Practice Regimen. for Beginning Musicians. Learn how to focus your practice time to get the most out of it. By Ralph Martin
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1 Practice Regimen for Beginning Musicians Learn how to focus your practice time to get the most out of it. By Ralph Martin 1
2 Written by Ralph Martin January 2008 All Rights Reserved 2
3 Purpose The purpose of your practice time is to create a strong foundation on which to base your performance. Using this guide along with a music teacher will help you to reap the best benefits from your practice sessions. This will take time, patience, persistence and determination. Consistent daily practice is best way to make progress in playing an instrument. Musicians can be called small muscle athletes. Instead of working large muscles groups that sports athletes use, musicians generally use the smaller muscles of the head, hands, arms, legs etc. But just like sport athletes we need to train on a very regular and consistent basis. Starting with this Practice Regimen for Beginners you will be creating that foundation. If you follow this regimen faithfully you can go from 60 bpm (beats per minute) to 120 bpm in four to six months. Your playing will sound better and more confident by that time. Music is what feelings sound like. ~ Author Unknown Start Up Preparation Print out and use the next page as a template for directions on the following pages. Play the music, not the instrument. ~ Author Unknown 3
4 Practice Regimen for Beginners 1. Date: 2. Choose a tonic note: a. B b B C D b D E b E F F# G A b A 3. Choose a tempo: 4. Long pivot tones: chromatic 5. Slow movement from classical piece 6. Scales: h, q, e e a. major b. Natural Minor c. Harmonic Minor d. Melodic Minor 7. Intervals: 3rds, 4ths, 5ths, 6ths, 7ths 8. Arpeggios - Triads: h, q, e e a. Major b. Minor c. Diminished d. Augmented 9. Songs 4
5 Preparation Suggestions before starting Make sure your instrument is in good working order Have the music you are using ready Have a sharp pencil for notes Tuner a electronic chromatic is best Metronome A must, I like the lighted electronic one s best Ideally, your practice should include: Have a good private place to practice Set practice time A regular practice regimen Don t skip the Long Pivot Notes in the beginning of your practice. Most of us want to just get to it, but the long tones warm up your muscles for playing, gets your mind and ear set for playing, and lastly, helps improve tone, pitch consistency and technique on your instrument. This is the time to work on some of the small stuff. You reap benefits later in your practice, you will play with better tone and technique even when you are too busy working on other music. Music is the shorthand of emotion. ~ Leo Tolstoy 5
6 Step One Pivot Note Write the date on Practice Regimen form Begin with warm ups Select a tonic note below Bb B C Db D Eb E F F#/Gb G Ab A On the next session select the next chromatic note. For example: on day one pick Bb, on day two select B, next day select C and so on. You are the music while the music lasts. ~ T.S. Eliott Step Two Tempo Select a tempo Keep this tempo for the next 12 sessions Start slow 60 mm (metronome marking or bpm - beats per minute) After 12 sessions move the tempo up 1 or 2 notches For Example: start at 60 mm for 12 sessions (the whole chromatic scale Bb to A), then move up to 64 mm for the next 12 sessions, etc. Take your time moving up the tempo; moving up in small increments is better than trying to increase the tempo too fast. Music is love in search of a word. ~ Sidney Lanier 6
7 Step Three Warm Ups Long pivot tones Tune you instrument. Be sure to try a variety of notes with a tuner. Start metronome at your current speed The note you picked is the pivot tone Start first by playing all whole notes (4 beats each note) Play your lowest practical pivot tone example Bb Play the next chromatic note up (1/2 step) Example B Go back to your pivot note Example Bb Play a note two half steps up Example C Go back to your pivot note Example Bb Play a note three half steps up Example Db Continue all the way up the chromatic scale to the octave At the octave do the same thing backwards, but use dotted half notes instead (3 beats each note) At the original pivot tone, go back up again, but use half notes this time (2 beats each note) At the octave, go down again, but this time use quarter notes (1 beat each note) At the original pivot tone, go back up again, but this time use eighth notes (one half beat for each note or two notes per beat) 7
8 The point of this exercise not to rush thru the notes, but to warm up gently Play each note sounding it s best, your best possible tone or sound Move from note to note as smoothly and cleanly as possible You've got to learn your instrument. Then, you practice, practice, practice. And then, when you finally get up there on the bandstand, forget all that and just wail. ~ Charlie Parker 8
9 Step Four Slow Movement Play a slow movement from a classical piece or a slow song Keep using your metronome Concentrate on musicality, correct sound, proper timing, dynamics etc. Playing correctly is a must. Keep it slow enough so that you can play it well. Practicing it wrong will only lead to playing it wrong. If it's difficult to play the piece right, slow it down enough that you can play all the notes in correct rhythm, no matter how slow that is. When you can play the whole piece correctly slowly three times in a row, then you can start to speed the song it up. But never practice a song at a speed that is faster than you can handle. If you don't make mistakes, you aren't really trying. ~ Coleman Hawkings 9
10 Step Five Scales With your metronome going at your selected tempo, start on your pivot note, play the major scale, all the way up and down your instrument with half notes (two beats per note) Then play the scale with quarter notes (one beat per note) Last play the scale with eighth notes (two notes per beat) You should memorize all of your scales! (If you do not have all your scales memorized, play just the major scales, skip the minors, until the major scale are memorized. Then add one minor scale at a time until you have memorized them as well.) C major scale example Repeat the same thing you just did with the major scale with the natural minor scale The natural minor scale has the same notes as the major scale, but starts on the sixth degree of the major scale (C major > A minor) A natural minor scale example 10
11 Repeat the same thing you just did with the major scale with harmonic minor scale The harmonic minor scale is same as the natural scale except raise the seventh degree one half step (example: in A minor G becomes G#) A harmonic minor scale example Notice the G# Repeat the same thing you just did with the major scale with melodic minor scale The melodic minor scale is same as the natural scale except raise the seventh and sixth degree one half step (example: in A minor G becomes G# and F becomes F#) A melodic minor scale (classical variation) example Notice the F# and G# ascending and F and G descending A melodic minor scale (jazz variation) example Notice the F# and G# Music is your own experience, your thoughts, your wisdom. If you don't live it, it won't come out of your horn. ~ Charlie Parker 11
12 Step Six Interval Exercises Intervals - Thirds Using your metronome, play the major scale in thirds using half notes, then quarter notes and lastly eighth notes Example: in the C major scale: play 1 then 3, 2 then 4, 3 then 5, 4 then 6, 5 then 7, 6 then 8, 7 then 2, etc. i.e. c e, d f, e-g, f-a, g-b, a-c, b-d, c etc Memorize all these scale exercises too! C major scale in thirds example Intervals - Fourths Play the major scale in fourths using half notes, then quarter notes and lastly eighth notes Example: in the C major scale: play 1 then 4, 2 then 5, 3 then 6, 4 then 7, 5 then 8, 6 then 2, 7 then 3, etc. i.e. c f, d g, e-a, f-b, g-c, a-d, b-e, c etc C major scale in fourths example 12
13 Intervals - Fifths Play the major scale in fifths using half notes, then quarter notes and lastly eighth notes Example: in the C major scale: play 1 then 5, 2 then 6, 3 then 7, 4 then 8, 5 then 2, 6 then 3, 7 then 4, etc. i.e. c g, d a, e-b, f-c, g-d, a-e, b-f, c etc C major scale in fifths example Intervals - Sixths Play the major scale in sixths using half notes, then quarter notes and lastly eighth notes Example: in the C major scale: play 1 then 6, 2 then 7, 3 then 8, 4 then 2, 5 then 3, 6 then 4, 7 then 5, etc. i.e. c a, d b, e-c, f-d, g-e, a-f, b-g, c etc C major scale in sixths example 13
14 Intervals - Sevenths Play the major scale in sevenths using half notes, then quarter notes and lastly eighth notes Example: in the C major scale: play 1 then 7, 2 then 8, 3 then 2, 4 then 3, 5 then 4, 6 then 5, 7 then 6, etc. i.e. c b, d c, e-d, f-e, g-f, a-g, b-a, c etc C major scale in sevenths example Intervals - Octaves Play the major scale in octaves using half notes, then quarter notes and lastly eighth notes Example: in the C major scale: play 1 then 8, 2 then 9, etc. i.e. c c, d d, e-e, f-f, g-g, a-a, b-b, c-c, etc C major scale in octaves example Intervals If you are ambitious, do the same interval practice with all the minor scales Natural Minor, Harmonic Minor, & Melodic Minor Sometimes you have to play a long time to be able to play like yourself. ~ Miles Davis 14
15 Step Seven Arpeggios Major Triad Using your metronome, starting on your pivot note, play the major triad, (1, 3, 5 of the major scale) all the way up and down your instrument with half notes (two beats per note) [see below for articulations] Then, play the triad with quarter notes (one beat per note) Next, play the triad with eighth notes (two notes per beat) Last, play the triad in triplets (three notes per beat) Memorize all these triads too! C major triad example 15
16 Minor Triad Play the minor triad, (1, b3, 5 of the major scale lower the third by one half step) all the way up and down your instrument with half notes (two beats per note) Then, play the triad with quarter notes (one beat per note) Next, play the triad with eighth notes (two notes per beat) Last, play the triad in triplets (three notes per beat) 16
17 Diminished Triad Play the diminished triad, (1, b3, b5 of the major scale lower the third and the fifth by one half step) all the way up and down your instrument with half notes (two beats per note) Then, play the triad with quarter notes (one beat per note) Next, play the triad with eighth notes (two notes per beat) Last, play the triad in triplets (three notes per beat) 17
18 Augmented Triad Play the augmented triad, (1, 3, #5 of the major scale raise the fifth by one half step) all the way up and down your instrument with half notes (two beats per note) Then, play the triad with quarter notes (one beat per note) Next, play the triad with eighth notes (two notes per beat) Last, play the triad in triplets (three notes per beat) 18
19 Articulations z Play the above triads using the articulation (tonguing) examples below z C triad articulation example z C major C minor C diminished C augmented 19
20 The pause is as important as the note. ~ Truman Fisher 20
21 Step Eight Assignments Finally, play any songs, books, methods etc. you are working on or assigned to you by your teacher. Or just play something you enjoy playing. This is the part when you should really be having fun! A jazz musician is a juggler who uses harmonies instead of oranges. ~Benny Green Last Step! If time is limited do step one through four and the major scale from step five. Fifteen minutes playing is better than none at all! Then do any assigned materials from your teacher(s) Do this everyday as much as possible You will improve, but only if you are consistent and patient. Concentrate when practicing. If you can t concentrate, stop and continue at another time. ~ Wynton Marsalis. Or go for a short walk and then return to practice again. 21
22 When the music changes, so does the dance. ~ African Proverb 22
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