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1 INTRNATIONAL STANDARD ISO CI S 007/ First edition Corrected and reprinted rythema refence action spectrum and standard ythema dose Spectre d'action érythémale de référence et dose érythémale normalisée Refence numb ISO 17166:1999() ISO 1999

2 ISO 17166:1999() PDF disclaim This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the comput pforming the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept thein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the Genal Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation paramets we optimized for printing. vy care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO memb bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 1999 All rights resved. Unless othwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without pmission in writing from eith ISO at the address below or ISO's memb body in the country of the request. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel Fax mail copyright@iso.ch Web Printed in Switzland ii ISO 1999 All rights resved

3 ISO 17166:1999() Foreword ISO (the Intnational Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide fedation of national standards bodies (ISO memb bodies). The work of preparing Intnational Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. ach memb body intested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Intnational organizations, govnmental and nongovnmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Intnational lectrotechnical Commission (IC) on all matts of electrotechnical standardization. Intnational Standard ISO was prepared as Standard CI S 007/ by the Intnational Commission on Illumination, which has been recognized by the ISO Council as an intnational standardizing body. It was adopted by ISO und a special procedure which requires approval by at least 75 % of the memb bodies casting a vote, and is published as a joint ISO/CI edition. The Intnational Commission on Illumination (abbreviated as CI from its French title) is an organization devoted to intnational coopation and exchange of information among its memb countries on all matts relating to the science and art of lighting. Annex A of this Intnational Standard is for information only. ISO 1999 All rights resved iii

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5 Standard ISO 17166:1999() rythema Refence Action Spectrum and Standard rythema Dose Spectre d action ithémale de référence et dose ithémale normalisée rythemale Refenzwirkungsfunktion und standardisite rythemdosis CI Standards are copyrighted and shall not be reproduced in any form, entirely or partly, without the explicit agreement of the CI. CI Central Bureau, S 007/ Kegelgasse 27, A-1030 Vienna, Austria UDC: Descriptor: Optical radiation effects on humans Protection of the skin ISO 1999 All rights resved v

6 ISO 17166:1999() Contents Foreword 1 1. Introduction 1 2. Scope 1 3. Normative refences 1 4. Definitions 2 5. The concept of ythemal irradiance and dose rythemal effective irradiance The ythema action spectrum The standard ythema dose (ythemal quantity and radiometric equivalence) 3 Annex A: Bibliography (Non-normative annex) 4 CI, 1998 vi ISO 1999 All rights resved

7 ISO 17166:1999() Foreword Standards produced by the Commission Intnationale de l Éclairage (CI) are a concise documentation of data defining aspects of light and lighting, for which intnational harmony requires such unique definition. CI Standards are thefore a primary source of intnationally accepted and agreed data, which can be taken, essentially unalted, into univsal standard systems. The CI undtook a major review of its official recommendations on photobiological effects, their dose relationships and measurement. Based on these investigations the present standard describes present day knowledge of the subject. This Standard has been approved by the National Committees of the CI and supsedes the recommendations made in Publication CI 106/ (reprint from CI-Journal 6/ ) A refence action spectrum for ultraviolet induced ythema in human skin. This CI Standard reflects present day knowledge of UV radiation effect on humans, specially ythema, but does not absolve those carrying out expiments with humans from their responsibility for the safety and well being of the subjects involved. 1. Introduction The problem of dosimetry in skin photobiology lies in the fact that the ability of ultraviolet (UV) radiation to elicit ythema in human skin depends strongly on wavelength, encompassing a range of four ords of magnitude between 250 nm and 400 nm. Thus a statement that a subject received an exposure dose of 1 J cm -2 (10 4 J m -2 ) of UV radiation conveys nothing about the consequences of that exposure in tms of ythema. If the radiation source was a UVA fluorescent lamp, no ythemal response would be seen apart from in people exhibiting seve, abnormal pathological photosensitivity. The same dose delived from an unfilted mcury arc lamp or fluorescent sun-lamp would result in marked violaceous ythema in most white skinned individuals. Consequently, photobiologists have long recognised the need to express the exposure as an ythemally-weighted quantity 1. Recently the tm minimal ythema dose (MD) has been used widely as a 'measure' of ythemal radiation. This is unreasonable because the MD is not a standard measure of anything but, on the contrary, encompasses the variable nature of individual sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation. Variables which affect the MD include optical and radiometric charactistics of the source; detminants of the exposure such as dose increment and field size; nature of the skin such as pigmentation, previous light exposure, and anatomical site; and obsvational factors such as definition of the end point, time of reading aft exposure, and ambient illumination. To avoid furth confusing misuse of the tm MD, we propose that this tm be resved solely for obsvational studies in humans and oth animals, and that a new tm, the standard ythema dose (SD) be used as a standardized measure of ythemogenic UV radiation. 2. Scope This Standard specifies the ythema refence action spectrum (s (λ)), and the Standard rythema Dose (SD). 3. Normative refences The following standards contain provisions which, through refence in this text, constitute provisions of this Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated we valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Membs of CI, the Intnational lectrotechnical Commission (IC) and the Intnational Organization for Standardization (ISO) maintain regists of currently valid intnational standards. CI : Intnational Lighting Vocabulary - equivalent to IC 50(845) CI : Sunscreen testing (UVB). CI : Psonal dosimetry of UV radiation. ISO 1999 All rights resved 1

8 ISO 17166:1999() CI 103/3-1993: Refence action spectra for ultraviolet induced ythema and pigmentation of diffent human skin (CI Collection in Photobiology and Photochemistry). CI : Standard rythema Dose, a Review. 4. Definitions ythema action spectrum (s (λ)) ythemal effective irradiance ( ) ythemal effective radiant exposure (H ), also called the effective dose or ythemal dose: minimal ythema dose (MD): standard ythema dose (SD): ultraviolet radiation (UVR): Spectral dependence of the ability of UV radiation to produce ythema in human skin. Note: It is usual to tabulate and plot the s (λ) normalized to its maximum. Quantity defined by the equation: = λ s ( λ ) dλ whe λ is the spectral irradiance in W m -2 nm -1 and s (λ) is the ythema action spectrum normalized to its maximum. The time integral of ythemal effective irradiance defined by the equation H = λ s ( λ ) dλ dt whe λ is the spectral irradiance in W m -2 nm -1 and s (λ) is the ythema action spectrum. A subjective measure based on the reddening of the skin; it depends on many variables, e.g. individual sensitivity to UVR, radiometric charactistics of the source, skin pigmentation, anatomic site, elapsed time between irradiation and obsving the reddening (typical value: 24 hours), etc. It should be resved solely for obsvational studies in humans and oth animals. Standardised measure of ythemogenic UV radiation, 1 SD is equivalent to an ythemal effective radiant exposure of 100 J m -2. Optical radiation in the 100 nm to 400 nm wavelength range. 5. The concept of ythemal irradiance and dose 5.1 rythemal effective irradiance The ythemal effective irradiance ( ) from a source of ultraviolet radiation is obtained by weighting the spectral irradiance of the radiation at wavelength λ in nm by the effectiveness of radiation of this wavelength to cause a minimal ythema and summing ov all wavelengths present in the source spectrum. This can be expressed mathematically as: or = λ s ( λ ) λ λ = λ s ( λ ) dλ (1) is the spectral irradiance in W m -2 nm -1 at wavelength λ in nm and λ is the wavelength intval used in the summation. s (λ) is a measure of the effectiveness of radiation of wavelength λ in nm relative to some refence wavelength in producing a minimal ythema. Integration has to be carried out in the wavelength range whe neith or s (λ) equal zo. As it is a ratio, s(λ) is of dimension unity. The λ effective irradiance is equivalent to a hypothetical irradiance of monochromatic radiation having a 2 ISO 1999 All rights resved