Israel's open-secret trade
|
|
- Marion McGee
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Israel's open-secret trade Lorenzo Rotunno 1 Pierre-Louis Vézina 2 1 University of Oxford 2 University of Birmingham June 12, 2015
2 Motivation Bilateral trade between Israel and Muslim countries that have no formal ties with Israel amounts to hundreds of millions of dollars annually." Israel Export and International Cooperation Institute (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
3 Motivation Why are Israel exports sometimes illicit imports? Israel has diplomatic ties only with 157 out of 192 UN member states (2011) The Arab League (22 Middle Eastern and African countries) has maintained a boycott of Israeli companies and goods since the founding of Israel in 1948 Other countries have cut trade ties due to violent events, e.g. strikes on Gaza. (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
4 Motivation Khalid Al Subai, the deputy head of the Consumer Protection Society, was quoted by the Kuwaiti daily as saying that Israeli potatoes had been sold in several cooperative societies and that he held the commerce and industry ministry and the country's customs responsible. Israeli potatoes have Kuwaitis boiling The Times of Israel (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
5 Source: Wikipedia. (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
6 Motivation Our paper aims to identify and quantify these illicit imports It also provides a case study to complement our understanding of the role of politics in international trade (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
7 Motivation What do economists know about politics and trade? Political distance, i.e. the correlation of votes at the UN General Assembly, has a negative impact on bilateral trade (Umana Dajud, 2013) When France and the US disagree at the UN, their trade falls (Michaels and Zhi, 2010) Japanese companies with high China exposure suer during Senkaku islands teasing (Fisman et al., 2014) (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
8 Motivation What do economists know about asymmetric trade barriers? Illicit trade appears in the trade gap between imports and exports (e.g. Fisman and Wei (2004), Mishra et al. (2008)) And corruption makes it worse (e.g. (Fisman and Wei, 2009), (DellaVigna and Ferrara, 2010)) (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
9 Motivation So, how big is this illicit trade? (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
10 Timeline Israel trade with boycott countries ($100,000) Total of $6.4 billion missing from Intel chips to Malaysia ($714 million) Intel chips to Malaysia ($778 million) Exports from Israel Imports from Israel (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
11 Exports to boycott countries: Products Exports ($1,000) Products Exports ($1,000) Electrical machinery, apparatus 2,862,997 Sanitary, plumbing, heating 975 Special transact. Not class. 599,219 Paper, paperboard and manufactures 796 Non metallic mineral manufactures 185,490 Petroleum and petroleum products 701 Chemical elements and compounds 178,799 Furniture 669 Machinery, other than electric 126,000 Pulp and paper 383 Manufactures of metal, n.e.s 92,163 Beverages 354 Chemical materials and products 73,026 Travel goods, handbags and similar 247 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 40,395 Footwear 237 Fertilizers, manufactured 39,325 Sugar, sugar preparations and honey 233 Fruit and vegetables 38,826 Oil seeds, oil nuts and oil kernels 206 Plastic materials, etc. 36,393 Textile bres, not manufactured 117 Transport equipment 15,262 Crude rubber including synthetic 102 Scientif & control instrum, photographic 14,389 Animal and vegetable oils and fats 86 Medicinal and pharmaceutical 11,445 Fish and sh preparations 55 Dyeing, tanning and colouring 10,012 Tobacco and tobacco manufactures 46 Crude animal and vegetable material 7,754 Cereals and cereal preparations 43 Non ferrous metals 7,423 Fixed vegetable oils and fats 43 Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. 6,670 Feed. Stu for animals excl. Unmilled 43 Perfume materials, toilet & cleansing 5,443 Animals, n.e.s., incl. Zoo animals 38 Wood and cork manufactures 4,989 Meat and meat preparations 25 Miscellaneous food preparations 4,357 Coal, coke and briquettes 16 Metalliferous ores and metal scrap 3,306 Coee, tea, cocoa, spices 11 Iron and steel 2,797 Leather, lthr. Manufs., n.e.s 5 Textile yarn, fabrics, made up articles 2,500 Wood, lumber and cork 2 Firearms of war and ammunition 2,391 Animal oils and fats 1 Clothing 2,128 Dairy products and eggs 0 Crude fertilizers and crude mineral 1,513 Live animals 0 (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
12 Density of missing imports boycott countries All other countries Israel exports are more likely to be missing in the importer's customs statistics if the latter is a boycott country. (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
13 Estimated equation Missing Imports i = β 1 Boycott i + β 2 Controls i + ɛ i (1) Missing Imports i = ln(1+israel Exports i ) ln(1+imports from Israel i ) Boycott i is a dummy equal to one if the country boycotts Israel Controls i is a set of control variables (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
14 Cross section 2006 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) No diplomatic relations 7.866*** 4.341* 6.558*** 7.553*** 7.136*** 12.43*** 12.50*** (1.595) (2.212) (1.795) (1.700) (1.643) (1.433) (1.428) Muslim 4.476*** (1.645) ln GDPPC ** (0.302) (0.433) control of corruption *** (0.378) (0.372) Trade Restrictiveness (0.0175) (0.0156) Observations R-squared Note: Left-hand side variable is missing imports from Israel, robust s.e. in parenthesis. Column 3 sample is restricted to Muslim countries. (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
15 Cross section 2006 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) No recognition of Israel 9.726*** 5.913*** 5.601*** 9.883*** 8.819*** 11.47*** 11.62*** (1.353) (1.661) (1.831) (1.474) (1.484) (2.068) (2.092) Muslim 4.807*** (1.253) ln GDPPC *** (0.293) (0.477) control of corruption *** (0.373) (0.501) Trade Restrictiveness (0.0227) (0.033) Observations R-squared Note: Left-hand side variable is missing imports from Israel, robust s.e. in parenthesis. Column 3 sample is restricted to Muslim countries. (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
16 Cross section 2006 The lower bound estimate suggests the export-to-import ratio is 75 times bigger in boycott countries (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
17 US placebo - Cross section 2006 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) No diplomatic relations (1.674) (1.991) (2.440) (1.771) (1.639) (0.390) (0.362) Muslim 2.765* (1.571) ln GDPPC *** (0.355) (0.459) control of corruption *** (0.490) (0.392) Trade Restrictiveness (0.0174) ( ) Observations R-squared (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) No recognition of Israel (2.298) (2.523) (2.764) (2.529) (2.313) (0.375) (0.380) Muslim 2.359* (1.397) ln GDPPC *** (0.345) (0.463) control of corruption *** (0.490) (0.388) Trade Restrictiveness (0.0171) ( ) Observations R-squared Note: Left-hand side variable is missing imports from the US, robust s.e. in parenthesis. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1.column (Rotunno 3 sample & Vézina) is restricted to Muslim Punchinello's countries. Secret June 12, / 31
18 Coecient on No diplomatic relations" by year MFX of boycott on missing imports What changed in 2001? Morocco, Tunisia, Oman, Bahrain broke their ties. Yet these are not these driving the results, and neither are exports to Malaysia. (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
19 A possible mechanism Mortimer (2005): Some Israeli factories remove any Hebrew or 'Made in Israel' marks from products Israeli origin hidden by counterfeit Lebanese certicates of origin Do boycott countries import too much from Lebanon? (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
20 Cross section Lebanese trade gap (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) No recognition of Israel 0.451*** 0.430* 0.430* 0.459*** 0.465*** 0.526** 0.480** (0.158) (0.225) (0.229) (0.159) (0.162) (0.202) (0.218) Muslim (0.210) ln GDPPC (0.0502) (0.160) control of corruption (0.0792) (0.220) Trade Restrictiveness ( ) (0.0105) Observations R-squared Note: Left-hand side variable is missing exports from Lebanon, robust s.e. in parenthesis. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1. Column 3 sample is restricted to Muslim countries. The lower bound suggests that the import-to-export ratio from Lebanon is 50% higher in boycott countries. (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
21 Panel data analysis What happens when countries break ties or make amend? (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
22 Oman Oman puts an end to diplomatic relations Oman imports from Israel Israel exports to Oman (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
23 Iran Iran imports Israel exports (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
24 Introduction Descriptive statistics Regression analysis References Boycott status 1970 (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
25 Introduction Descriptive statistics Regression analysis References Boycott status 2012 (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
26 panel (1) (2) No Diplomatic relations 2.965*** 3.761*** (1.141) (0.979) ln GDPPC (0.442) Observations 7,206 6,104 R-squared Note: Left-hand side variables is missing imports from Israel. Country and year xed eects are included. Country-clustered s.e. in parentheses. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1. The lower bound suggests that breaking ties increases the export-to-import ratio 18 times. (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
27 What about Israeli value-added embedded in other countries' exports? Brunei Indonesia Value added ($ millions) THA CHN ESP JPN BEL GBR USA MYS DNK SGP Value added ($ millions) DEU THA ROW IND JPN KOR CHN USA MYS SGP Exporters Exporters Source: WIOD. (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
28 What about Israeli value-added embedded in other countries' exports? Malaysia Saudi Arabia Value added ($ millions) DEU IDN TWN IND THA KOR JPN CHN USA SGP Value added ($ millions) TUR BEL GBR DEU KOR CHN IND ROW SGP USA Exporters Exporters Source: WIOD. (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
29 Conclusion As in previous studies, an asymmetric policy gives rise to illicit trade Economics trumps politics? (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
30 References I DellaVigna, S. and E. L. Ferrara (2010, November). Detecting illegal arms trade. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 2(4), Fisman, R., Y. Hamao, and Y. Wang (2014, May). Nationalism and Economic Exchange: Evidence from Shocks to Sino-Japanese Relations. NBER Working Papers 20089, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Fisman, R. and S.-J. Wei (2004). Tax rates and rax evasion: evidence from missing imports in China. Journal of Political Economy 112(2), Fisman, R. and S.-J. Wei (2009, September). The smuggling of art, and the art of smuggling: Uncovering the illicit trade in cultural property and antiques. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 1(3), Michaels, G. and X. Zhi (2010). Freedom fries. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 2(3), (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
31 References II Mishra, P., A. Subramanian, and P. Topalova (2008). Taris, enforcement, and customs evasion: Evidence from India. Journal of Public Economics 92(10-11), Umana Dajud, C. (2013). Political proximity and international trade. Economics and Politics 25(3), (Rotunno & Vézina) Punchinello's Secret June 12, / 31
PABTICIPATIHG COUMTRIBS TRADE WITH BAMffl.ADKSH
RESTRICTED GENERAL AGREEMENT ON ïï&gfim TARIFFS AND TRADE Special Distribution Preferential Arrangements Among Dev"T"fif7fl ffiuatries Negotiated la GATT Original: English PABTICIPATIHG COUMTRIBS TRADE
More informationCountry Profile Saudi Arabia. Introduction
Country Profile Saudi Arabia Introduction Location Area Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen 2,149,690 sq. km Capital Riyadh Population 28,571,770 (July 2017 est.) Official
More informationCountry Profile Canada
Country Profile Canada Introduction Location Capital Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of
More informationCountry Profile China
Country Profile China Introduction Location Capital Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam Beijing Area 9,596,960 sq. km
More informationCountry Profile United States of America
Country Profile United States of America Introduction Location Capital Area Bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico Washington, DC 9,833,517 sq. km
More informationCountry Profile Togo
Country Profile Togo Introduction Location Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana Capital Lome Area 56,785 sq. km Population Official Languages Independence Day 7,965,055
More informationExports of Pakistan during the first quarter (Jul-Oct), FY18
Exports of Pakistan during the first quarter (Jul-Oct), FY18 During the first quarter (Jul-Oct), the total exports of goods were US$ 6.9 billion in fiscal year 2017 which surged to US$ 7.6 billion in fiscal
More information10 Mining of Coal and Lignite; extraction of Peat
A 01-02 Agriculture, hunting and forestry B 05 Fishing C 10-14 Mining and quarrying 10 Mining of Coal and Lignite; extraction of Peat 101 Mining and agglomeration of hard coal 102 Mining and agglomeration
More informationCorso di Economia Internazionale 1, a.a Fonte: F. di Mauro, Balassa Index
Fonte: F. di Mauro, Balassa La specializzazione produttiva della Cina si concentra sempre di piú verso settori high-tech, i settori low-tech hanno invece un peso decrescente La specializzazione della Euro
More informationAnnex A. Conversion Table International Trade Manufacturing Created by the Author
ANNEXES 157 Annex A. Conversion Table International Trade Manufacturing Created by the Author Table A.1. The conversion table International trade Manufacturing used for transposing international trade,
More informationCountry Profile Tanzania
Country Profile Tanzania Introduction Location Capital Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique Dodoma Area 947,300 sq. km Population Official Language 52,482,726 (July
More informationCountry Profile Portugal
Country Profile Portugal Introduction Location Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain Capital Lisbon Area 92,090 sq. km Population Official Languages Ethnic groups Independence
More informationJanuary/2014 Issue 07
Monthly Release of Industrial Production Statistics (IPS) Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) January/2014 Issue 07 Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) publishes the Industrial Production Statistics
More informationOctober/2013 Issue 04
Monthly Release of Industrial Production Statistics (IPS) Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) October/2013 Issue 04 Industrial Production Statistics (IPS) compilation and publication is a regular task
More informationMonthly Release of Industrial Production Statistics (IPS) Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) March/2014 Issue 09
Monthly Release of Industrial Production Statistics (IPS) Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) March/2014 Issue 09 Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) publishes the Industrial Production Statistics
More informationMonthly Release of Industrial Production Statistics (IPS) Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) July/2013 Issue 01
Monthly Release of Industrial Production Statistics (IPS) Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) July/2013 Issue 01 Industrial Production Statistics (IPS) is a regular publication of Bangladesh Bureau of
More informationCanada-Ukraine Free Trade Agreement Chart of H.S. Chapters and Canada s Commitments to Reduce Customs Duties
Canada-Ukraine Trade Agreement Chart of H.S. Chapters and Canada s Commitments to Reduce Customs Duties H.S. free 1 Live animals Up to 238% free 2 Meat and edible meat offal Up to 249% 3 Fish and crustaceans,
More informationMohsen Bahmani-Oskooee *
Vol. 52 No. 1 (MAY, 2015), 79 94 A Note on the S-Curve Dynamics of Commodity Trade between Brazil and the United States Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee * Dan Xi ** The S-curve hypothesis postulates that the correlation
More informationPro-Nafta Forecasts Have Failed Spectacularly Promised Production and Job Creation Were Based on Obsolete Assumptions
Pro-Nafta Forecasts Have Failed Spectacularly Promised Production and Job Creation Were Based on Obsolete Assumptions Billions of Dollars: U.S. Annual Current Accounts Balance With Mexico $10 Hufbauer/Schott
More informationNIC 2008 Group: 3-digit codes along with description
Annexure N: NIC 2008 Group: 3-digit codes along with description NIC-2008 (3-Digit) Group Description 011 Growing of non-perennial crops 012 Growing of perennial crops 013 Plant propagation 014 Animal
More informationDate of Release: December 2018
1 2018 Date of Release: December 2018 Introduction This publication presents statistics on the value of non-oil foreign merchandise trade, which entered or exited the territory of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi
More informationNIC 2008 CODES (Sections, Divisions and Groups) Agriculture, forestry and fishing. Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities
ANNEXURE-2 Section A Division 01 Group 011 Group 012 Group 013 Group 014 Group 015 Group 016 Group 017 Division 02 Group 021 Group 022 Group 023 Group 024 Division 03 Group 031 Group 032 Section B Division
More informationANNEX 4B: ORIGINATING GOODS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 4.3
ANNEX 4B: ORIGINATING GOODS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 4.3 Section 1: Table of Goods (in HS Code) Chapter 12 Oil Seeds and Oleaginous Fruits; Miscellaneous Grains, Seeds and Fruit; Industrial or Medicinal
More informationSPECIALIZATION TRADE INTERDEPENDENCE
Graphic Organizer SPECIALIZATION TRADE INTERDEPENDENCE Michigan Citizenship Collaborative Curriculum Page 1 of 14 Big Idea Card Big Ideas of Lesson 5, Unit 6 Countries trade with each other for the same
More informationPOWERING AMERICA S AND NEVADA S ADVANCED INDUSTRIES
POWERING AMERICA S AND NEVADA S ADVANCED INDUSTRIES Metropolitan Policy Program at BROOKINGS Las Vegas, October 2014 1 2 3 4 Context What, why Trends Strategy 2 2 3 4 1 Context 3 Real GDP 2005Q1-2014Q2
More informationRobots and Jobs: Evidence from US labor markets
Robots and Jobs: Evidence from US labor markets Daron Acemoglu 1 Pascual Restrepo 2 1 MIT: daron@mit.edu 2 Boston University pascual@bu.edu January 2018 Industrial Robots Automatic and multipurpose machines
More informationCYPRUS PAKISTAN TRADE
CYPRUS PAKISTAN TRADE 1 PAKISTAN S EXPORTS TO THE EU(28), 2016 EU is Pakistan s largest export market representing 34% of exports. PAKISTAN'S EXPORTS TO EU, 2016 Cyprus accounted for 0.07% of total EU
More information2010D0002 EN
2010D0002 EN 07.09.2012 002.001 9 ANNEX Sectors and subsectors which, pursuant to Article 10a(13) of Directive 2003/87/EC, are deemed to be exposed to a significant risk of carbon leakage 1. AT THE NACE-4
More information59th Damascus International Fair 17-26/8/2017 Public Establishment for International Fairs & Exhibitions. Fairgrounds: Airport Highway 4th Bridge
59th Damascus International Fair 17-26/8/2017 Public Establishment for International Fairs & Exhibitions. Fairgrounds: Airport Highway 4th Bridge Damascus - Syria Preface Damascus International Fair is
More informationCZECH ECONOMY. In 2016 and 1H2017. Section of Industry Economic Analyses Department. Czech Economy
CZECH ECONOMY In 2016 and 1H2017 Gross Domestic Product (constant prices, seasonally adjusted, y-o-y change, in %) 8 6 4 2 0-2 -4-6 -8 I/08 I/09 I/10 I/11 I/12 I/13 I/14 I/15 I/16 I/17 EA19 Germany USA
More informationEconomics and Business, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Dipati Ukur No.35, Bandung, Indonesia
International Business Research; Vol. 12, No. 2; 2019 ISSN 1913-9004 E-ISSN 1913-9012 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Comparative Advantage and Trade Specialization of East Asian
More informationManufactured goods by degree of manufacturing groups (SITC Rev. 3)
TDRA Manufactured goods by degree of manufacturing TDRB Labour-intensive and resource-intensive manufactures 1 611 Leather 1 612 Manufactures of leather, n.e.s.; saddlery & harness 1 613 Furskins, tanned
More informationMissouri Economic Indicator Brief: Manufacturing Industries
Missouri Economic Indicator Brief: Manufacturing Industries Manufacturing is a major component of Missouri s $293.4 billion economy. It represents 13.1 percent ($38.5 billion) of the 2015 Gross State Product
More informationDeterminants of Industrial Coagglomeration and Establishment-level Productivity (Revised)
RIETI Discussion Paper Series 15-E-077 Determinants of Industrial Coagglomeration and Establishment-level Productivity (Revised) FUJII Daisuke RIETI NAKAJIMA Kentaro Tohoku University SAITO Yukiko Umeno
More informationInformation Technology and the Japanese Growth Recovery
Information Technology and the Japanese Growth Recovery By Dale W. Jorgenson (Harvard University) Koji Nomura (Keio University) 17 th ANNUAL TRIO CONFERENCE, December 10, 2004 @Keio University, Tokyo Economic
More informationProducer Price Index (PPI) Manufacturing )2012=100( First Quarter
Manufacturing )2012=100( 2015 First Quarter Released ProducerDate: Price June Index2014 (PPI) 1 Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Key Points... 4 Producer Price Index for the first quarter of 2015 compared
More informationIndustries can be classified on the basis of raw materials, size and ownership.
Industries Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with production of goods, extraction of minerals or the provision of services. Thus we have iron and steel industry (production of goods),
More informationInformation Technology and the Japanese Growth Recovery
Information Technology and the Japanese Growth Recovery By Dale W. Jorgenson (Harvard University) and Koji Nomura (Keio University) February 14, 2006 Economic Growth in the Information Age The Information
More informationPromoting Foreign Direct Investment in The United States. Christopher Clement International Investment Specialist Invest in America
Promoting Foreign Direct Investment in The United States Christopher Clement International Investment Specialist Invest in America FDI in the U.S. Economy 5.2 million $40 billion $55 billion $190 billion
More information2015 Third Quarter. Manufacturing )2012=100( Preliminary. Producer Price Index (PPI)
Manufacturing )2012=100( 2015 Third Quarter Preliminary Released ProducerDate: PriceDecember Index (PPI) 2015 1 Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Key Points... 4 Producer Price Index for the third quarter
More informationIndustry Outlook September 2015
Industry Outlook September 2015 Manufacturing Matters in Canada A $620 billion industry 12% of GDP (18% in 2004) 1.7 million direct employees (2.2 million in 2004) The largest payroll of any business sector
More informationVolume URL: Chapter Title: Appendix E: Industrial Classification. Chapter URL:
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Outlay and Income in the United States, 1921-1938 Volume Author/Editor: Harold Barger Volume
More informationAppendix 1. Product Specific Rules. Introductory Notes. 1. For the purposes of the product specific rules set out in this Appendix:
Appendix 1 Product Specific Rules Introductory Notes 1. For the purposes of the product specific rules set out in this Appendix: (a) (i) VNM denotes the maximum value, in percentage of the ex-works price
More informationDepartment of Commerce Export Import Data Bank Import :: Country-wise all commodities
Department of Commerce Export Import Data Bank Import :: Country-wise all commodities Dated: 27/7/2018 Values in Rs. Lacs Sorted on HSCode Country: FRANCE * ITC HS Code of the Commodity is either dropped
More informationAgricultural Trade Office The U.S. Embassy, Seoul
Agricultural Trade Office The U.S. Embassy, Seoul www.atoseoul.com Data Source: Global Trade Atlas (www.gtis.com), CIF Value Basis, This presentation tracks Korea s imports of agricultural products on
More informationSchedule of Accreditation issued by United Kingdom Accreditation Service 2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames, TW18 3HR, UK
2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames, TW18 3HR, UK Accredited to ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 to provide quality Bangunan 4, Kompleks SIRIM 1 Persiaran Dato Menteri Peti Surat 7035 40911 Shah Alam
More informationPORTUGAL PAKISTAN TRADE
PORTUGAL PAKISTAN TRADE 1 PAKISTAN S EXPORTS TO THE EU(28), 2016 EU is Pakistan s largest export market representing 34% of exports. PAKISTAN'S EXPORTS TO EU, 2016 Portugal accounted for 2.3% of total
More informationClass 12 Geography Bk 1. Chapter 6 Secondary Economic Activities
CHAPTER 6 SECONDARY ACTIVITIES Questions at the end of the Chapter A. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below. 1. Which one of the following statements is wrong? 1.1 Cheap water
More informationSPAIN PAKISTAN TRADE 1
SPAIN PAKISTAN TRADE 1 PAKISTAN S EXPORTS TO THE EU(28), 2016 PAKISTAN'S EXPORTS TO EU, 2016 EU is Pakistan s largest export market representing 34% of exports. Spain accounted for 12% of total EU imports
More informationThe State of Georgia Small Business
The State of Georgia Small Business 2011 Table of Contents GEORGIA SMALL BUSINESS FACTS Georgia Small Businesses...3 Women-Owned Businesses...3 Minority-Owned Businesses...3 Firms and Employment in Georgia...3
More informationIAF MD 10:2013 IAF Mandatory Document for Assessment of CB Management of Competence in Accordance with ISO/IEC 17021:2011
IAF Mandatory Document for Assessment of CB Management of Competence in Accordance with ISO/IEC 17021:2011 4. Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 2. DEFINITIONS 3. GENERAL 4. TECHNICAL AREAS 5. DETERMINATION
More informationImportance of SMEs in Greening the Economy in Georgia
Importance of SMEs in Greening the Economy in Georgia EaP Green Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection of Georgia February 12, 2015 Kiev, Ukraine Importance of Green Economy for Georgia
More information(Korean Proposing Note)
(Korean Proposing Note) His Excellency Alejandro Foxley Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Chile Santiago, January 24th, 2008 Excellency, I have the honor to refer to the Free Trade Agreement
More informationHow New Jersey's Economy Benefits from International Trade & Investment
How New Jersey's Economy Benefits from International Trade & Investment With more than 95 percent of the world s population and 80 percent of the world s purchasing power outside the United States, future
More informationGovernment of the People s Republic of Bangladesh Monthly Release Foreign Trade Statistics February 2016 Issue-109
Government of the People s Republic of Bangladesh Monthly Release Foreign Trade Statistics February 2016 Issue-109 National Accounting Wing BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS Statistics and Informatics Division
More informationBELGIUM PAKISTAN TRADE
BELGIUM PAKISTAN TRADE 1 PAKISTAN S EXPORTS TO THE EU(28), 2016 PAKISTAN'S EXPORTS TO EU, 2016 EU is Pakistan s largest export market representing 34% of exports. Belgium accounted for 9% of total EU imports
More informationEDITORIAL COMMITTEE. CHAIRMAN Gouranga Chakraborty Executive Director MEMBERS. Md. Abdus Satter Miah General Manager
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN Gouranga Chakraborty Executive Director MEMBERS Md. Abdus Satter Miah General Manager A.K.M. Fazlul Haque Mia Deputy General Manager Md. Mohib Ullah Mia Joint Director Mohammad
More informationThe Transformational Dynamics of the US-Japan Economic Relationship
September 7, 2018 UNL, Yeutter Institute The Transformational Dynamics of the US-Japan Economic Relationship Clayton Yeutter Institute of International Trade and Finance Ralph Inforzato, Chief Executive
More informationA Hiring Engine: A Breakdown of the Job Openings in Manufacturing
A Hiring Engine: A Breakdown of the Job Openings in By Chad Moutray, Ph.D., CBE In many ways, manufacturing in America has never been doing better. The National Association of Manufacturers quarterly Manufacturers
More informationDisbursements (In thousands of dollars, not adjusted for inflation) Industry
Wage and Salary by NAICS Industry for Iowa: 2001-2009 1 (In thousands of dollars, not adjusted for inflation) Industry 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Wage and salary disbursements by place
More informationNETHERLANDS PAKISTAN TRADE
NETHERLANDS PAKISTAN TRADE 1 PAKISTAN S EXPORTS TO THE EU(28), 2016 EU is Pakistan s largest export market representing 34% of exports. PAKISTAN'S EXPORTS TO EU, 2016 Netherlands accounted for 9% of total
More informationGERMANY PAKISTAN TRADE
GERMANY PAKISTAN TRADE 1 PAKISTAN S EXPORTS TO THE EU(28), 2016 EU is Pakistan s largest export market representing 34% of exports. Germany accounted for 17% of total EU imports from Pakistan in 2016.
More informationAccession of Tajikistan: WTO Accession Experience of a double landlocked Economy in a Changing Regional Economic Configuration.
How to Prepare for WTO Membership: Experience of Tajikistan Accession of Tajikistan: WTO Accession Experience of a double landlocked Economy in a Changing Regional Economic Configuration. By Saidrahmon
More informationNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CONSUMPTION NETWORK EFFECTS. Giacomo De Giorgi Anders Frederiksen Luigi Pistaferri
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CONSUMPTION NETWORK EFFECTS Giacomo De Giorgi Anders Frederiksen Luigi Pistaferri Working Paper 22357 http://www.nber.org/papers/w22357 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050
More informationGENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE
RESTRICTED GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE L/2325 23 December 1964 Limited Distribution CENTRAL AMERICAN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION Annual Report (1964) by the Government of Nicaragua Original: Spanish
More informationImports S.No. Commodity (Apr-Feb)
ROMANIA Economy Romania's industries are concentrated in textiles, footwear, light machinery, auto assembly, mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, and petroleum
More informationOnline Supplement. A sectoral decomposition of the SDC alliances from 1990 to 2005 shows that a broad range of sectors
Online Supplement A. Figure S1: Sectoral Decomposition of SDC Alliances, 1990-2005 A sectoral decomposition of the SDC alliances from 1990 to 2005 shows that a broad range of sectors exhibited the surge
More informationSchedule of Accreditation issued by United Kingdom Accreditation Service 2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames, Middlesex, TW18 3HR, UK
2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames, Middlesex, TW18 3HR, UK Worldwide Quality Assurance provide quality management systems certification Severn House Mandale Business Park Durham DH1 1TH
More informationType of non-obnoxious and non-nuisance type of service or Light industries permissible in residential zones.
ANNEXURE ANNEXURE I Type of non-obnoxious and non-nuisance type of service or Light industries permissible in residential zones. 1. Production of copra 2. Processing of arecanut 3. Rice and Flour Mills.
More information2001 Census of Industrial Production Provisional Results
18 July 2003 Industrial Local Units, 1991 - Census of Industrial Production Provisional Results Gross Output Industrial Local Units Net Output 000m 1991 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 110 100 90 80
More informationCompany Law Enforcement Act 2001
Company Law Enforcement Act 2001 Guidance Notes for the completion of Liquidators Reports under section 56 of the Company Law Enforcement Act 2001 (CLEA) CONTENTS INTRODUCTION COMPLETION OF THE REPORT
More informationThe TFG Guide: Top Countries to Export from. Your quick guide to understanding local markets when planning and exporting from abroad.
The TFG Guide: Top Countries to Export from Your quick guide to understanding local markets when planning and exporting from abroad. BRAZIL Brazil is an export hotspot, with the largest population in
More informationISRAEL FROM ORANGES TO APPLE
ISRAEL FROM ORANGES TO APPLE ISRAEL AT A GLANCE Population + 8 million Population growth rate: 1.9% Religious Affiliation: 75% Jewish, 17.5% Muslims. 2% Christian (mostly Arabs) and 1.6% Druze Official
More informationFREE-TRADE AREA BETWEEN NICARAGUA AND EL SALVADOR. Sixth Annual Report (1957) by the Government of Nicaragua
RESTRICTED GENERAL AGREEMENT ON L/«83 TARIFFS AND TRADE 27 September 1957 Limited distribution Original: Spanish FREE-TRADE AREA BETWEEN NICARAGUA AND EL SALVADOR Sixth Annual Report (1957) by the Government
More informationClient Alert: New customs rates to be applied in Iraq as of 1 January 2018
31 December 2018 Client Alert: New customs rates to be applied in Iraq as of 1 January 2018 By Ahmed Al-Janabi The Iraq General Commission of ( IGCC ) has issued a statement announcing the amendment of
More informationSOR/97-63 CUSTOMS TARIFF
CIFTA Rules of Origin Regulations (SOR/97-63) Enabling Statute: Customs Tariff Regulation current to January 25th, 2011 Attention: See coming into force provision and notes, where applicable. CIFTA Rules
More informationPOLAND PAKISTAN TRADE
POLAND PAKISTAN TRADE 1 PAKISTAN S EXPORTS TO THE EU(28), 2016 PAKISTAN'S EXPORTS TO EU, 2016 EU is Pakistan s largest export market representing 34% of exports. Poland accounted for 3% of total EU imports
More informationIP-Intensive Manufacturing Industries: Driving U.S. Economic Growth
IP-Intensive Manufacturing Industries: Driving U.S. Economic Growth September 2017 About the Author Nam D. Pham is Managing Partner of ndp analytics, a strategic research firm that specializes in economic
More informationVolume Title: The Demand and Supply of Scientific Personnel. Volume Author/Editor: David M. Blank and George J. Stigler
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: The Demand and Supply of Scientific Personnel Volume Author/Editor: David M. Blank and George
More informationOffshoring and the Skill Structure of Labour Demand
Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies www.wiiw.ac.at Offshoring and the Skill Structure of Labour Demand Neil Foster*, Robert
More informationContact address Statistical Center of Iran (SCI), NO1, Corner of Rahi Mayeri St., Dr. Fatemi Ave, Tehran, ,Iran
Asia-Pacific Economic Statistics Week Seminar Component Bangkok, 2 4 May 2016 Name of author : Hojjat Akbarian, Nader Hakimipour, Mohamad Sadegh Alipour Organization Statistical Center Of Iran Contact
More informationChairman of the Government of the Russian Federation Viktor Chernomyrdin
DECISION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION NO. 1013 OF AUGUST 13, 1997 ON THE APPROVAL OF THE LIST OF GOODS THAT SHALL BE SUBJECT TO OBLIGATORY CERTIFICATION AND THE LIST OF WORKS AND SERVICES
More informationAn Integrated Industrial Policy for the Globalisation Era
Ref. Ares(2014)2686331-14/08/2014 An Integrated Industrial Policy for the Globalisation Era John Farnell Director, DG Enterprise and Industry HEADING FOR 2020 sustainable inclusive smart 7 flagship initiatives
More informationSchedule of Accreditation issued by United Kingdom Accreditation Service 2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames, TW18 3HR, UK
2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames, TW18 3HR, UK Accredited to ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 to provide quality The Base Dartford Business Park Victoria Road Kent DA1 5FS Contact: Krystyna Stephens
More informationE-COMMERCE AS A TOOL FOR DEVELOPMENT : ANALYTICAL AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE ARUN JACOB
E-COMMERCE AS A TOOL FOR DEVELOPMENT : ANALYTICAL AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE ARUN JACOB CONTENTS Context Defining e-commerce Analysing digital trade : challenges and approaches Regional trends in digital
More informationCity-REDI Policy Briefing Series
City-REDI Policy Briefing Series December 2017 An Assessment of Brexit Risks for 54 Industries: Most Services Industries are also Exposed By Bart Los, Wen Chen, Philip McCann and Raquel Ortega-Argilés
More informationOVERVIEW THE INDONESIA TEXTILE INDUSTRY
OVERVIEW THE INDONESIA TEXTILE INDUSTRY RAMON BANGUN Director of Textile and Multifarious Industry Directorate General for Manufacturing Industry Base Ministry of Industry October, 2014 1 Non Oil Industries
More informationConvergence of classifications
Statistical Commission Thirty-third session 5-8 March 2002 Room document supporting E/CN.3/2002/21 Convergence of classifications This documents shows two appendices describing the sector descriptions
More informationMEMBERS OF THE TRADE REFORM ACTION COALITION (TRAC)
MEMBERS OF THE TRADE REFORM ACTION COALITION (TRAC) An alliance of U.S. companies, trade associations, unions and workers in the automative parts, chemicals, coal, color televi sions, fiber/textile/apparel,
More informationFREE TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN UKRAINE AND TURKMENISTAN. Annex Information on the regional trade agreement
FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN UKRAINE AND TURKMENISTAN Annex Information on the regional trade agreement FREE TRADE AGREEMENT between the Government of Ukraine and the Government of Turkmenistan 1. Membership:
More informationGovernment of the People s Republic of Bangladesh Monthly Release Foreign Trade Statistics March, 2016 Issue-110
Government of the People s Republic of Bangladesh Monthly Release Foreign Trade Statistics March, 2016 Issue-110 National Accounting Wing BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS Statistics and Informatics Division
More informationNorway Resource management and nation building
Norway Resource management and nation building Johan A. Alstad Deputy Director General Norwegian The Canon Institute for Global Studies Tokyo 22 September 2010 The Norwegian Continental Shelf Norway Land
More informationANNEX 2A1 PRODUCTS SUBJECT TO STATE TRADING (IMPORT) PRODUCTS NO HS NO DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCTS
ANNEX 2A1 PRODUCTS SUBJECT TO (IMPORT) PRODUCTS NO HS NO DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCTS 1 10011000 Durum wheat 2 10019010 Seed of wheat & maslin, excl. durum wheat 3 10019090 Wheat & maslin, excl. for seeding
More informationThe economic consequences of Brexit for the Portuguese Economy and Companies
The economic consequences of Brexit for the Portuguese Economy and Companies Executive Summary Studying the consequences of Brexit requires the construction of simple scenarios that can identify the main
More information2003 SIC Codes SECTION A - Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
2003 SIC Codes SECTION A - Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 0111 Growing of cereals (except rice), leguminous crops and oil seeds 0111 Growing of other non-perennial crops 0111 growing of oleaginous fruits
More informationAUSTRIA PAKISTAN TRADE
AUSTRIA PAKISTAN TRADE 1 PAKISTAN S EXPORTS TO THE EU(28), 2016 EU is Pakistan s largest export market representing 34% of exports. Greece, 1% Austria Sweden, 2% 0.2% Denmark, 2% Poland, 3% Portugal, 2%
More informationPOLAND PAKISTAN TRADE
POLAND PAKISTAN TRADE 1 PAKISTAN S EXPORTS TO THE EU(28), 2017 Denmark, 2% Sweden, 2% Portugal, 2% Other, Poland, 3% 6% United Kingdom, 22% EU is Pakistan s largest export market representing 34% of exports.
More informationScience, Technology & Innovation Indicators
Science, Technology & Innovation Indicators Adnan Badran NASIC Conference cum Workshop on Herbal Drug Development for Socio-economic Uplift in Developing World The University of Jordan, September 6-8,
More informationThe China Effect on Italian Exports
The China Effect on Italian Exports Giorgia Giovannetti,, Marco Sanfilippo and Margherita Velucchi Workshop The Chinese Economy, Venice 25-27 November 2010 Outlineofthe presentation Contribution Theoretical
More informationCauses & Impact of Industrialization
Causes & Impact of Industrialization From Agriculture to Industry At the time of the Civil War, the leading source of economic growth was agriculture. Forty years later, manufacturing had taken its place.
More information