NOTE: During the Twentieth Century, it was decided that art should become universal so that everyone could appreciate it.

Transcription

1 This chapter explores art of the first half of the twentieth century (1900 s) in Europe and North America, including painting, architecture, and sculpture. Some of the primary trends of this era include Early Modernism, Fauvism, Suprematism, Primitivism, Expressionism, Cubism, and Modernism. The chapter focuses heavily on Pablo Picasso, who is perhaps the most influential individual artist of all time. NOTE: During the Twentieth Century, it was decided that art should become universal so that everyone could appreciate it. Imagery that promoted specific religions, races, ideals or beliefs might be rejected by some, so it ceased to be produced. This is where ABSTRACTION comes from! We will continue studying The International Scene Since 1950 as our final topic. Feel free to scan the pages in that section and take some notes in order to get a head start.

2 TERMS: Primitivism (1022), collage (1026), assemblage (1026), readymade (1037), photomontage (1039-term only), domino construction (1045), ferroconcrete (1045, pilotis (1045), curtain wall (1045), ribbon window (1045), Prairie Style (1046), automatism (1056), frottage (1056), grattage (1056), biomorphic (1057), mobiles (1059) Juxtaposition: The atypical placement of two or more things near each other CONCEPTS TO KNOW: Know the lasting effects of WWI in Europe and the United States (1018) Know that Fauvists were called Wild Beasts and why this was so (1019) Know the artistic attitudes of Western artists who used Primitivism ( ) Know the difference between Analytic Cubism (take apart) & Synthetic Cubism (put together) (1024-6) Know how The Bridge artists viewed contemporary society (1026) Know the aspirations of The Blue Rider group, which include Vassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc (1029) Know the artistic goals the Italian Futurist outlined in Foundation and Manifesto of Futurism (1033) Know the basics of Dada and what it aimed to accomplish (1037) Know the Ashcan School was centered around Robert Henri and know what Ashcan School was (1040) Know the influence that Alfred Stieglitz had on American Modern Art in early 20 th century ( ) Know that European modernism was introduced to America at the Armory Show, 1913, NYC (1042) Know characteristics of Modern architecture and Adolf Loos ideas towards architectural style (1045) Know how to describe Le Corbusier s unique style and how it is manifested in Villa Savoye (1045) Know Elements of Architecture: The Skyscraper (1050). Know the purpose of a setback Know the artistic conventions and goals of de Stijl (1052) Know The Bauhaus (who founded it, what Bauhaus means, which ideals it promoted) (1054) Know the basics of Surrealism and what it aimed to accomplish, along with who founded it (1056) Know what frottage and grattage are and who developed them (both are automatism) (1056) Know Elements of Architecture: The International Style. Know 3 principles of International Style (1057) Know the basics about the priorities of the Harlem Renaissance and its founder (1061 and 1064) Read The Object Speaks Guernica. Understand Picasso s goals in creating this painting (1062) Know what the PWAP was, who set it up, and what affect it had on art in America (1066) Know the artistic goal of Art Informel (formless art) and how this goal is met ( ) Know the basic priorities of the Latin American movements: Concrete Invention and Madí (1072, with explanation within the PowerPoint, just after the Joaquin Torres-Garcia piece)

3 Know the artistic roots of Abstract Expressionism and their one common purpose (1073) Know the four endeavors of all Abstract Expressionist artists (1074) -interest in painting with a desire to rebel against tradition -treat the act of painting as an expressive exercise -communicate universal ideas in paint -create sublime art on a heroic scale Know the two forms of Abstract Expressionism (according to Harold Rosenberg) (1074) -Action Painting -Color Field Painting TITLE ARTIST YEAR Europe, the Americas, and North Africa, Line Art Ma Jolie* Pablo Picasso Mountains at Collioure André Derain 1905 London: Saint Paul s Cathedral seen from the Thames André Derain 1914 The Woman With the Hat Henri Matisse 1905 They Joy of Life** Henri Matisse 1906 Nude Reclining Henri Matisse 1929 Dessert Harmony in Red Henri Matisse 1908 Self-Portrait* Pablo Picasso 1901 Family of Santimbanques* Pablo Picasso 1905 Self-Portrait Pablo Picasso 1896 Self-Portrait Pablo Picasso 1900 Self-Portrait Pablo Picasso 1906 Self-Portrait Pablo Picasso 1907 Self-Portrait Pablo Picasso 1917 Self-Portrait Pablo Picasso 1966 Self-Portrait Facing Death* Pablo Picasso 1972 Les Demoiselles d Avignon* Pablo Picasso 1907 Pablo Picasso was inspired by African masks modern photograph Bull s Head Pablo Picasso 1943 Houses at l Estaque Georges Braque 1908

4 Violin and Palette** Georges Braque 1910 Newspaper, Pipe and Glass Georges Braque 1913 Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler Pablo Picasso 1910 Glass and Bottle of Suze** Pablo Picasso 1912 Mandolin and Clarinet Pablo Picasso 1913 Girl with Mandolin Pablo Picasso 1910 Three Nudes Dune Picture from Nidden Schmidt-Rottluff 1913 Head of a Woman 2 Schmidt-Rottluff 1916 Masks Emil Nolde 1911 Street, Berlin* Ernst Ludwig Kirchner 1913 Self-Portrait with Model Ernst Ludwig Kirchner 1907 The Outbreak** Käthe Kollwitz 1903 Misery Käthe Kollwitz 1896 Germany s Children are Starving! Käthe Kollwitz 1934 Death Seizing a Mother* Käthe Kollwitz 1934 Mutter mit Zwillingen (Mother of Twins) Käthe Kollwitz 1937 Self-Portrait with an Amber Necklace Paula Modersohn-Becker 1906 Self-Portrait Nude* Egon Schiele 1911 Liegender weiblicher Akt (Reclining Nude) Egon Schiele 1917 Large Blue Horses** Franz Marc 1911 Emblem of Moscow, with Saint George as The Blue Rider The Blue Mountain Vassily Kandinsky Improvisation 28* Vassily Kandinsky 1912 Composition VIII Vassily Kandinsky 1923 Homage to Blériot Robert Delaunay 1914 Clothes and Customized Citroën B-12 Sonia Delaunay-Terk 1925 Three Women Fernand Léger 1921 Armored Train in Action** Gino Severini 1915 Cannons in Action Gino Severini 1915 Unique Forms of Continuity in Space* Umberto Boccioni 1913 Electric Light Natalia Goncharova 1913 Eight Red Rectangles** Kazimir Malevich 1915 Suprematist Composition (White on White) Kazimir Malevich 1918 Corner Counter-Relief Vladimir Tatlin 1915

5 Torso of a Yong Man* Constantin Brancusi 1924 Magic Bird Constantin Brancusi The Newborn Constantin Brancusi 1915 Sleeping Muse Constantin Brancusi 1910 Constantin Brancusi, 1905 Hugo Ball Reciting Sound Poem Karawane, Cabaret Voltaire* Zurich, Switzerland 1916 Hugo Ball reciting a Sound Poem at Cabaret Voltaire Zurich, Switzerland 1916 Nude Descending a Staircase 2 Marcel Duchamp 1912 Fountain** Marcel Duchamp 1917 L.H.O.O.Q. Marcel Duchamp 1919 Bicycle Wheel Marcel Duchamp 1913 Cut with the Kitchen Knife Dada through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch of Germany Hannah Höch 1919 La Reine Mora* Robert Henri 1906 Isolina Maldonado Spanish Dancer Robert Henri Snow in New York Robert Henri 1902 Election Night* John Sloan 1907 McSorley s Bar John Sloan 1912 Nighthawks* Edward Hopper 1942 Stag at Sharkey s* George Bellows 1909 The Flatiron Building* Alfred Stieglitz 1903 The Steerage Alfred Stieglitz 1907 Georgia O Keeffe Alfred Stieglitz 1918 Georgia O Keeffe Alfred Stieglitz 1918 Armory Show, NYC, National Guard 69 th Street Regiment 1913 O Keeffe Painting in Car, Ghost Ranch, NM Ansel Adams 1937 Nature Symbolized No. 2* Arthur Dove 1911 Sunrise Arthur Dove 1925 City Night Georgia O Keeffe 1926 An Orchid* Georgia O Keeffe 1941 Black Iris III Georgia O Keeffe 1926 Jack-in-the-Pulpit No. IV Georgia O Keeffe 1930 Cow Skull with Red, White and Blue* Georgia O Keeffe 1931 Brooklyn Bridge Georgia O Keeffe 1949

6 Portrait of a German Officer Marsden Hartley 1914 I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold* Charles Demuth 1928 Brooklyn Bridge: Variation on and Old Theme Joseph Stella 1939 Steiner House** Adolf Loos 1910 Steiner House, Vienna, Austria (elevation) Adolf Loos 1910 Steiner House, Vienna, Austria (back) Adolf Loos 1910 Villa Savoye, Poisy-sur-Seine, France* Le Corbusier Le Corbusier with model for United Nations United Nations, NYC Le Corbusier (and others) 1952 General Assembly Hall, United Nations, NYC Le Corbusier (and others) 1952 Frederick C. Robie House** Frank Lloyd Wright 1909 Dining Room, Frederick C. Robie House, Chicago Frank Lloyd Wright Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church, Milwaukee (exterior) Frank Lloyd Wright 1956 Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church, Milwaukee (interior) Frank Lloyd Wright 1956 F. L. Wright, Hilla Rebay and Solomon R. Guggenheim unveiling model for Guggenheim Museum, August, 1945 Edgar Kaufmann House, Mill Run, Pennsylvania (exterior)* Frank Lloyd Wright 1937 Edgar Kaufmann House, Mill Run, Pennsylvania (interior) Frank Lloyd Wright 1937 Lookout Studio, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona Mary Colter 1914 Woolworth Building, New York (exterior)* Cass Gilbert Woolworth Building, New York (interior) Cass Gilbert Southern Manhattan seen from Woolworth Building, Library of Congress, 1913 Elements of Architecture: The Skyscraper Line Art Worker s Club Aleksandr Rodchenko 1925 Proun Space El Lissitzky 1923 Worker and Collective Farm Woman* Vera Mukhina 1937 Composition with Yellow, Red, and Blue** Piet Mondrian 1927 Evening Red Tree Piet Mondrian 1908 Broadway Boogie Woogie Piet Mondrian 1942 Piet Mondrian 1922 Schröder House, Utrecht, Netherlands (exterior)* Gerrit Rietveld 1925 Schröder House, Utrecht, Netherlands (interior) Gerrit Rietveld 1925 Coffee and Tea Service Marianne Brandt 1924 Bauhaus Building, Dessau, Germany* Walter Gropius Serif and Sans-Serif fonts

7 The Bauhaus Training Program for artists Line Art The Dada Wall in Room 3 of the Degenerate Art Exhibition Munich, Germany 1937 Wall Hanging Anni Albers 1926 The Horde* Max Ernst 1927 Birth of Liquid Desires* Salvador Dalí The Persistence of Memory Salvador Dalí 1931 The Temptation of Saint Anthony Salvador Dalí 1946 Portrait of Picasso Salvador Dalí 1947 Christ of St. John of the Cross Salvador Dalí 1951 Crucifixion Salvador Dalí 1954 Salvador Dalí with Ocelot and Cane 1956 The Treachery of Images* René Magritte 1929 Luncheon in Fur** Meret Oppenheim 1936 Composition* Joan Miró 1933 Lobster Trap and Fish Tail* Alexander Calder 1939 Untitled Mobile, Washington, D.C. Alexander Calder 1977 Black Widow Alexander Calder 1959 Forms in Echelon Barbara Hepworth 1938 Recumbent Figure** Henry Moore 1938 Pyramid of Chichen Itza, Maya culture Yucatan, Mexico CE Reclining Figure Henry Moore 1951 Couple wearing Raccoon Coats with Cadillac, Harlem James Van Der Zee 1932 Guernica* Pablo Picasso 1937 Studies for Guernica Pablo Picasso 1937 Guernica, Spain, after the bombing modern photographs Aspects of Negro Life** Aaron Douglas 1934 Building More Stately Mansions Aaron Douglas 1944 Aaron Douglas modern photographs La Citadelle: Freedom Augusta Savage 1930 The Migration Series, panel No. 1: The Great Migration North* Jacob Lawrence The Migration Series, panel No. 3: The Migration of the Negro Jacob Lawrence Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California* Dorothea Lange February, 1936 Plantation Overseer & Field Hands, Clarksdale, Mississippi Dorothea Lange 1936 Towards Los Angeles, California Dorothea Lange March, 1937

8 Unemployed Lumber Worker, Oregon Dorothea Lange 1939 American Gothic** Grant Wood 1930 Arbor Day Grant Wood 1932 The Great City of Tenochtitlan (detail) Diego Rivera 1945 Detroit Industry * Diego Rivera 1933 Diego Rivera and his wife, Frida Kahlo Flower Seller Diego Rivera 1942 The Two Fridas* Frida Kahlo 1939 Frida and Diego Frida Kahlo 1939 Self Portrait with Dr. Juan Farill Frida Kahlo 1951 The Broken Column* Frida Kahlo 1944 The One Who Eats Tarsila do Amaral 1928 Head Surrounded by Sides of Beef* Francis Bacon 1954 REMEMBER: Pope Innocent X Diego Velázquez 1650 Study after Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X Francis Bacon 1953 Head VI Francis Bacon 1948 Francis Bacon 1950s Painting** Wols 1945 Zambezia, Zambezia* Wilfredo Lam 1950 Abstract Art in Five Tones and Complementaries Joaquin Torres-Garcia 1943 Maccu Piccu Inca culture Analytical Structure* Raul Locca 1946 Madí Luminous Structure F * Gyula Kosice 1946 Garden in Sochi * Arshile Gorky 1943 The Liver is the Cock s Comb Arshile Gorky 1944 The Artist s Mother Arshile Gorky 1936 Autumn Rhythm #30** Jackson Pollock 1950 Autumn Rhythm (Number 30) (upside-down) Jackson Pollock 1950 Photograph of Jackson Pollock Painting, The Springs, New York Hans Namuth 1950 Pollock Painting in his studio 1950s Jackson Pollock Joe Figg 1951 Jackson Pollock and Lee Krasner 1946 The Seasons* Lee Krasner 1957 Woman I* Willem de Kooning

9 Woman Willem de Kooning 1949 Asheville Willem de Kooning 1948 Knight Watch Jean-Paul Riopelle 1953 Mountains at Sea* Helen Frankenthaler 1952 The Bay Helen Frankenthaler 1963 Lavender and Mulberry** Mark Rothko 1959 No. 61, Brown, Blue, Brown on Blue Mark Rothko additional Mark Rothko paintings Mark Rothko modern photograph Vir Heroicus Sublimis Barnett Newman Cubi* David Smith 1965 Hudson River Landscape David Smith 1951 Cubi XXVI David Smith Cubi XXI, 1964, Cubi I, 1963, David Smith: Cubes & Anarchy," exhibition at Whitney Museum, Indiana Univ. *Possibly a slide-identification question. Know the title and artist. **Know title, artist and YEAR.