called achromat. An achromatic lens (or achromat) is designed to limit the effects of chromatic and spherical aberration. Sayfa 55
56 Sayfa 56
57 Example Figure shows an achromatic lens consisting of a bi-convex crown glass (BK7) and a bi-concave flint glass (SF5) where radius of curvature is R = 10 cm. Find the distance between paraxial focal lengths for blue and red rays with and without flint glass. Ans: Δf (BK7) = cm Δf (BK7 + SF5) = cm Glass Refractive Index 400 nm 700 nm BK7 : SF5 : Sayfa 57
58 Optimum Doublet Consider achromatic doublet in contact. If the focal lengths of the two (thin) lenses for light at the yellow Fraunhofer D-line (587.6 nm) are f 1 and f 2, then best correction occurs for the condition: f 1 V1 f2 V2 where V 1 and V 2 are the Abbe numbers of the materials of the first and second lenses, respectively. Since Abbe numbers are positive, one of the focal lengths must be negative. 0 Note that if f is the focal length of the for system D-line, then: 1 f V1 V V f 1 V2 f2 V2 V [Prove these relations in the class] 1 1 f Sayfa 58
59 Optimum Doublet Alternatively, one can also show that (for D-lines): P V P 1 2 P2 V1 1 V1 P V V Geometric factors: ( Pi 1/ fi ) P 2 V2 P V V 2 1 K 1 P1 n 1 1 K 2 P2 n 1 2 For simplicity one can select r 11 = r 12. Then radii of curvature: r 12 r 11 r21 r12 r 22 r12 1 K r 2 12 [Matlab code can be written] Sayfa 59
60 Example (Pedrotti 3 rd Ed.) Consider 520/636 crown glass and 617/366 flint glass are used in designing an achromat of focal length 15 cm. Equations lead to lenses with radii of curvature given by: r 11 = cm r 12 = cm r 21 = cm r 22 = cm Sayfa 60
61 Example (Pedrotti 3 rd Ed.) Consider 520/636 crown glass and 617/366 flint glass are used in designing an achromat of focal length 15 cm. Equations lead to lenses with radii of curvature given by: r 11 = cm r 12 = cm r 21 = cm r 22 = cm Sayfa 61
62 Optimum Doublet Design using Matlab % achromat lens design clear; clc; F = 500; % target system focal length P = 1/F; % Lens 1 nd1 = ; nf1 = ; nc1 = ; V1 = (nd1-1)/(nf1-nc1); t1 = 4; n1 = nd1; % Lens 2 nd2 = ; nf2 = ; nc2 = ; V2 = (nd2-1)/(nf2-nc2); t2 = 3; n2 = nd2; % powers P1 = -P*V1/(V2-V1); P2 = +P*V2/(V2-V1); K1 = P1/(n1-1); K2 = P2/(n2-1); % radii of curvatures r11 = F/2 % usually F/2 (suggested) Output r11 = 250 r12 = -250 r21 = -250 r22 = Goodness = r12 = -r11 r21 = r12 r22 = r12/(1-k2*r12) % Pers performance Goodness = P1*V1 + P2*V2 % You can also print focal lengths for F, D and C lines separately % like in the table on page 56 of these slides. Sayfa 62
63 Exercise ZEMAX Analysis: Kidger Triplet at: Sayfa 63
Waves & Oscillations
Physics 42200 Waves & Oscillations Lecture 33 Geometric Optics Spring 2013 Semester Matthew Jones Aberrations We have continued to make approximations: Paraxial rays Spherical lenses Index of refraction
More informationLecture 2: Geometrical Optics. Geometrical Approximation. Lenses. Mirrors. Optical Systems. Images and Pupils. Aberrations.
Lecture 2: Geometrical Optics Outline 1 Geometrical Approximation 2 Lenses 3 Mirrors 4 Optical Systems 5 Images and Pupils 6 Aberrations Christoph U. Keller, Leiden Observatory, keller@strw.leidenuniv.nl
More informationLecture 2: Geometrical Optics. Geometrical Approximation. Lenses. Mirrors. Optical Systems. Images and Pupils. Aberrations.
Lecture 2: Geometrical Optics Outline 1 Geometrical Approximation 2 Lenses 3 Mirrors 4 Optical Systems 5 Images and Pupils 6 Aberrations Christoph U. Keller, Leiden Observatory, keller@strw.leidenuniv.nl
More informationSequential Ray Tracing. Lecture 2
Sequential Ray Tracing Lecture 2 Sequential Ray Tracing Rays are traced through a pre-defined sequence of surfaces while travelling from the object surface to the image surface. Rays hit each surface once
More informationPerformance Factors. Technical Assistance. Fundamental Optics
Performance Factors After paraxial formulas have been used to select values for component focal length(s) and diameter(s), the final step is to select actual lenses. As in any engineering problem, this
More informationLens Design I. Lecture 3: Properties of optical systems II Herbert Gross. Summer term
Lens Design I Lecture 3: Properties of optical systems II 207-04-20 Herbert Gross Summer term 207 www.iap.uni-jena.de 2 Preliminary Schedule - Lens Design I 207 06.04. Basics 2 3.04. Properties of optical
More informationLens Design I. Lecture 3: Properties of optical systems II Herbert Gross. Summer term
Lens Design I Lecture 3: Properties of optical systems II 205-04-8 Herbert Gross Summer term 206 www.iap.uni-jena.de 2 Preliminary Schedule 04.04. Basics 2.04. Properties of optical systrems I 3 8.04.
More informationLecture 4: Geometrical Optics 2. Optical Systems. Images and Pupils. Rays. Wavefronts. Aberrations. Outline
Lecture 4: Geometrical Optics 2 Outline 1 Optical Systems 2 Images and Pupils 3 Rays 4 Wavefronts 5 Aberrations Christoph U. Keller, Leiden University, keller@strw.leidenuniv.nl Lecture 4: Geometrical
More informationLecture 3: Geometrical Optics 1. Spherical Waves. From Waves to Rays. Lenses. Chromatic Aberrations. Mirrors. Outline
Lecture 3: Geometrical Optics 1 Outline 1 Spherical Waves 2 From Waves to Rays 3 Lenses 4 Chromatic Aberrations 5 Mirrors Christoph U. Keller, Leiden Observatory, keller@strw.leidenuniv.nl Lecture 3: Geometrical
More informationCh 24. Geometric Optics
text concept Ch 24. Geometric Optics Fig. 24 3 A point source of light P and its image P, in a plane mirror. Angle of incidence =angle of reflection. text. Fig. 24 4 The blue dashed line through object
More informationGeometric optics & aberrations
Geometric optics & aberrations Department of Astrophysical Sciences University AST 542 http://www.northerneye.co.uk/ Outline Introduction: Optics in astronomy Basics of geometric optics Paraxial approximation
More informationAdvanced Lens Design
Advanced Lens Design Lecture 3: Aberrations I 214-11-4 Herbert Gross Winter term 214 www.iap.uni-jena.de 2 Preliminary Schedule 1 21.1. Basics Paraxial optics, imaging, Zemax handling 2 28.1. Optical systems
More informationApplied Optics. , Physics Department (Room #36-401) , ,
Applied Optics Professor, Physics Department (Room #36-401) 2290-0923, 019-539-0923, shsong@hanyang.ac.kr Office Hours Mondays 15:00-16:30, Wednesdays 15:00-16:30 TA (Ph.D. student, Room #36-415) 2290-0921,
More informationLens Design I Seminar 1
Xiang Lu, Ralf Hambach Friedrich Schiller University Jena Institute of Applied Physics Albert-Einstein-Str 15 07745 Jena Lens Design I Seminar 1 Warm-Up (20min) Setup a single, symmetric, biconvex lens
More information1.1 Singlet. Solution. a) Starting setup: The two radii and the image distance is chosen as variable.
1 1.1 Singlet Optimize a single lens with the data λ = 546.07 nm, object in the distance 100 mm from the lens on axis only, focal length f = 45 mm and numerical aperture NA = 0.07 in the object space.
More informationTelecentric Imaging Object space telecentricity stop source: edmund optics The 5 classical Seidel Aberrations First order aberrations Spherical Aberration (~r 4 ) Origin: different focal lengths for different
More informationChapter 3. Introduction to Zemax. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Zemax
Chapter 3 Introduction to Zemax 3.1 Introduction Ray tracing is practical only for paraxial analysis. Computing aberrations and diffraction effects are time consuming. Optical Designers need some popular
More informationBig League Cryogenics and Vacuum The LHC at CERN
Big League Cryogenics and Vacuum The LHC at CERN A typical astronomical instrument must maintain about one cubic meter at a pressure of
More informationOptical Systems: Pinhole Camera Pinhole camera: simple hole in a box: Called Camera Obscura Aristotle discussed, Al-Hazen analyzed in Book of Optics
Optical Systems: Pinhole Camera Pinhole camera: simple hole in a box: Called Camera Obscura Aristotle discussed, Al-Hazen analyzed in Book of Optics 1011CE Restricts rays: acts as a single lens: inverts
More informationGEOMETRICAL OPTICS AND OPTICAL DESIGN
GEOMETRICAL OPTICS AND OPTICAL DESIGN Pantazis Mouroulis Associate Professor Center for Imaging Science Rochester Institute of Technology John Macdonald Senior Lecturer Physics Department University of
More informationIntroduction to Optical Modeling. Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena Institute of Applied Physics. Lecturer: Prof. U.D. Zeitner
Introduction to Optical Modeling Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena Institute of Applied Physics Lecturer: Prof. U.D. Zeitner The Nature of Light Fundamental Question: What is Light? Newton Huygens / Maxwell
More informationExam Preparation Guide Geometrical optics (TN3313)
Exam Preparation Guide Geometrical optics (TN3313) Lectures: September - December 2001 Version of 21.12.2001 When preparing for the exam, check on Blackboard for a possible newer version of this guide.
More informationSome lens design methods. Dave Shafer David Shafer Optical Design Fairfield, CT #
Some lens design methods Dave Shafer David Shafer Optical Design Fairfield, CT 06824 #203-259-1431 shaferlens@sbcglobal.net Where do we find our ideas about how to do optical design? You probably won t
More informationAstronomy 80 B: Light. Lecture 9: curved mirrors, lenses, aberrations 29 April 2003 Jerry Nelson
Astronomy 80 B: Light Lecture 9: curved mirrors, lenses, aberrations 29 April 2003 Jerry Nelson Sensitive Countries LLNL field trip 2003 April 29 80B-Light 2 Topics for Today Optical illusion Reflections
More informationMirrors and Lenses. Images can be formed by reflection from mirrors. Images can be formed by refraction through lenses.
Mirrors and Lenses Images can be formed by reflection from mirrors. Images can be formed by refraction through lenses. Notation for Mirrors and Lenses The object distance is the distance from the object
More informationLens Design I Seminar 5
Y. Sekman, X. Lu, H. Gross Friedrich Schiller University Jena Institute of Applied Physics Albert-Einstein-Str 15 07745 Jena Lens Design I Seminar 5 Exercise 5-1: PSF scaling (Homework) To check the Airy
More informationChapter 18 Optical Elements
Chapter 18 Optical Elements GOALS When you have mastered the content of this chapter, you will be able to achieve the following goals: Definitions Define each of the following terms and use it in an operational
More informationWaves & Oscillations
Physics 42200 Waves & Oscillations Lecture 27 Geometric Optics Spring 205 Semester Matthew Jones Sign Conventions > + = Convex surface: is positive for objects on the incident-light side is positive for
More informationOptimisation. Lecture 3
Optimisation Lecture 3 Objectives: Lecture 3 At the end of this lecture you should: 1. Understand the use of Petzval curvature to balance lens components 2. Know how different aberrations depend on field
More informationChapter Ray and Wave Optics
109 Chapter Ray and Wave Optics 1. An astronomical telescope has a large aperture to [2002] reduce spherical aberration have high resolution increase span of observation have low dispersion. 2. If two
More informationIntroduction. Geometrical Optics. Milton Katz State University of New York. VfeWorld Scientific New Jersey London Sine Singapore Hong Kong
Introduction to Geometrical Optics Milton Katz State University of New York VfeWorld Scientific «New Jersey London Sine Singapore Hong Kong TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii xiv CHAPTER 1:
More informationOptical Design with Zemax for PhD
Optical Design with Zemax for PhD Lecture 7: Optimization II 26--2 Herbert Gross Winter term 25 www.iap.uni-jena.de 2 Preliminary Schedule No Date Subject Detailed content.. Introduction 2 2.2. Basic Zemax
More informationR.B.V.R.R. WOMEN S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) Narayanaguda, Hyderabad.
R.B.V.R.R. WOMEN S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) Narayanaguda, Hyderabad. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS QUESTION BANK FOR SEMESTER III PAPER III OPTICS UNIT I: 1. MATRIX METHODS IN PARAXIAL OPTICS 2. ABERATIONS UNIT II
More informationEP118 Optics. Content TOPIC 9 ABERRATIONS. Department of Engineering Physics University of Gaziantep. 1. Introduction. 2. Spherical Aberrations
EP118 Optics TOPI 9 ABERRATIONS Department o Engineering Physics Uniersity o Gaziantep July 2011 Saya 1 ontent 1. Introduction 2. Spherical Aberrations 3. hromatic Aberrations 4. Other Types o Aberrations
More informationEE119 Introduction to Optical Engineering Spring 2002 Final Exam. Name:
EE119 Introduction to Optical Engineering Spring 2002 Final Exam Name: SID: CLOSED BOOK. FOUR 8 1/2 X 11 SHEETS OF NOTES, AND SCIENTIFIC POCKET CALCULATOR PERMITTED. TIME ALLOTTED: 180 MINUTES Fundamental
More informationOptical Design with Zemax
Optical Design with Zemax Lecture : Correction II 3--9 Herbert Gross Summer term www.iap.uni-jena.de Correction II Preliminary time schedule 6.. Introduction Introduction, Zemax interface, menues, file
More informationCardinal Points of an Optical System--and Other Basic Facts
Cardinal Points of an Optical System--and Other Basic Facts The fundamental feature of any optical system is the aperture stop. Thus, the most fundamental optical system is the pinhole camera. The image
More informationOPTICAL IMAGING AND ABERRATIONS
OPTICAL IMAGING AND ABERRATIONS PARTI RAY GEOMETRICAL OPTICS VIRENDRA N. MAHAJAN THE AEROSPACE CORPORATION AND THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SPIE O P T I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G P R E S S A
More informationLaboratory experiment aberrations
Laboratory experiment aberrations Obligatory laboratory experiment on course in Optical design, SK2330/SK3330, KTH. Date Name Pass Objective This laboratory experiment is intended to demonstrate the most
More informationAverage: Standard Deviation: Max: 99 Min: 40
1 st Midterm Exam Average: 83.1 Standard Deviation: 12.0 Max: 99 Min: 40 Please contact me to fix an appointment, if you took less than 65. Chapter 33 Lenses and Op/cal Instruments Units of Chapter 33
More informationINDEX OF REFRACTION index of refraction n = c/v material index of refraction n
INDEX OF REFRACTION The index of refraction (n) of a material is the ratio of the speed of light in vacuuo (c) to the speed of light in the material (v). n = c/v Indices of refraction for any materials
More informationChapter 23. Mirrors and Lenses
Chapter 23 Mirrors and Lenses Mirrors and Lenses The development of mirrors and lenses aided the progress of science. It led to the microscopes and telescopes. Allowed the study of objects from microbes
More informationExercise 1 - Lens bending
Exercise 1 - Lens bending Most of the aberrations change with the bending of a lens. This is demonstrated in this exercise. a) Establish a lens with focal length f = 100 mm made of BK7 with thickness 5
More informationINTRODUCTION TO ABERRATIONS IN OPTICAL IMAGING SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION TO ABERRATIONS IN OPTICAL IMAGING SYSTEMS JOSE SASIÄN University of Arizona ШШ CAMBRIDGE Щ0 UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface Acknowledgements Harold H. Hopkins Roland V. Shack Symbols 1 Introduction
More informationSupplemental Materials. Section 25. Aberrations
OTI-201/202 Geometrical and Instrumental Optics 25-1 Supplemental Materials Section 25 Aberrations Aberrations of the Rotationally Symmetric Optical System First-order or paraxial systems are ideal optical
More informationTutorial Zemax Introduction 1
Tutorial Zemax Introduction 1 2012-07-17 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Exercise 1-1: Stair-mirror-setup... 1 1.2 Exercise 1-2: Symmetrical 4f-system... 5 1 Introduction 1.1 Exercise 1-1: Stair-mirror-setup Setup
More informationChapters 1 & 2. Definitions and applications Conceptual basis of photogrammetric processing
Chapters 1 & 2 Chapter 1: Photogrammetry Definitions and applications Conceptual basis of photogrammetric processing Transition from two-dimensional imagery to three-dimensional information Automation
More informationOpti 415/515. Introduction to Optical Systems. Copyright 2009, William P. Kuhn
Opti 415/515 Introduction to Optical Systems 1 Optical Systems Manipulate light to form an image on a detector. Point source microscope Hubble telescope (NASA) 2 Fundamental System Requirements Application
More informationChapter 23. Mirrors and Lenses
Chapter 23 Mirrors and Lenses Notation for Mirrors and Lenses The object distance is the distance from the object to the mirror or lens Denoted by p The image distance is the distance from the image to
More informationStudy on Imaging Quality of Water Ball Lens
2017 2nd International Conference on Mechatronics and Information Technology (ICMIT 2017) Study on Imaging Quality of Water Ball Lens Haiyan Yang1,a,*, Xiaopan Li 1,b, 1,c Hao Kong, 1,d Guangyang Xu and1,eyan
More informationOptical System Design
Phys 531 Lecture 12 14 October 2004 Optical System Design Last time: Surveyed examples of optical systems Today, discuss system design Lens design = course of its own (not taught by me!) Try to give some
More informationTutorial Zemax 9: Physical optical modelling I
Tutorial Zemax 9: Physical optical modelling I 2012-11-04 9 Physical optical modelling I 1 9.1 Gaussian Beams... 1 9.2 Physical Beam Propagation... 3 9.3 Polarization... 7 9.4 Polarization II... 11 9 Physical
More informationECEG105/ECEU646 Optics for Engineers Course Notes Part 4: Apertures, Aberrations Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University Fall 2008
ECEG105/ECEU646 Optics for Engineers Course Notes Part 4: Apertures, Aberrations Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University Fall 2008 July 2003+ Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 11270-04-1
More informationChapter 36. Image Formation
Chapter 36 Image Formation Image of Formation Images can result when light rays encounter flat or curved surfaces between two media. Images can be formed either by reflection or refraction due to these
More informationTutorial Zemax 8: Correction II
Tutorial Zemax 8: Correction II 2012-10-11 8 Correction II 1 8.1 High-NA Collimator... 1 8.2 Zoom-System... 6 8.3 New Achromate and wide field system... 11 8 Correction II 8.1 High-NA Collimator An achromatic
More informationLong Wave Infrared Scan Lens Design And Distortion Correction
Long Wave Infrared Scan Lens Design And Distortion Correction Item Type text; Electronic Thesis Authors McCarron, Andrew Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright is held by the author. Digital
More informationSection A Conceptual and application type questions. 1 Which is more observable diffraction of light or sound? Justify. (1)
INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT Department of Physics Class : XII Physics Worksheet - 6 (2017-2018) Chapter 9 and 10 : Ray Optics and wave Optics Section A Conceptual and application type questions 1 Which is more
More informationNotation for Mirrors and Lenses. Chapter 23. Types of Images for Mirrors and Lenses. More About Images
Notation for Mirrors and Lenses Chapter 23 Mirrors and Lenses Sections: 4, 6 Problems:, 8, 2, 25, 27, 32 The object distance is the distance from the object to the mirror or lens Denoted by p The image
More informationCHAPTER 1 Optical Aberrations
CHAPTER 1 Optical Aberrations 1.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter starts with the concepts of aperture stop and entrance and exit pupils of an optical imaging system. Certain special rays, such as the chief
More informationIMAGE SENSOR SOLUTIONS. KAC-96-1/5" Lens Kit. KODAK KAC-96-1/5" Lens Kit. for use with the KODAK CMOS Image Sensors. November 2004 Revision 2
KODAK for use with the KODAK CMOS Image Sensors November 2004 Revision 2 1.1 Introduction Choosing the right lens is a critical aspect of designing an imaging system. Typically the trade off between image
More informationName. Light Chapter Summary Cont d. Refraction
Page 1 of 17 Physics Week 12(Sem. 2) Name Light Chapter Summary Cont d with a smaller index of refraction to a material with a larger index of refraction, the light refracts towards the normal line. Also,
More informationComputer exercise 2 geometrical optics and the telescope
Computer exercise 2 geometrical optics and the telescope In this exercise, you will learn more of the tools included in Synopsys, including how to find system specifications such as focal length and F-number.
More informationChapter 36. Image Formation
Chapter 36 Image Formation Notation for Mirrors and Lenses The object distance is the distance from the object to the mirror or lens Denoted by p The image distance is the distance from the image to the
More informationLens Design I. Lecture 10: Optimization II Herbert Gross. Summer term
Lens Design I Lecture : Optimization II 5-6- Herbert Gross Summer term 5 www.iap.uni-jena.de Preliminary Schedule 3.. Basics.. Properties of optical systrems I 3 7.5..5. Properties of optical systrems
More informationConverging Lenses. Parallel rays are brought to a focus by a converging lens (one that is thicker in the center than it is at the edge).
Chapter 30: Lenses Types of Lenses Piece of glass or transparent material that bends parallel rays of light so they cross and form an image Two types: Converging Diverging Converging Lenses Parallel rays
More informationExam questions OPTI 517. Only a calculator and a single sheet of paper, 8 X11, with formulas will be allowed during the exam.
Exam questions OPTI 517 Only a calculator an a single sheet of paper, 8 X11, with formulas will be allowe uring the exam. 1) A single optical spherical surface oes not contribute spherical aberration.
More informationCOURSE NAME: PHOTOGRAPHY AND AUDIO VISUAL PRODUCTION (VOCATIONAL) FOR UNDER GRADUATE (FIRST YEAR)
COURSE NAME: PHOTOGRAPHY AND AUDIO VISUAL PRODUCTION (VOCATIONAL) FOR UNDER GRADUATE (FIRST YEAR) PAPER TITLE: BASIC PHOTOGRAPHIC UNIT - 3 : SIMPLE LENS TOPIC: LENS PROPERTIES AND DEFECTS OBJECTIVES By
More informationPHYSICS FOR THE IB DIPLOMA CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Option C Imaging C Introduction to imaging Learning objectives In this section we discuss the formation of images by lenses and mirrors. We will learn how to construct images graphically as well as algebraically.
More informationImage Formation. Light from distant things. Geometrical optics. Pinhole camera. Chapter 36
Light from distant things Chapter 36 We learn about a distant thing from the light it generates or redirects. The lenses in our eyes create images of objects our brains can process. This chapter concerns
More informationAP Physics Problems -- Waves and Light
AP Physics Problems -- Waves and Light 1. 1974-3 (Geometric Optics) An object 1.0 cm high is placed 4 cm away from a converging lens having a focal length of 3 cm. a. Sketch a principal ray diagram for
More informationWhy is There a Black Dot when Defocus = 1λ?
Why is There a Black Dot when Defocus = 1λ? W = W 020 = a 020 ρ 2 When a 020 = 1λ Sag of the wavefront at full aperture (ρ = 1) = 1λ Sag of the wavefront at ρ = 0.707 = 0.5λ Area of the pupil from ρ =
More informationLens Design I. Lecture 10: Optimization II Herbert Gross. Summer term
Lens Design I Lecture : Optimization II 8-6- Herbert Gross Summer term 8 www.iap.uni-jena.de Preliminary Schedule - Lens Design I 8.4. Basics 9.4. Properties of optical systems I 3 6.4. Properties of optical
More informationCHAPTER 33 ABERRATION CURVES IN LENS DESIGN
CHAPTER 33 ABERRATION CURVES IN LENS DESIGN Donald C. O Shea Georgia Institute of Technology Center for Optical Science and Engineering and School of Physics Atlanta, Georgia Michael E. Harrigan Eastman
More informationLenses Design Basics. Introduction. RONAR-SMITH Laser Optics. Optics for Medical. System. Laser. Semiconductor Spectroscopy.
Introduction Optics Application Lenses Design Basics a) Convex lenses Convex lenses are optical imaging components with positive focus length. After going through the convex lens, parallel beam of light
More informationOptical Components for Laser Applications. Günter Toesko - Laserseminar BLZ im Dezember
Günter Toesko - Laserseminar BLZ im Dezember 2009 1 Aberrations An optical aberration is a distortion in the image formed by an optical system compared to the original. It can arise for a number of reasons
More informationChapter 23. Light Geometric Optics
Chapter 23. Light Geometric Optics There are 3 basic ways to gather light and focus it to make an image. Pinhole - Simple geometry Mirror - Reflection Lens - Refraction Pinhole Camera Image Formation (the
More informationIndex. B Back focal length, 12 Beam expander, 35 Berek, Max, 244 Binary phase grating, 326 Buried surface, 131,
About the Author The author studied Technical Physics at the Technical University of Delft, The Netherlands. He obtained a master s degree in 1965 with a thesis on the fabrication of lasers. After military
More informationAlgebra Based Physics. Reflection. Slide 1 / 66 Slide 2 / 66. Slide 3 / 66. Slide 4 / 66. Slide 5 / 66. Slide 6 / 66.
Slide 1 / 66 Slide 2 / 66 Algebra Based Physics Geometric Optics 2015-12-01 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 66 Slide 4 / 66 Table of ontents lick on the topic to go to that section Reflection Refraction and Snell's
More informationMirrors, Lenses &Imaging Systems
Mirrors, Lenses &Imaging Systems We describe the path of light as straight-line rays And light rays from a very distant point arrive parallel 145 Phys 24.1 Mirrors Standing away from a plane mirror shows
More informationClassical Optical Solutions
Petzval Lens Enter Petzval, a Hungarian mathematician. To pursue a prize being offered for the development of a wide-field fast lens system he enlisted Hungarian army members seeing a distraction from
More informationLens Design I. Lecture 5: Advanced handling I Herbert Gross. Summer term
Lens Design I Lecture 5: Advanced handling I 2018-05-17 Herbert Gross Summer term 2018 www.iap.uni-jena.de 2 Preliminary Schedule - Lens Design I 2018 1 12.04. Basics 2 19.04. Properties of optical systems
More informationOPTICAL SYSTEMS OBJECTIVES
101 L7 OPTICAL SYSTEMS OBJECTIVES Aims Your aim here should be to acquire a working knowledge of the basic components of optical systems and understand their purpose, function and limitations in terms
More information25 cm. 60 cm. 50 cm. 40 cm.
Geometrical Optics 7. The image formed by a plane mirror is: (a) Real. (b) Virtual. (c) Erect and of equal size. (d) Laterally inverted. (e) B, c, and d. (f) A, b and c. 8. A real image is that: (a) Which
More informationChapter 29/30. Wave Fronts and Rays. Refraction of Sound. Dispersion in a Prism. Index of Refraction. Refraction and Lenses
Chapter 29/30 Refraction and Lenses Refraction Refraction the bending of waves as they pass from one medium into another. Caused by a change in the average speed of light. Analogy A car that drives off
More informationAST Lab exercise: aberrations
AST2210 - Lab exercise: aberrations 1 Introduction This lab exercise will take you through the most common types of aberrations. 2 Chromatic aberration Chromatic aberration causes lens to have dierent
More informationOptical Design with Zemax for PhD - Basics
Optical Design with Zemax for PhD - Basics Lecture 3: Properties of optical sstems II 2013-05-30 Herbert Gross Summer term 2013 www.iap.uni-jena.de 2 Preliminar Schedule No Date Subject Detailed content
More informationCHAPTER 18 REFRACTION & LENSES
Physics Approximate Timeline Students are expected to keep up with class work when absent. CHAPTER 18 REFRACTION & LENSES Day Plans for the day Assignments for the day 1 18.1 Refraction of Light o Snell
More informationPhysics II. Chapter 23. Spring 2018
Physics II Chapter 23 Spring 2018 IMPORTANT: Except for multiple-choice questions, you will receive no credit if you show only an answer, even if the answer is correct. Always show in the space on your
More informationSUBJECT: PHYSICS. Use and Succeed.
SUBJECT: PHYSICS I hope this collection of questions will help to test your preparation level and useful to recall the concepts in different areas of all the chapters. Use and Succeed. Navaneethakrishnan.V
More informationChapter 23. Geometrical Optics: Mirrors and Lenses and other Instruments
Chapter 23 Geometrical Optics: Mirrors and Lenses and other Instruments HITT 1 You stand two feet away from a plane mirror. How far is it from you to your image? a. 2.0 ft b. 3.0 ft c. 4.0 ft d. 5.0 ft
More informationExercises Advanced Optical Design Part 5 Solutions
2014-12-09 Manuel Tessmer M.Tessmer@uni-jena.dee Minyi Zhong minyi.zhong@uni-jena.de Herbert Gross herbert.gross@uni-jena.de Friedrich Schiller University Jena Institute of Applied Physics Albert-Einstein-Str.
More informationMagnification, stops, mirrors More geometric optics
Magnification, stops, mirrors More geometric optics D. Craig 2005-02-25 Transverse magnification Refer to figure 5.22. By convention, distances above the optical axis are taken positive, those below, negative.
More informationCH. 23 Mirrors and Lenses HW# 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 21, 25, 31, 33, 35
CH. 23 Mirrors and Lenses HW# 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 21, 25, 31, 33, 35 Mirrors Rays of light reflect off of mirrors, and where the reflected rays either intersect or appear to originate from, will be the location
More informationThe optical analysis of the proposed Schmidt camera design.
The optical analysis of the proposed Schmidt camera design. M. Hrabovsky, M. Palatka, P. Schovanek Joint Laboratory of Optics of Palacky University and Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of
More informationSPIE. Lens Design Fundamentals PRESS. Second Edition RUDOLF KINGSLAKE R. BARRY JOHNSON
Lens Design Fundamentals Second Edition RUDOLF KINGSLAKE R. BARRY JOHNSON AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO Academic Press is an imprint
More informationii) When light falls on objects, it reflects the light and when the reflected light reaches our eyes then we see the objects.
Light i) Light is a form of energy which helps us to see objects. ii) When light falls on objects, it reflects the light and when the reflected light reaches our eyes then we see the objects. iii) Light
More informationChapter 34 Geometric Optics (also known as Ray Optics) by C.-R. Hu
Chapter 34 Geometric Optics (also known as Ray Optics) by C.-R. Hu 1. Principles of image formation by mirrors (1a) When all length scales of objects, gaps, and holes are much larger than the wavelength
More informationR 1 R 2 R 3. t 1 t 2. n 1 n 2
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 2.71/2.710 Optics Spring 14 Problem Set #2 Posted Feb. 19, 2014 Due Wed Feb. 26, 2014 1. (modified from Pedrotti 18-9) A positive thin lens of focal length 10cm is
More informationAberrations of a lens
Aberrations of a lens 1. What are aberrations? A lens made of a uniform glass with spherical surfaces cannot form perfect images. Spherical aberration is a prominent image defect for a point source on
More informationECEN 4606, UNDERGRADUATE OPTICS LAB
ECEN 4606, UNDERGRADUATE OPTICS LAB Lab 2: Imaging 1 the Telescope Original Version: Prof. McLeod SUMMARY: In this lab you will become familiar with the use of one or more lenses to create images of distant
More information