Wear Analysis and Optimization on Impregnated Diamond Bits in Vibration Assisted Rotary
|
|
- Bernard Gilmore
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ARMA Wear Analysis and Optimization on Impregnated Diamond Bits in Vibration Assisted Rotary Drilling (VARD) Abtahi A., Butt S., and Molgaard J.., Arvani F., Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John s, NL, Canada Copyright 2011 ARMA, American Rock Mechanics Association This paper was prepared for presentation at the 45 th US Rock Mechanics / Geomechanics Symposium held in San Francisco, CA, June 26 29, This paper was selected for presentation at the symposium by an ARMA Technical Program Committee based on a technical and critical review of the paper by a minimum of two technical reviewers. The material, as presented, does not necessarily reflect any position of ARMA, its officers, or members. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper for commercial purposes without the written consent of ARMA is prohibited. Permission to reproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract must contain conspicuous acknowledgement of where and by whom the paper was presented. ABSTRACT: This is an investigation to find, understand, and optimize bit wear using vibration assisted rotary drilling. The wear of embedded diamond bits is being studied with and without vibration, to better understand the mechanisms of wear, the effect of vibration on them, and to study relationships between drilling parameters including rotational velocity, vibration, bit pressure, and profile, focusing separately on the wear mechanisms for the bit matrix and the embedded diamonds. Tests reported here, analyze the effect of different drilling conditions on bit matrix wear, diamond wear, and power consumption, working mainly with short runs in which small amounts of wear occurred. Concrete was selected as a rock analog as it can provide a range of properties, such as uniaxial compressive strength and relative abrasion resistance, by varying the proportions and curing of the included materials. Some preliminary results and observations are reported. Wear caused changes in bit profile. Effect of bit profile is found to be critical for rate of penetration (ROP) and bit life. For a given profile, the ranges of the optimum WOB, the maximum ROP, and minimum weight loss may overlap, but conditions for maximum ROP and minimum wear rate are not always identical. 1. INTRODUCTION It is known that vibration combined with rotation increases the rate of penetration in drilling relative to conventional drilling, e.g. Wiercigroch M. studied the effect of resonance enhanced drilling [1]; also Li H. et al showed that vibration can increase the rate of penetration in rotary drilling [2]. However, from our investigation it decreases the bit life. The advanced drilling group in Memorial University of Newfoundland has investigated different aspects of bit performance in vibration drilling. One of the important issues is bit wear and relating it to bit performance, not just for the bit life, but also to rate of penetration. Miller and Ball classified bit wear as five different types, recently exposed or unworn diamonds, wear flat, micofracture, hackly macrofracture, and pull- out hole [3]. They did their experiments with different types of rocks and found that for stable drilling in any given rock type a characteristic threshold pressure existed above which desirable microfracture of the exposed diamonds was promoted over undesirable wear flat generation. At lower load, flats are produced by sliding wear, with the silicate minerals ploughing plastic grooves in the heated surfaces of the diamonds. D.N. Wright, et al reported some results for drilling on two different rock types. In drilling sandstone erosion of the matrix predominated, in particular around diamond particles [4]. In both sandstone and granite were eventually pull out of the diamond particles. In the case of granite, there were particles pulled out after they fractured; with sandstone pull out occurring before fracture. With both rocks breakdown occurred when the supporting matrix had been eroded. They also found that the rate of diamond protrusion can be directly related to its position on the end face of bit and the rate of exposure of diamonds related to the abrasion of the matrix. Xuefeng Tian, and Shifeng Tian did some experimental studies on wear mechanisms in hard rock drilling [5]. A single-diamond was used for rock cutting to understand the coefficient of friction and wear process at contact surface. The coefficient of friction depends on rock fracture characteristics at the contact surface. It was found that the penetration per revolution was the predominant parameter influencing wear behavior. They also found that wear depends on drilling conditions and diamond temperature. Excessive penetration rate increases temperature and it results in micro-burn and adhesion of diamond and drilling detritus together.
2 2- EXPERIMENTAL MACHINE AND MATERIALS The laboratory drilling machine of VARD project is an electrical powered drill rig with two rotary speeds of 300 and 600 RPM. The drill can easily move up and down on a rail guide. The sample is mounted on an electromagnetic shaker attached to the base, to vibrate the sample at different frequencies and amplitudes instead of vibrating the bit. A constant weight on bit (WOB) is applied by hanging a weight from a wheel (Fig. 1). All data is saved on a computer including current, vibration amplitude, and drilling depth, using a group of accelerometers and LVDT. Water pressure and flow rate is read during experiments from gauges. The LVDT is attached to the table to register the amplitude of the vibration and a frequency inverter is used to set the frequency. Also a rotary encoder is attached to the drill bit and travels with the bit along the rig frame to measure the displacement or drilling depth for each drilling. A tachometer is used for measuring the exact rotary speed. Concrete samples were used instead of rocks to have identical samples in weight on the shaking table, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) values, and abrasivity. The concrete mixture is shown below: 0.3 (1) 0.5 (2) Concrete samples were cured in 23 degree Celsius and 100% humidity to reach the maximum UCS value. UCS values tested in correspondence to ASTM C873after 7 and 28 days were respectively 35 and 38 MPa. Another UCS test was done on core samples during the drilling runs and the value was 46MPa. 3- PROCEDURES FOR WEAR MEASURMENT Methods have been investigated and designed for measuring the wear of the matrix and diamonds on impregnated coring bits. A typical way of calculating the volume of wear is through measuring the mass or length of the bit. In this project, wear is being studied by placing indentations on the surfaces and using replicas of the surfaces. Replication is the best way to save all of the bit information permanently after each test. Two types of replica are being produced, using silicon rubber and epoxy materials. They keep the full shape of the bit. First a negative replica of the face of the bit is molded using silicone mold-making resins then a positive epoxy replica is cast in the negative replica (Fig. 2). The positive replica is gold coated for use under optical microscopes (Fig. 3). Fig. 1. Drill rig The replication method is very precise and it saves all of the data such as profile shape, length, and size of the head of the bit permanently. This makes it possible to follow changes at any location on a bit throughout an experiment without any concern regarding missing any information or measurement after each experiment. Fig. 2. Negative replica Fig. 3. Positive replica
3 Indentations are used as reference marks to aid accurate measurements of changes in length and profile. Using a center punch or electro discharge machining (EDM), it is possible to make indentations on different locations on the bit. Usually, indentations are placed on the water way surfaces, bit end and side faces. Water ways can show the profile changes and change in the length of teeth (Fig. 4). Side face and end face can show depth change in addition to change in position of the indentation relative to bit face. Fig. 5. unused bit profile Fig. 6. flat end profile Fig. 7. 2flat end with groove Fig. 8. rounded edge Fig. 4. indentation on waterway face The bit surfaces before and after experiments were compared, using pictures from the actual bit, taken from end or side face with an optical microscope. In this case, the best magnification is chosen first and then pictures of the best places are captured. 4- EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETERS Four new coring bits were used with dimension of 410mm length, 26.8 mm outside diameter, and 19mm inside diameter. The mass of the new bit is 0.56 kg. The end face area of the bit was 150. For all the experiments the constant parameters were, 60 Hz vibration frequency, 600 RPM, and water flow rate of 3100 with the supply pressure 4800 Pa. For each experiment, other parameters of drilling such as WOB, vibration amplitude and drilling depths were varied. In addition to the parameters just described, the bit profile changes during drilling. Unused bits have a V profile for the bit matrix with two sharp ridges (Fig. 5). The ridges wear down quite quickly to two flats separated by a groove (Fig. 7). With continuing wear the profile changes to a complete flat (Fig. 6). Finally, continuing wear changes the bit profile to rounded edges (Fig. 8). The changes in profile may affect the performance of the bit, but bits were used in all these states. 5- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Preliminary tests were performed with several WOB values, with vibration amplitude of 0.48mm and without vibration (Fig. 9). A maximum ROP for each set of conditions was found. The drill depths were 40mm for each test, conducted in sequence in the same hole up to total depth of 240mm. On the basis of these, subsequent tests were performed with a drill depth of 100mm, each in a separate hole and a WOB range from 60 to 111 kg, within which a maximum ROP was expected. ROP (mm/sec) bit 1, no vibration bit 2, vibration amplitude 0.48mm Fig. 9. Effect of vibration on ROP on unused bit Figure 10 and 11 shows effect of conventional (no vibration) and vibration drilling. Figure 3 and 4 shows the effect of different vibration amplitude levels on ROP and weight loss. Each bit has a different profile shape. For the first run of experiment (Fig. 10 and 11), bit 1 and 2 had flat end surface with edges a little rounded. Bit 3 and 4 had grooved end face, but bit 4 was in transition from a grooved shape to a flat end; as shown in pictures from waterways can display it very well (Fig. 12).
4 ROP (mm/sec) bit 1, no vibration bit 3 vibration amplitude 0.48mm Fig.10. Effect of vibration on ROP vs. WOB. weight loss (g) Fig.11. Effect of vibration on Weight loss vs. WOB. Fig. 12. bit shape profile before experiment bit 2 vibration amplitude 0.48mm bit 4, no vibration Bit 1, no vibration Bit 3 vibration amplitude 0.48mm Bit 2 Vibration amplitude 0.48mm Bit 4, no vibration Figure 13 and 14 show the effect of two vibration amplitudes with different profile shapes. Bit 1 and 2 had the flat end faces with rounded edges, and bit 3 was in transition to a flat end face; bit 4 had a flat end face. ROP (mm/sec) Bit 1 Vibration amplitude 0.38mm Bit 3 Vibration amplitude 0.38mm Bit 2 Vibration amplitude 0.58mm Bit 4 Vibration amplitude 0.58mm Fig.13. Effect of different vibration level on ROP vs. WOB. Weight loss (g) Bit 1 Vibration amplitude 0.38mm Bit 3 Vibration amplitude 0.38mm Bit 2 vibration amplitude 0.58mm Bit 4 vibration amplitude 0.58mm Fig.14. Effect of different vibration on Weight loss vs. WOB. Examination of the bits shows 3 major diamond situations; unworn, fractured, and diamond pull out. For the bits exposed to vibration pull out of diamonds was a common wear pattern. Generally, two types of wear occurred, matrix wear and diamond wear. In this study, matrix wear was very significant and it was associated with changes in the ROP. Diamond wear just shows two main classes of wear; diamond pull out and fracture. Matrix wear caused the profile change. Profiles can be classified as grooved (having two narrow flat end faces with a groove in the center), flat end, and rounded edge. At each state, the ROP was different, and the profile changed between states, the ROP also changed. Figure 9 shows the ROP for different WOB with two unused bits, bits 1 and 2. Vibration drilling has almost 1.5 times more ROP than conventional drilling. Fig.10 shows ROP for all four bits with the same experimental conditions but with different bit profiles. Bit 3 with the grooved profile had the highest ROP (Fig. 12). Bit 2 with a flat end-face, had intermediate range of ROP. Bit 4 was changing from grooved shape to flat end face, and it had higher ROP without vibration than bit 2 with vibration; this shows
5 that with the V profile the bit achieves a higher ROP. Bit 1 was transitioning to a rounded edge (Fig. 12). This had the lowest ROP compared with other shapes. Figure 11 shows the weight loss for the same experiments of Figure 10; in which there is the same trend for all of the bits; a decline from lower WOBs to higher WOBs. Figure 13 and 14 shows the effect of different vibration amplitude on bit performance; in this case bit 4 reached the highest ROP with the flat end face. Bits 1 and 2 had almost same profile, but different vibration amplitudes. Bit 2 had a higher ROP than bit 1. Bit 3 was in transition from a grooved shape to a flat end face, and it had higher ROP than bit 1 with same WOB and vibration amplitude but just difference in profile shape; it shows that the transition situation also produced higher ROP. Figure 14 shows the weight losses for the same experiments as in Figure 13. In this case weight loss increased a little up to 80kg WOB, but after that, it started to decrease with adding more WOB. Drilling productivity is affected by two critical factors in conventional drilling, ROP and bit wear. Optimizing one of them can affect the other one; Higher ROP usually causes more wear. Another important issue is vibration; it can assist drilling, increasing ROP, but it can affect bit wear to an undesired rate. All of these factors should be compared to obtain the best drilling conditions. For example, in Figure 13, bit 4 has a highest ROP for the range of WOB from 80 to 100 kg in comparison with the other bits. It also has the vibration amplitude 0.58mm. As seen in Figure 14, it has very low wear rate (weight loss) for the range of WOB from 95 to 105. With these plots, it is possible to choose the best condition; first, compare profiles, then choose optimum range of WOB for ROP, and lastly locate conditions for minimum wear rate. This method can combine all of the factors that contribute to an optimum. The diamonds are, of course, the cutters, but the role of wear of diamonds has yet to be studied in detail. The main reason of matrix wear is diamond pull-out when a bit loses diamonds, there has to be matrix wear to expose new diamonds for cutting. 7- FUTURE WORK Future work will include study of the effect of fluid flow rate, as there in some evidence that this affects the flushing of cuttings and matrix wear. We expect also to check the effect of bit rotational speed and verify the effects of varying vibration frequency and amplitude. 8- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This investigation has been funded by the Atlantic Innovation Fund (contract no ), Industrial Research and Innovation Fund, Husky Energy and Suncor Energy. REFERENCES 1. Wiercigrokh, M Resonance enhanced drilling: method and apparatus. World Organization patent no. WO/2007/141550, filed June 06, 2007, and published December 13, Li, H., S. Butt, K. Munaswamy, and F. Arvani Experimental Investigation of Bit Vibration on Rotary Drilling Penetration Rate. In the 44th US Rock Mechanics Symposium and 5th U.S.-Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium, held in Salt Lake City, UT June 27-30, Miller, D. and A. Ball, The wear of diamonds in impregnated diamond bit drilling. J. Wear. Res Wright, D. N., S. M. Wilson, W. F. Brown, and U. Ovens Segment wear on diamond impregnated mining bits. J. IDR industrial diamond review, ISSN Tian, X. and S. Tian The wear mechanisms of impregnated diamond bits. J. Wear. Res CONCLUSIONS Optimum drilling productivity can be achieved by optimizing both bit weight loss and ROP. A decline in wear rate with increasing WOB was observed when vibration was combined with rotation Vibration is not the only variable that may cause increased bit wear. Matrix wear leads to changes in profile which, in turn, has a significant effect on ROP; this study shoes profile change can be a more important factor than vibration.
Experimental Investigation of Bit Vibration on Rotary Drilling Penetration Rate
ARMA 10-426 Experimental Investigation of Bit Vibration on Rotary Drilling Penetration Rate Heng Li, Stephen Butt, Katna Munaswamy, Farid Arvani. Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John s, NL, Canada
More informationAbrasive Machining Processes. N. Sinha, Mechanical Engineering Department, IIT Kanpur
Abrasive Machining Processes N. Sinha, Mechanical Engineering Department, IIT Kanpur Introduction Abrasive machining involves material removal by the action of hard, abrasive particles. The use of abrasives
More informationAADE-05-NTCE-56. New Impregnated Bit Achieves Outstanding Drill Outs Daniel Colléter Halliburton Security DBS Nuno da Silva Halliburton Security DBS
AADE-05-NTCE-56 New Impregnated Bit Achieves Outstanding Drill Outs Daniel Colléter Halliburton Security DBS Nuno da Silva Halliburton Security DBS This paper was prepared for presentation at the AADE
More informationUltrasonic Machining. 1 Dr.Ravinder Kumar
Ultrasonic Machining 1 Dr.Ravinder Kumar Why Nontraditional Processes? New Materials (1940 s) Stronger Tougher Harder Applications Cut tough materials Finish complex surface geometry Surface finish requirements
More informationMINERAL EXPLORATION: GUIDE TO CHOOSING THE RIGHT CORE BIT
MINERAL EXPLORATION: GUIDE TO CHOOSING THE RIGHT CORE BIT INTRODUCTION Choosing the right drill bit is the one decision that will have the greatest impact on your success and drilling productivity. Unfortunately,
More informationPerformance of Diamond Segments in Different Machining Processes
Materials Science Forum Online: 24-12-15 ISSN: 1662-9752, Vols. 471-472, pp 77-81 doi:1.428/www.scientific.net/msf.471-472.77 Materials Science Forum Vols. *** (24) pp.77-81 24 Trans Tech Publications,
More informationReal-time Surveillance System of Mechanical Specific Energy Applied in Drilling Parameters Optimization
2nd Annual International Conference on Advanced Material Engineering (AME 2016) Real-time Surveillance System of Mechanical Specific Energy Applied in Drilling Parameters Optimization Yong-Xing SUN1,a,*,
More informationThe role of inclination angle, λ on the direction of chip flow is schematically shown in figure which visualizes that,
EXPERIMENT NO. 1 Aim: To study of Orthogonal & Oblique Cutting on a Lathe. Experimental set up.: Lathe Machine Theoretical concept: It is appears from the diagram in the following figure that while turning
More informationCasting Braided Steel
Casting Braided Steel Contributed by: Neil Wright A.K.A Dai SENSEI This tutorial was downloaded from http://www.penturners.org The International Association of Penturners - 2016 CASTING BRAIDED STEEL By
More informationSand Erosion of Steel Coated by Polyurethane Reinforced By Metallic Wires
International Journal of Advanced Materials Research Vol. 2, No. 4, 2016, pp. 66-71 http://www.aiscience.org/journal/ijamr ISSN: 2381-6805 (Print); ISSN: 2381-6813 (Online) Sand Erosion of Steel Coated
More informationCommonwealth of Pennsylvania PA Test Method No. 517 Department of Transportation October Pages LABORATORY TESTING SECTION. Method of Test for
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania PA Test Method No. 517 Department of Transportation 10 Pages 1. SCOPE LABORATORY TESTING SECTION Method of Test for DETERMINATION OF ACCELERATED POLISH OF COARSE AGGREGATE
More informationUNIT 2.1: Routine check before machines operation. Unit Objectives Tools and Equipment for Routine Check. Spanner Set
UNIT 2.1: Routine check before machines operation Unit Objectives At the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1. Learn about the tools and equipment used for routine check-up of the jack hammer. 2. Types
More informationMaterials Removal Processes (Machining)
Chapter Six Materials Removal Processes (Machining) 6.1 Theory of Material Removal Processes 6.1.1 Machining Definition Machining is a manufacturing process in which a cutting tool is used to remove excess
More informationOnGauge. Torque-reduction sealed-bearing roller reamer
OnGauge Torque-reduction sealed-bearing roller reamer The OnGauge* torque-reduction sealed-bearing roller reamer offers fully customizable holegauge maintenance and torque reduction, providing greater
More informationNON-TRADITIONAL MACHINING PROCESSES ULTRASONIC, ELECTRO-DISCHARGE MACHINING (EDM), ELECTRO-CHEMICAL MACHINING (ECM)
NON-TRADITIONAL MACHINING PROCESSES ULTRASONIC, ELECTRO-DISCHARGE MACHINING (EDM), ELECTRO-CHEMICAL MACHINING (ECM) A machining process is called non-traditional if its material removal mechanism is basically
More information110FC STRAIGHT LINE EDGER VICTRALUX 110FC MODEL VICTRALUX 110FC
STRAIGHT LINE EDGER VICTRALUX MODEL STRUCTURE AND MACHINE DESCRIPTION The straight line edger is made up of a pair of shoulders of considerable length (200 mm) connected by a base. The beams have been
More informationAbstract. Introduction. Experimental Setup ROCK PERFORATION BY PULSED ND:YAG LASER
Proceedings of the 23 rd International Congress on Applications of Lasers and Electro-Optics 2004 ROCK PERFORATION BY PULSED ND:YAG LASER Zhiyue Xu 1, Claude B Reed 1, Ramona Graves 2, Richard Parker 3
More informationSolid Carbide Tools. Composite Tools. Performance by Design. ISO 9001 Certified Company
Solid Carbide Tools Composite Tools Performance by Design ISO 9001 Certified Company As one of the world s largest manufacturers of solid carbide rotary cutting tools, SGS Tool Company has pioneered some
More informationVirtual Manufacturing Laboratory:
Virtual Manufacturing Laboratory: Desktop PC (Core i5)-3 nos. Software: 1. IGRIP Interactive Graphics Robot Instruction Programme. (Stratasys, Model-Objet. 30) 2. QUEST- Queuing vent Simulation (Deneb
More informationMANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY UNIT IV SURFACE FINISHING PROCESS Grinding Grinding is the most common form of abrasive machining. It is a material cutting process which engages an abrasive tool whose cutting
More informationSTEREO IMPACT Solar Energetic Particles Package (SEP) Dynamic Test Plan
1 2 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 352G-WBT-0507 Interoffice Memorandum January 13, 2005 To: From: Subject: References: Distribution W. B. Tsoi STEREO IMPACT Solar Energetic Particles Package (SEP) Dynamic
More informationUNIT 5 CNC MACHINING. known as numerical control or NC.
UNIT 5 www.studentsfocus.com CNC MACHINING 1. Define NC? Controlling a machine tool by means of a prepared program is known as numerical control or NC. 2. what are the classifications of NC machines? 1.point
More informationChapter 26 Abrasive Machining Processes. Materials Processing ABRASIVE MACHINING 10/11/2014. MET Manufacturing Processes
MET 33800 Manufacturing Processes Chapter 26 Abrasive Machining Processes Before you begin: Turn on the sound on your computer. There is audio to accompany this presentation. Materials Processing Chapters
More informationSURFACE RECONDITIONING NANO-LUBRICANTS
SURFACE RECONDITIONING NANO-LUBRICANTS 1 Delo 6130 CFO SAE 20W40 Done by: Larissa Drangai Dr. Mark Lubarsky 2 Delo 6130 CFO engine oil In this document is consolidated 4-balls EP and AW performed on following
More informationPRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (PCB) MICRO-SECTIONING FOR QUALITY CONTROL
SUMNotes PUBLISHED BY BUEHLER, A DIVISION OF ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS VOLUME 5, ISSUE 1 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (PCB) MICRO-SECTIONING FOR QUALITY CONTROL Introduction Quality control in Printed Circuit Board
More informationAbrasive materials can be 2 types: natural and synthetic. (Tables 2,3) Table 2. Natural abrasive materials. Types Source Application Moh s
ANNOTATION TO THE LESSON 9 Proper finishing and polishing is important for shaping, contouring and removing surface irregularities in restorations in order to avoid plaque accumulation, gingival irritation,
More informationElastic bonded abrasives
Elastic bonded abrasives ARTIFEX Dr. Lohmann GmbH & Co. KG Feldstrasse 8 DE 24568 Kaltenkirchen, Germany Phone: +49 (0) 4191 935-0 info@artifex-abrasives.de www.artifex-abrasives.de introduction Ceramic
More informationManufacturing Processes (continued)
Manufacturing (continued) Machining Some other processes Material compatibilities Process (shape) capabilities Manufacturing costs Correct pg 142, question 34i should read Fig 6.18 question 34j should
More informationCREATING FREE SURFACES ON HARD ROCKS USING ABRASIVE SUSPENSION WATER JET MANIPULATORS
2009 American WJTA Conference and Expo August 18-20, 2009 Houston, Texas Paper CREATING FREE SURFACES ON HARD ROCKS USING ABRASIVE SUSPENSION WATER JET MANIPULATORS Song S. Han Institute of Construction
More informationSmall- Scale Drilling Test Rig For Investigation of Axial Excitation On The Drilling Process
Small- Scale Drilling Test Rig For Investigation of Axial Excitation On The Drilling Process A. Austefjord, 1 S. Blaylock, 1 I. Forster, 1 *, M. Sheehan, 1 C. Wright 1 1: National Oilwell Varco, Conroe,
More informationTR53 (IADC 5-3-1) MEDIUM SOFT FORMATIONS
TR52 (IADC 5-2-1) SOFT TO MEDIUM SOFT FORMATIONS AMS TR52 designed for efficient drilling of soft to medium formations such as shale, red bed, limestone and other strata of low compressive strength with
More informationAtlas Copco Exploration Products. Excore diamond tools. Product Catalogue
Atlas Copco Exploration Products Excore diamond tools Product Catalogue Product catalogue Excore Introduction...3 Select the right core bit... 4 Applications... 5 Drilling parameters... 6 Crown profiles...
More informationPolishing Concrete: Diamonds and Densifiers. What is polishing? Surface Profile and Sheen 11/4/2013
Polishing Concrete: Diamonds and Densifiers By Jeffrey Girard, P.E. The Concrete Countertop Institute Copyright 2013 What is polishing? The act of changing a concrete floor surface, with or without aggregate
More informationAIA Specification. Section Slate Shingles PART 1 GENERAL
AIA Specification Section 07315 Slate Shingles PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 1 Specification
More informationPowered cutting equipment. Straight Handpiece Contra-angle Handpiece Air Turbine Handpiece
Lec.3 أ.م. مثنى شعبان رجب Powered cutting equipment Handpiece: Is a device for holding rotary instruments, transmitting power (Source of power is motor or air) to them, and for positioning them intraorally.
More informationActive Vibration Isolation of an Unbalanced Machine Tool Spindle
Active Vibration Isolation of an Unbalanced Machine Tool Spindle David. J. Hopkins, Paul Geraghty Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Ave, MS/L-792, Livermore, CA. 94550 Abstract Proper configurations
More informationReview of Various Machining Processes
Review of Various Machining Processes Digambar O. Jumale 1, Akshay V kharat 2, Akash Tekale 3, Yogesh Sapkal 4,Vinay K. Ghusalkar 5 Department of mechanical engg. 1, 2, 3, 4,5 1, 2, 3, 4,5, PLITMS Buldana
More informationAtlas Copco Diamond Tools. Hobic Product Catalogue 2007
Atlas Copco Diamond Tools Hobic Product Catalogue 2007 Contents Dedicated to being the best. 1 Torpedo Technology a cut above. 2 Drilling Parameters 4 Hobic Surface Set and Impregnated Reaming Shells 5
More informationSima Diamant has inaugurated its new European factory of diamond blades, equipped with stateof-the-art technology on all its manufacturing processes and with the philosophy of producing diamond tools able
More informationFocus rotary drilling products
Atlas Copco Secoroc Focus rotary drilling products Product catalog Atlas Copco Secoroc presents the Focus product line The Atlas Copco Secoroc Focus product line includes bits designed to deliver competitive
More informationConcrete drills 2.0. SDS-plus hammer drills Applications: for drilling in granite, concrete, clinker, stone, masonry, tiles and marble.
» CONCRETE DRILLS Concrete drills SDS-plus haer drills Applications: for drilling in granite, concrete, clinker, stone, masonry, tiles and marble. SDS-plus haer drills with 4 cutters Applications: for
More informationManufacturing Processes(IM 212)
Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport Manufacturing Processes(IM 212) Department of Industrial & Management Engineering College of Engineering and Technology Lecture 1 : Introduction
More informationFlexible Diamond Disc
Diamond Burs - with 2.37mm HP Shanks The abrasive properties of Diamond bonded to the tool ensure fast, easy action & long durability. Used for engraving, drilling, cutting, cleaning castings, etc. Always
More informationINTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8503-4 Second edition 2012-02-15 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates
More informationCore drilling in steelreinforced. masonry etc. REMS Picus SR. for Professionals
Core drilling in steelreinforced concrete, masonry etc. REMS Picus SR for Professionals 2 One system 4 applications! Ideal for plumbers! 33 12 20 With speed regulation! 3 5 4 6 7 Patent EP 2 085 191 21
More informationLuxCore Installation Instructions
LuxCore Installation Instructions ATTENTION: LuxCore PANELS MUST BE ACCLIMATIZED FOR 24 HOURS BEFORE INSTALLATION PLEASE READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS PRIOR TO INSTALLATION The guidelines provided herein have
More informationSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu Textile College, Chengdu , P. R. China
6th International Conference on Mechatronics, Materials, Biotechnology and Environment (ICMMBE 2016) Experimental analysis of frequency on tensile-compressive fretting fatigue behaviour of Al-Zn-Mg alloy
More informationInstallation Instructions Recommended Tools
Recommended Tools Tape Measure Sharp Knife Duct Tape Mineral Spirits Clean Cloth Isopropyl Alcohol Blunt Putty Knife Caulking Gun Caulking Trowel Material Sizing 1. Joints must be sized every 5-7 feet
More informationPVA Sensor Specifications
Position, Velocity, and Acceleration Sensors 24.1 Sections 8.2-8.5 Position, Velocity, and Acceleration (PVA) Sensors PVA Sensor Specifications Good website to start your search for sensor specifications:
More informationWhy Dressing. Pushing. Free penetrating
Why Dressing Pushing Free penetrating Dressed Blades Versus Non Dressed Blades High loads Low diamond exposure Low machinability High diamond exposure High machinability Dressing Dressing = Exposing diamonds
More informationRESEARCH PAPERS FACULTY OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN TRNAVA, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN BRATISLAVA, 2016 Volume 24, Number 39
RESEARCH PAPERS FACULTY OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN TRNAVA SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN BRATISLAVA 2016 Volume 24, Number 39 APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE
More informationVIEWING OPTIONS: In Adobe PDF Viewer, from the main toolbar choose View, then Page Display, turn on Two-Up and Show Cover Page During Two-Up
VIEWING OPTIONS: To make our catalog easier to read we recommend using a two page display, as some sections have one page for the exploded view and one for the parts listing. Changing these settings will
More informationModel 920 Monitoring and Measuring Plate Flatness During Lapping. Applications Laboratory Report 65. Lapping and Polishing. 1.
Model 92 Monitoring and Measuring Plate Flatness During Lapping Applications Laboratory Report 65 Lapping and Polishing 1.: Purpose Lapping and polishing processes are typically performed on a hard, metal
More informationAnalysis on Drill String Vibration Signal of Stick Slip and Bit Bouncing
Advances in Petroleum Exploration and Development Vol. 8, No., 014, pp. 1-5 DOI:10.3968/607 ISSN 195-54X [Print] ISSN 195-5438 [Online] www.cscanada.net www.cscanada.org Analysis on Drill String Vibration
More informationEFFECTS OF ENGINEERED MICRO-GEOMETRY ON BURR FORMATION IN PCD MILLING OF ALUMINUM
EFFECTS OF ENGINEERED MICRO-GEOMETRY ON BURR FORMATION IN PCD MILLING OF ALUMINUM William R. Shaffer Conicity Technologies One Wildwood Drive Cresco, PA USA bshaffer@conicity.com ABSTRACT In recent years,
More informationPowder Actuated Fastening INTRODUCTION
Powder Actuated Fastening INTRODUCTION Powder actuated fastening systems provide a cost effective method of attaching fixtures for light duty, static load conditions. Powers' systems consist of specially
More informationThe Lease Pumper s Handbook. Chapter 4 Understanding the Oil Well. Section B DRILLING OPERATIONS
4B-1 The Lease Pumper s Handbook Chapter 4 Understanding the Oil Well Section B DRILLING OPERATIONS No two wells are alike, even if they are located near each other and are drilled into the same oil-bearing
More informationEFFECT OF RESIN AND GRAPHITE OF THE BRONZE-BONDED DIAMOND COMPOSITE TOOLS ON THE DRY GRINDING BK7 GLASSES
16 TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS EFFECT OF RESIN AND GRAPHITE OF THE BRONZE-BONDED DIAMOND COMPOSITE TOOLS ON THE DRY GRINDING BK7 GLASSES Shenq-Yih Luo, Tseng-Yi Wang, Tsung-Han Yu
More informationSANDVIK RR910 & RR920 REMEDIAL SERVICE BITS
SANDVIK RR910 & RR920 REMEDIAL SERVICE BITS TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION WORKOVER BIT RANGE The RR910 family of drill bits are steel tooth type of bits that runs on an open bearing platform to provide cost
More informationElcometer Muller Laboratory Grinder
English Elcometer 2000 Muller Laboratory Grinder Operating Instructions English is a registered trademark of Elcometer Limited. All other trademarks acknowledged. Copyright Elcometer Limited. 2009. All
More informationLAARMANN. Sieving Machines and Test Sieves. Innovators in Solids
Innovators in Solids Sieving Machines and Test Sieves Digital Sieving Machines for dry, wet and air jet sieving Stainless steel test sieves with precision wire mesh, perforated plates and electroformed
More informationWear of the blade diamond tools in truing vitreous bond grinding wheels Part I. Wear measurement and results
Wear 250 (2001) 587 592 Wear of the blade diamond tools in truing vitreous bond grinding wheels Part I. Wear measurement and results Albert J. Shih a,, Jeffrey L. Akemon b a Department of Mechanical and
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF DIE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PLASTIC CONTAINER
DEVELOPMENT OF DIE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PLASTIC CONTAINER Abhishek Sawalkar 1, Ashish Yelekar 2, Yogesh Yadav 3, Aakash Bisen 4 JD College of Engineering And Management, Nagpur, India. Department of Mechanical
More informationINTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8503-3 Second edition 2012-02-15 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates
More informationDRILLING ENGINEERING SERVICES LOOK-AHEAD AWARENESS
DRILLING ENGINEERING SERVICES LOOK-AHEAD AWARENESS IDENTIFY AND AVOID POTENTIAL DRILLING ISSUES Successful drilling requires effective control of the rig, a sound understanding of engineering principles,
More informationINSTRUCTIONS FOR USING ITW PHILADELPHIA RESINS 1500LFH
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING ITW PHILADELPHIA RESINS 1500LFH --- Super Alloy Black 1500LFH is a liquid, injectable low friction material. The objective of these instructions is to allow the exact casting of
More informationCh. 1 Theory of Metal Cutting
Ch. 1 Theory of Metal Cutting May 1 Nov - 1 1. Explain types of chips that occur in metal cutting. Why a built up edge on a tool is undesirable and also explain reason behind various chip formation. 4
More informationA Pictorial Odyssey. Grinding: An examination of the grinding process through the lens of an electron microscope. By Dr.
Grinding: A Pictorial Odyssey A FEBRUARY 2009 / VOLUME 61 / ISSUE 2 By Dr. Jeffrey Badger An examination of the grinding process through the lens of an electron microscope. picture is worth a thousand
More informationAdvanced Machining Processes Professor Vijay K. Jain Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Lecture 06
Advanced Machining Processes Professor Vijay K. Jain Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Lecture 06 (Refer Slide Time: 00:17) Today we are going to discuss about
More informationThe master for the control of the gears
The master for the control of the gears The master gear is a special gear that is coupled with the gear to be checked in order to highlight the construction errors or serious imperfections that may compromise
More informationSection 914. JOINT AND WATERPROOFING MATERIALS
914.01 Section 914. JOINT AND WATERPROOFING MATERIALS 914.01. General Requirements. Joint and waterproofing material for use in concrete construction must meet the requirements of this section. 914.02.
More information5. Transducers Definition and General Concept of Transducer Classification of Transducers
5.1. Definition and General Concept of Definition The transducer is a device which converts one form of energy into another form. Examples: Mechanical transducer and Electrical transducer Electrical A
More information-_if-;reliminary STUDY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR / EVALUATING THE RELATIVE POLISHING CHARACTERISTICS OF I BITUMINOUS PAVING MIXTURES
-_if-;reliminary STUDY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR / EVALUATING THE RELATIVE POLISHING CHARACTERISTICS OF I BITUMINOUS PAVING MIXTURES by Tom S. Patty Geologist II '{ ~d -- :_ Materials and Tests
More informationThe manufacture of abrasive articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances, e.g. as bonding agent, is covered by C08J5/14.
CPC - B24D - 2016.11 B24D TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING, OR SHARPENING (tools for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape B24B 13/01; grinding heads B24B 41/00; manufacture
More informationHilti HIT-HY 200 with HIT-Z
Hilti Injection Mortar System Benefits Hilti -R 500 ml foil pack (also available as 330 ml foil pack) Static mixer no cleaning required: zero succeptability to borehole cleaning conditions with dry and
More informationAdvanced Motion Control Optimizes Laser Micro-Drilling
Advanced Motion Control Optimizes Laser Micro-Drilling The following discussion will focus on how to implement advanced motion control technology to improve the performance of laser micro-drilling machines.
More informationOptimisation of the polishing process for porcelain ceramic tiles
Optimisation of the polishing process for porcelain ceramic tiles I M Hutchings (1), Y Xu (1), E. Sánchez (2), M. J. Ibáñez(2) and M. F. Quereda (2) (1) Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering,
More informationProduct catalogue EXPLORATION CORE DRILLING BITS
Atlas Copco Geotechnical Engineering Products Product catalogue EXPLORATION CORE DRILLING BITS Product Catalogue Product Catalogue name Product Catalogue name Geotechnical core drilling tools 2 ATLAS COPCO
More informationSH-3510 / SF-3441 / SF-3400 / SF-653 / SF-0102 / SF-30
SH-3510 / SF-3441 / SF-3400 / SF-653 / SF-0102 / SF-30 ULTRASO NIC CUTTER SIRIES SH-3510 SF-3441 SF-653 SF-0102 The ultrasonic cutter is a safe and clean processing machine that does not discharge cutting
More informationQuality Improvement in Drilling Silicon by Using Micro Laser Assisted Drilling
The Hilltop Review Volume 9 Issue 1 Fall Article 8 December 2016 Quality Improvement in Drilling Silicon by Using Micro Laser Assisted Drilling Barkin Bakir Western Michigan University Follow this and
More informationIADC Dull Grading for PDC Drill Bits
IADC Dull Grading for PDC Drill Bits SPE/IADC 23939 First Revision to the IADC Fixed Cutter Dull Grading System ~ 1992 Version 2.4 How is Dull Grading Useful? Quick and simple way to describe the dull
More informationLecture 18. Chapter 24 Milling, Sawing, and Filing; Gear Manufacturing (cont.) Planing
Lecture 18 Chapter 24 Milling, Sawing, and Filing; Gear Manufacturing (cont.) Planing For production of: Flat surfaces Grooves Notches Performed on long (on average 10 m) workpieces Workpiece moves / Tool
More informationHigh-precision Optical Switch
High-precision Optical Switch Optical System Achieves 1-mm Operating Position Repeatability in this 4-way Switch A knife-edge mechanism in the optical system provides greater precision for a more stable
More informationAn Analysis of Archimedes Screw Design Parameters and their Influence on Dispensing Quality for Electronics Assembly Applications.
An Analysis of Archimedes Screw Design Parameters and their Influence on Dispensing Quality for Electronics Assembly Applications. By Daryl Santos and Sunil Chhabra State University of New York at Binghamton
More informationComputer Numeric Control
Computer Numeric Control TA202A 2017-18(2 nd ) Semester Prof. J. Ramkumar Department of Mechanical Engineering IIT Kanpur Computer Numeric Control A system in which actions are controlled by the direct
More informationDevelopment, Trials and Testing of a Two Componet Rapid Set Cement Grouting System
University of Wollongong Research Online Coal Operators' Conference Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences 2018 Development, Trials and Testing of a Two Componet Rapid Set Cement Grouting System
More informationAn experimental investigation of vibration characteristics in the diamond wire sawing of granite
An experimental investigation of vibration characteristics in the diamond wire sawing of granite Hui Huang*, Guoqin Huang, Hua Guo, Xipeng Xu Institute of Manufacturing Engineering, Huaqiao University,
More informationPRECISION CUTTING MICRACUT 202
PRECISION CUTTING MICRACUT 202 MICRACUT 202 MICRACUT 202 precision cutters are used for precise and deformation-free cutting of Metals, Ceramics, Electronic Components, Crystals, Composites, Biomaterials,
More informationSKF filament wound bushings
SKF filament wound bushings The maintenance-free heavy-duty bushing High load carrying capacity Corrosion resistant Maintenance-free Maintenance-free, durable, cost-effective Filament wound material provides
More informationDouble Shear Testing of Bolts
University of Wollongong Research Online Coal Operators' Conference Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences 23 Double Shear Testing of Bolts N. Aziz University of Wollongong, naj@uow.edu.au D.
More informationC U T T I N G C R O S S V I L L E P O R C E L A I N S T O N E
C U T T I N G C R O S S V I L L E P O R C E L A I N S T O N E Wet saws are generally used when cutting tile. Crossville uses continuous rim diamond tip blades designed to cut porcelain tile and glass.
More informationLaboratory 14. Lab 14. Vibration Measurement With an Accelerometer
Laboratory 14 Vibration Measurement With an Accelerometer Required Special Equipment: custom-made apparatus consisting of two sets of motors/shafts/bearings mounted on an aluminum plate Endevco 2721B charge
More informationDESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF FORM TOOL
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF FORM TOOL Volume 5, Issue 1 NOV 2015 1 BIKUMALLA SRUTHI, 2 M ANIL KUMAR 1 Pg Scholar, Department of MECH, MLR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Ranga Reddy, Telangana, India. 2 Assistant
More informationMETHOD STATEMENT. Sika FloorJoint S
METHOD STATEMENT Table of Contents 1 SCOPE 3 2 PRODUCT 3 2.1 3 3 SUBSTRATE REQUIREMENTS 3 4 Preparation of the Substrate 3 4.1 Mapping of the joint panels on the floor for the saw cuts 3 4.2 Execution
More informationAS-1250FE Datasheet Dynamic Signal Acquisition Front-End for Rotating Machinery Monitoring and Analysis
Dynamic Signal Acquisition Front-End for Rotating Machinery Monitoring and Analysis HIGH PERFORMANCE ACQUISITION The AS-1250FE is a high performance, compact and flexible data acquisition hardware platform
More informationof the rollers on top of each other for each press of the rollers. A self-supporting rack enables the avoidance of misalignment
Products for levelling and shaping band saws, guide rails, circular saws and circular knives MR 0 The MR 0 is conducive to the levelling of saw bands and guide rails. With the addition of an auxiliary
More informationRubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of abrasion resistance using a rotating cylindrical drum device
Provläsningsexemplar / Preview INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4649 Fourth edition 2017-09 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of abrasion resistance using a rotating cylindrical drum device Caoutchouc
More informationAppendix B Drilling Methods
Appendix B Drilling Methods B-1. Introduction A brief discussion of available drilling methods is included below. It is not the intent of this manual to include a detailed description of these methods.
More informationcoefficient of magnetostriction elongation is Dell l by l. So it was discovered by Joule at Manchester (Refer Slide Time: 01:35)
Advanced Machining Processes Dr. Manas Das Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Module - 01 Lecture - 03 Ultrasonic Machining Part II Welcome to the course on advanced
More informationNEED HDD TOOLS, PARTS & ACCESSORIES?
NEED HDD TOOLS, PARTS & ACCESSORIES? Visit us on-line at straightlinehdd.com STRAIGHTLINE Produce Profitable Solutions In All Ground Conditions. THE RIGHT REAMER AVAILABLE FOR EVERY DRILL. StraightLine
More information