Visualisation Goals Exercise Google Earth

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DO S & DON TS OF VISUALISATION Stephen Sheppard, ASLA, PhD Geo-visualisation in Environmental Research Metier - Wageningen DAY 4 (THURSDAY AFTERNOON) 13

1 DO S & DON TS OF VISUALISATION Stephen Sheppard, ASLA, PhD Geo-visualisation in Environmental Research Metier - Wageningen DAY 4 (THURSDAY AFTERNOON) 13 December 2007 Visualisation Types Visualisation Framework Key Attributes Visualisation Goals Exercise Google Earth evaluation

2 QUESTION: Any difficult choices/dilemmas in preparing a visualisation? 2

3 Average April 1st Snowline April 1 st snowline elevation (m) Canadian Global Climate Model 2: A2 scenario Year 3

4 1 VISUALIZATION TYPES AND DEFINITIONS 4

5 Some Definitions Data visualization (scientific visualization): numerical, chart, 2D mapping, or 3D data in an abstract form Geo-visualisation: displays terrain and other geographic features in 3D perspective view, often with considerable level of abstraction Landscape visualization: displays terrain and other recognisable geographic features in 3D perspective view, with some level of realism 5

6 Site Boundary Landscape Types Farming Suburban Rural Treed Lowland Forest Scrub CONCEPTUAL INFORMATION 6

7 Road UBC/Alex Fraser Research Forest Shelterwood Systems Actual Situation Lake Composition 50% Fdi, 50% Pli Composition 50% Pli, 50% Sx Height: Fdi=34-36m Pli=29-30m Longitudinal Section Height: Pli=29-30m Sx=35-36m In the future The height of the trees at: 20 years: Fdi=4-5m, Sx=2m, Pli=5-6m 40 years: Fdi=14-15m,Sx=12-13m, Pli=17-18m The composition of the stand is supposed to be the same.

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9 EXPERIENTIAL INFORMATION 9

10 Visualisation Media Types Across History 10

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12 Established types of landscape visualization Geometric 3D Modelling: eg. wireframes, solid models Photo-imaging: eg. 2D paint programs used on scanned photographs, photomontage Hybrid Geometric/Photo-imaging: eg. composite pictures and draped images (texture maps) 12

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14 SIMULATED SHELTERWOOD-CUTS (THIRD ENTRY) Photosimulation 14

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16 16 SIMULATED SHELTERWOOD CUTS (Photo-overlay of 3D canopy model)

17 EXISTING VIEW (PHOTOGRAPH) 17

18 PHOTOSIMULATION (3D STUDIO/PHOTO-SHOP) 18

19 19 World Construction Set Visualization (billboard trees)

20 Full 3D Modelling 20

21 Newer types of visualization Newer presentation formats: eg. computer animation, virtual reality Dynamism: movement, growth (spatial and temporal variation) Real-time interactivity and querying Immersion technology adds new dimensions to reality Increasingly automated realism tools/databases 21

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23 TEMPORAL VISUALISATION: FIRST ENTRY SHELTERWOOD CUTS 23

24 THIRD ENTRY SHELTERWOOD CUTS 24

25 FIFTH ENTRY SHELTERWOOD CUTS 25

26 Towards a visualisation framework Question: what choices do we make when conducting visualisation (what variables do we encounter)? 26

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28 2 FRAMEWORK FOR VISUALISATION INPUTS MEDIA PROCESS CONTENT ATTRIBUTES CONTEXT OUTCOMES Data Scale Purpose Audience Software Hardware Preparer Models Verification Review Production Landscape Project/ scenarios Time-step Viewing conditions Abstraction/realism Animation Interactivity Presentation medium Setting Presenter Script Supporting info Audience responses Usefulness Impact on decisions

29 FRAMEWORKS FOR VISUALISATION Roles of visualisation Information processing theory Visualisation components Visualisation process 29

30 Visualisation Roles Project planning and design Public consultation/involvement Environmental/resource management and decision-making Improving environmental awareness and understanding Research/evaluation 30

31 Some Intended Benefits of Visualization Improved communication and understanding of complex information: eg. bringing 2D polygon maps to life, revealing long-term temporal change, showing future alternatives Integrating information across disciplines and cultural barriers Helping designers/researchers to understand their own plans/models better 31

32 Development review: alternative housing plans 32

33 Multi-stakeholder scenario planning in British Columbia Existing conditions Scenario 1 (FPC rules) Scenario 2 (Zoning) 33

34 Enhancing dialogue with an aboriginal community (Cheam) Number of comments Elder Adult Young Adult Maps Simulations Maps Simulations 34

35 Information processing theory Stimulus Channel Receptor Response 35

36 Audience types Stakeholder/interest group Level of expertise in topic Familiarity with visualisation techniques 36

37 Response types (perceptions) (Zube et al.,1987) Cognitive (knowledge) Evaluative (preference, judgment) Affective (emotions) Behavioural Physiological 37

38 Simulation components (Appleyard, 1976) Information-storage system (data) Simulation medium (technique) Presentation format Images (primary stimulus) Setting Additional (contextual) information 38

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40 Additional messaging. 40

41 Simulation components Information-storage system (data) Simulation medium (technique) Presentation format Imagery Setting Additional information and. (what s missing?) People (operators/presenters) 41

42 Visualisation Process Visualisation preparation process (Sheppard, 1989, Ch. 5) Planning the visualisation process Evaluating the visualisation process 42

Visualisation Process Visualisation medium choice/realism Data gathering/input Production process: Content choices Modelling methods and

43 Visualisation Process Visualisation medium choice/realism Data gathering/input Production process: Content choices Modelling methods and assumptions Documentation/metadata Review/testing Presentation mode/context Feed-back/process evaluation Post-construction evaluation 43

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46 4 SOME KEY ATTRIBUTES OF VISUALISATIONS Data accuracy/precision Visualisation medium/software Realism Animation (pre-rendered movement) Interactivity (control) Immersion (displays) 46

47 Realism Apparent realism (not necessarily accuracy) Photorealism? Level of detail Virtual reality/ presence/ feeling 47

48 Animation (pre-rendered movement) Movement of visualized objects (eg. wind turbines) Movement of viewer (eg. driving along road) Animated presentation (eg. merging objects, transitions over time) 48 Credit: David Flanders (CALP)

49 Interactivity (control) Real-time movement/viewing direction Querying the image Manipulating the image 49

50 Spatio-temporal Landscape Interface (Salter, 2006) 50

51 Immersion Immersive display Headsets Aircraft simulators Semi-immersive screens Screen size Screen proportion/width (aspect ratio) 51

52 UBC LANDSCAPE IMMERSION LAB (LIL) THINKS: THERE MUST BE A WAY TO MAKE MONEY OUT OF THIS. 52

53 Exercise 1: Instructions Discussion in 6 groups of 4 people (1 group per attribute) why the attribute matters example of a visualisation application (real or hypothetical) illustrating possible implications relationship to the Visualisation Framework 2 minute story from each group (designee) on their attribute example (Precedent: London transit story) 53

54 KEY ATTRIBUTES OF VISUALISATIONS: DISCUSSION 1. Data accuracy/precision 2. Visualisation medium/software 3. Realism 4. Animation (pre-rendered movement) 5. Interactivity (control) 6. Immersion (displays) 54

55 BREAK 55

56 IMPLICATIONS OF USING ESTABLISHED VISUALIZATION TYPES Photo-realism (not new) Static but temporal snapshots Preset animations Inexpensive and in fairly common use Very powerful images 56

57 LIMITATIONS OF ESTABLISHED SIMULATIONS Static windows offer a tiny slice of the information: viewpoint easily manipulated Single set of conditions usually depicted Many choices and assumptions must be made to get to a realistic image, with little guidance other than experience 57

58 Potential advantages of emerging visualization methods Much more comprehensive choice of viewing modes Continuous shifts in time and space (seeing the transitions) Transparency of the process: freedom to roam within the data (querying the picture?) Much more efficient generation of multiple realistic images High-tech image for the presenter 58

59 Limitations of emerging visualizations Insufficient data for high realism Most are not linked directly to predictive models (eg. ecological). Still numerous choices and assumptions to be made by the artist, with minimal guidance and no training Little available knowledge of the effects of visual images on viewer response: how many images and how much realism do we need? 59

60 Risks of emerging visualization methods The wow factor and the anti-wow factor Very real danger of over-use, inappropriate use, and deliberately biased use 60

61 Goals for visualisation Get em in the door and keep em interested Make sure they understand what they see Make sure they can trust the visualisations Make sure they are not misled! 61

62 VISUALISATION GOALS (Validity) Engagement Understanding (cognition) Credibility Lack of bias (response equivalence), 62

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68 Exercise 2: Google Earth exploration Participants (in pairs) will examine one location of their choosing with 3D feature data in Google Earth: explore issues of validity arising from these realworld visualisation examples relate conclusions to key attributes of the visualisations. 68

69 Day 5 preview Think about a case study 3D visualisation example that you can analyze (in pairs?) Your own project 3D model/graphics Your ArcSCENE models from Day 1 Google Earth example Others to be provided 69

Appendix 8.2 Information to be Read in Conjunction with Visualisations

Shepherds Rig Wind Farm EIA Report Appendix 8.2 Information to be Read in Conjunction with Visualisations Contents Contents i Introduction 1 Viewpoint Photography 1 Stitching of Panoramas and Post-Photographic