Navigation in Immersive Virtual Reality The Effects of Steering and Jumping Techniques on Spatial Updating

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1 Navigation in Immersive Virtual Reality The Effects of Steering and Jumping Techniques on Spatial Updating Master s Thesis Tim Weißker 11 th May 2017 Prof. Dr. Bernd Fröhlich Junior-Prof. Dr. Florian Echtler

2 2 Immersive Virtual Reality

3 3 Immersive Virtual Reality

4 4 Immersive Virtual Reality

5 Steering 5 Spell Fighter VR (Kubold Games)

6 Teleportation 6 Spell Fighter VR (Kubold Games)

7 vista space beyond vista space 7

8 Jumping 8 The Lab (Valve)

9 9 vista space beyond vista space

10 10 Spatial Awareness

11 Types of Spatial Knowledge 11 LRS-Model (Siegel and White 1975)

12 Spatial Updating process that automatically keeps track of where relevant surrounding objects are while we locomote (Riecke 2003) 12 Map data OpenStreetMap, CC BY-SA

13 Spatial Updating process that automatically keeps track of where relevant surrounding objects are while we locomote (Riecke 2003) 13 Map data OpenStreetMap, CC BY-SA

14 Spatial Updating process that automatically keeps track of where relevant surrounding objects are while we locomote (Riecke 2003) 14 Map data OpenStreetMap, CC BY-SA

15 15 Types of Spatial Knowledge

16 16 Types of Spatial Knowledge

17 17 User Study Design

18 18 Route Layouts

19 19 Route Layouts

20 20 Route Layouts

21 21 Route Layouts

22 22 Route Layouts

23 23 Route Layouts

24 24 Route Layouts

25 25 Manifestation Task

26 Trial Procedure Steering

27 Trial Procedure Jumping

28 Study Procedure manifestation error travel time first/second point-to-start error first/second point-to-goal error 28 SSQ (Kennedy et al. 1993)

29 29 User Study Results

30 Participants university students and employees 24 participants between 19 and 38 years (mean: 25.5 years) 17 males 7 females 30

31 Travel Times Outlier Extreme value significantly different with large effect size 31

32 Pointing Accuracies Outlier Extreme value 32

33 Pointing Accuracies Outlier Extreme value baseline measurements 33

34 Pointing Accuracies Outlier Extreme value acquisition of survey knowledge 34

35 Pointing Accuracies Outlier Extreme value learning by repetition 35

36 Pointing Accuracies Outlier Extreme value travel technique differences 36

37 Per-Participant Differences JumpingError SteeringError more accurate when jumping more accurate when steering 37

38 Per-Participant Differences JumpingError SteeringError more accurate when jumping more accurate when steering 38 first point-to-start error

39 Per-Participant Differences JumpingError SteeringError mean standard deviation standard deviation more accurate when jumping more accurate when steering 39 first point-to-start error

40 Per-Participant Differences JumpingError SteeringError mean standard deviation standard deviation more accurate when jumping more accurate when steering first point-to-start error

41 Per-Participant Differences JumpingError SteeringError more accurate when jumping more accurate when steering 41

42 Simulator Sickness people felt better when jumping people felt better when steering 42

43 Summary Simulator Sickness Travel Times Pointing Accuracies 43

44 Summary Simulator Sickness Travel Times Pointing Accuracies Jumping is a viable travel technique for many users but not for everybody! 44

45 45 Future Work

46 46

47 Thank you for your attention! Navigation in Immersive Virtual Reality The Effects of Steering and Jumping Techniques on Spatial Updating Master s Thesis Tim Weißker 47

48 Bibliography Bowman, Doug; Koller, David; Hodges, Larry Travel in Immersive Virtual Environments : An Evaluation of Viewpoint Motion Control Techniques. Proceedings of the 1997 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium. Fujita, Naofumi; Klatzky, Roberta; Loomis, Jack; Golledge, Reginald The Encoding-Error Model of Pathway Completion without Vision. Geographical Analysis 25(4): Kennedy, Robert; Lane, Norman; Berbaum, Kevin; Lilienthal, Michael An Enhanced Method for Quantifying Simulator Sickness. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology 3(3): Kolasinski, Eugenia Simulator Sickness in Virtual Reality. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 92(4): Kunert, André; Kulik, Alexander; Beck, Stephan; Froehlich, Bernd Photoportals: Shared References in Space and Time. Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing - CSCW 14: Lackner, James Motion Sickness: More than Nausea and Vomiting. Experimental Brain Research 232(8): Riecke, Bernhard How Far Can We Get with Just Visual Information? Path Integration and Spatial Updating Studies in Virtual Reality. Dissertation Abstracts International 8: Siegel, Alexander; White, Sheldon The Development of Spatial Representatins of Large-Scale Environments. and many more in the written thesis 48

49 49 Appendix

50 50 Steering-Teleportation-Continuum

51 The Encoding-Error Model 51 (Fujita et al. 1993)

52 Distractor Task 42? 42! 52

53 Per-Participant Differences JumpingError SteeringError more accurate when jumping more accurate when steering more accurate when jumping more accurate when steering 53

54 Per-Participant Differences JumpingTime SteeringTime faster response when jumping faster response when steering faster response when jumping faster response when steering 54

55 Preferences steering jumping steering jumping 55

Navigation in Immersive Virtual Reality

Bauhaus-Universität Weimar Faculty of Media Degree Programme Computer Science and Media Navigation in Immersive Virtual Reality The Effects of Steering and Jumping Techniques on Spatial Updating Master