Guides and Charts MOHS HARDNESS BEAD SIZES

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Stella Perkins
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1 Guides and Charts Several of our most-requested charts and at-a-glance information are conveniently within reach on this pull-out reference sheet ideal for posting near your bench for instant access. BEAD SIZES MOHS HARDNESS mm Actual Scale Examples 3mm 2 Amber: 2 3 4mm 5mm 6mm 3 Pearl: 3 4 Coral: 3 4 Malachite: mm 4 Rhodochrosite: 4 10mm 5 Lapis lazuli: 5 6 Turquoise: 5 6 Opal: mm 6 Moonstone: Tanzanite: Peridot: Zircon: mm 18mm 7 Citrine: 7 Amethyst: 7 Tourmaline: Garnet: Emerald: Topaz: 8 Alexandrite: mm 9 Ruby: 9 Sapphire: 9 10 Diamond: 10

2 STEAM OR ULTRASONICALLY CLEAN?* Gemstones Toughness Steam Ultrasonic Alexandrite excellent usually usually Amber poor never never Amethyst good risky usually Aquamarine good usually usually Citrine good risky usually Coral fair risky risky Diamond excellent usually usually Emerald poor never never Garnet fair never usually Iolite fair risky risky Lapis lazuli fair never risky Opal fair never never Pearl good never never Peridot fair never risky Ruby excellent usually usually Sapphire excellent usually usually Spinel good usually usually Tanzanite fair never never Topaz poor never never Tourmaline fair risky risky Turquoise fair never never Zircon fair risky risky *These are the results of our in-house testing and should be used as a guideline only. DETERMINE METAL FOR WAX TREES Procedure Step 1: Weigh your wax models along with main and gate sprues. Then add an additional 10% to account for your button. Step 2: Multiply the total wax weight by the specific gravity of the metal you re casting (see table at right for a general guideline). Example: For a 5-gram wax model, add 0.5 (10% of 5g) to get a total wax weight of 5.5g. If you are casting 14K yellow gold, multiply 5.5g x (s.g. for 14KY). The amount of 14-karat yellow gold needed for this tree is grams. Specific Gravities 24K yellow gold K yellow gold K yellow gold K yellow gold Fine silver Sterling silver Argentium Silver 935/ Platinum Caster s brass chunks 8.40 Caster s white bronze chunks 8.10 Ancient bronze 8.80 Yellow bronze 8.40 Manganese bronze 8.30 Nickel silver 8.80 Alpaca 8.60

3 B&S (ga.) GAUGE SIZES & DRILL SIZE EQUIVALENTS mm Inch Drill size MEASUREMENT CONVERSION TABLE To convert from... to... multiply by Avoirdupois ounces (oz.) pennyweights grams troy ounces Carats (ct.) grams Pennyweights (dwt.) grams troy ounces avoirdupois ounces Feet (ft.) meters Grams (g) pennyweights troy ounces avoirdupois ounces carats Inches (in.) millimeters Meters (M) feet Millimeters (mm) inches Troy ounces (ozt.) pennyweights grams avoirdupois ounces 1.097

4 MEASURING A RING BLANK To get a proper ring fi t, you must compensate for the thickness of the ring band when measuring the blank. Forcing the outside ends of the blank together for oldering compresses the inside circumference, making the ring smaller. Outside Circumference Median Line To correct for this, multiply 3.14 by the thickness of the blank/metal. Next, take that total and add it to the inside circumference for your desired ring size. This Inside Circumference will give you the correct length of metal to cut. (If the ring band will be wider than 4mm, add an extra 0.5mm to the fi nal total.) Example: Your metal is 16g, desired ring size is an 8, band width is 3mm. Multiply 3.14 x 1.29mm (16g) = 4.05mm 4.05mm mm (size 8) = 60.65mm (the length you need to cut) TEMPERATURE CONVERSIONS Conversion Celsius (centigrade) to Fahrenheit Fahrenheit to Celsius (centigrade) Formula ( C x 1.8) + 32 = F ( F 32) x = C SAW BLADE SPECIFICATIONS Blade Size Blade Thickness Blade Depth Teeth per inch Use on (B&S gauge) Use Drill # 8/0 7/0 6/0 5/0 4/0 3/0 2/0 1/ ".0067".0070".0080".0086".0095".0103".0110".0120".0134".0140".0150".0158".0173".0189".0197".0126".0130".0140".0157".0175".0190".0204".0220".0240".0276".0290".0307".0331".0370".0400".0440" up to drill size Refer to the chart above to help you determine the best drill size to create an insert point in your workpiece based on the blade size you re using. blade depth

5 RING SIZING & COMPARISON CHART Sizes Inside Diameter Inside Circumference United States, Canada inch mm inch mm ¼ ½ ¾ ¼ ½ ¾ ¼ ½ ¾ ¼ ½ ¾ ¼ ½ ¾ ¼ ½ ¾ ¼ ½ ¾ ¼ ½ ¾ ¼ ½ ¾ ¼ ½ ¾ ¼ ½ ¾ ¼ ½ ¾ ¼ ½ ¾ ¼ ½ ¾ ¼ ½ ¾ ¼ ½ ¾

6 SELECTING SILVER SOLDER Solder Flow Points Use for Extra-hard 1,490 F/810 C Laser welding, repair operations Hard Medium Easy Extra-easy 1,450 F/788 C 1,360 F/738 C 1,325 F/719 C 1,207 F/653 C First soldering operations General soldering; intermediate operations General soldering and repairs; intermediate or final operations Final soldering

Care Instructions. Gemstones Ionic Safe Treatments / Benefits. Avoid chemicals, stem/heat, ultrasonic, sudden temperature changes.

Care Instructions. Gemstones Ionic Safe Treatments / Benefits. Avoid chemicals, stem/heat, ultrasonic, sudden temperature changes. Gemstones Ionic Safe Treatments / Benefits Care Instructions Abalone gemstone Agate gemstone (see Chalcedony) Heated, dyed to enhance bands in layers Alexandrite gemstone Almandite gemstone (Garnet) Amazonite