Complete the following simile: Writing is like.

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1 Complete the following simile: Writing is like.

2 August 21, 2012

3 Writing is like a guitar. Guitars have six different strings. Each string has a different note or tone to it. Some are high, and some are low. If you were to play a song with one string, the song would be rather dull, boring, and monotonous. However, if the six strings are played together and they are given an interesting rhythm, the gorgeous melody floats across the room and stirs the soul. Writing is the same in many ways. There are many different elements, rules, and steps that need to be followed. Without all of the elements, the writing lacks something. With all of the elements, and a little interesting creativity, the writing can also stir the soul. -Brian Hatch (

4 Ideas Organization Voice Word Choice Sentence Fluency Conventions

5 Ideas are the heart to any piece of writing. Ideas are all about information. In a good creative piece, ideas paint pictures in a reader s mind. In an informational piece, strong ideas make hard-to-penetrate text reader friendly. Two things make ideas work well: clarity and details. Good writing always makes sense. And it includes details-not just any old details, mind you, but those beyond-the-obvious bits of information that thoughtful, observant writers notice.

6 1. Be an observer. Notice the world around you. Learn to see what others miss. 2. Write small. Big topics are unwieldy, and lead to boring generalities. 3. Pick your own topics. This is what real writers do. Be original. 4. Get rid of deadwood. Separate the good details from the snoozers 5. Don t try to tell too much. Think of writing as a kind of home movie on paper. Get to the point. Then, stop. 6. Don t generalize. Words like good, exciting, fun, special, and nice say nothing. They re worse than nothing because they re annoying. They make your readers do all the work.

7 Organization is the internal structure of the piece. Once a writer has assembled his/her information and thoughts, it s time to put things together in a way that makes sense and that holds the reader s attention. The writer must ask, Where do I begin? What do I say next? And after that, How do I wrap it all up? Good organization makes writing as easy to follow as a well-laid-out road map. The reader moves effortlessly from one thought to the next, and his/her interest and understanding grow throughout the piece until-boom! The power of a justright conclusion brings the discussion to a close.

8 1. Spend time on a good lead. It s worth it. This is how you hook your reader and you get three seconds to do it- that s it. 2. Have a center. Like the hub of a wheel. That hub is like your focus. A main idea. A theme. 3. Gather information in chunks. Put things together that go together. Group things. Get rid of filler - anything you don t need. 4. Try to see a pattern. Find a good match between the kind of writing you are doing and the way you structure your information. 5. Link ideas together. Every time you write a sentence you need to ask yourself, What does this have to do with the main point I m making? Nothing? Toss it out! 6. End with flair. Nothing squelches a good piece of writing like a weak ending. Good endings raise a question in the reader's mind, show some new insight, leave the reader with a startling image or a surprise, or suggest a new story to come.

9 Voice is many things: individuality, perspective, expressiveness, sensitivity to audience, enthusiasm for a topic, confidence- and so much more. Voice has the power to hold a reader s attention and to make the reading more enjoyable. It also reveals something of the writer, and the stronger the voice, the deeper the revelation. Even informational pieces can (and should) have a strong voice, the kind of voice that resonates from a writer s knowledge of and respect for his/her topic, along with the desire to bring that topic to life for the reader.

10 1. Be yourself. Fingerprints on the page. Immediately identifiable. You- the one, the only. 2. Match voice to purpose. A mystery story told round the campfire with long shadows flickering all around has one kind of voice. A business letter your firm sends out to recruit new clients has another. Know the sound you re going for. 3. Think of your audience. Who are they? Write right to them. 4. Care. If you re bored, why should your reader care? Write as if your topic were the most fascinating subject in the world. Maybe it is. 5. Know your topic. Do your research. Knowledge puts confidence into your voice. 6. Think of everything as a letter. Almost nothing-except perhaps poetry-can match the voice of a good letter. So, imagine you re writing a letter even when you re not. You ll be surprised at the difference.

11 In good writing, the word choice is clear, precise and colorful. It is marked by thoughtful selection of that just right word that conveys both the meaning and attitude the writer wishes to project. Good writers learn to spend words like money, making each one count. They also learn that strong verbs give writing energy, while truckloads of adjectives and adverbs do little more than weigh the text down. Strong word choice is free of heavy language. It s also free of fluffy language: nice, fun, wonderful, great. It is clean, clear and to the point- sometimes quotable.

12 1. Keep a journal. On one page, write down favorite words- words like rhythm, serendipity, legendary, charisma, sleuth, cosmos, echo, kaleidoscope. And on another page, jot down words you re tired of- nice, fun, far out, stuff, special, and so on. 2. Collect quotations. Collect the good- and the not so good. 3. Think of another way to say it. Alice was angry. How else could you say that? Quick! Alice was vexed, provoked, furious, fuming, livid, hysterical, storming, frenzied, freaked out, beside herself, explosive, and agitated. 4. Think verbs. No adjective on earth can compete with a good verb. So, don t move forward when you can lunge. Don t simply walk down the street if you could trudge, shuffle, meander, or saunter. 5. Make a picture. Remember when you were small and you wrote mostly in pictures? Add those same details- only do it with words. 6. Cut the fat. Words only have power ONLY if they carry their own weight. So let them. Get rid of words you don t need.

13 Sentence fluency is the rhythm and flow of sentences that makes a text both easy and pleasurable to read. When sentence fluency is strong, it is easy to read a text aloud with lots of interpretation and inflection; it dances gracefully from one sentence to the next. Strong sentence fluency is also marked by variety in both sentence length and structure. Variety lends interest to the text and helps keep sleepy readers awake.

14 1. Read Aloud. Make a habit of reading everything you write aloud. How else will know how it sounds? Are some parts hard to get through? Now s the time to fix that. 2. Combine. Doing a creative piece? Narrative or personal essay? For smooth rhythm and flow, combine sentences and stretch others out a bit. 3. Keep it crisp. On the other hand, if you re doing a business letter or technical piece, the last thing you want is long, tangly sentences in which your reader can get lost. Short sentences make complex information easy to follow. 4. Check out those first four words. When you use the same openers over and over, it has numbing effect on your readers brains: I enjoy football. I love football. I think that football s the best. 5. Don t get breathless. Some writers get carried away when they re writing and forget to separate one sentence from another. Stop one thought before you start another. 6. Read other people s writing aloud. Find the most fluent writing you can- from Shakespeare, Winnie the Pooh, Gary Paulsen, Carl Sagan, Sandra Cisneros, even the Beatles. Read it aloud and really listen to the rhythms.

15 Anything a copy editor might deal with falls under the heading of conventions: spelling, punctuation, capitalization, paragraphing, grammar and usage.

16 1. Edit two ways. Many people, even professional editors, find they catch many errors in hard copy they missed completely on screen. So, edit on screen first. Then, print out your work and look again. 2. Read from the bottom up. When you re looking for spelling errors, read from the bottom up. That way, you won t focus on meaning and you won t skip right over words that aren t spelled right. 3. Make all rough drafts double spaced. Give yourself room to read, room to work. Open up your text so you can put in new words, make arrows, move stuff around, make bold cross-outs. 4. Learn copy editor s symbols. Learn to use copy editor s symbols in editing your own hard copy text, and know what they mean. 5. Start in the middle. Good editors go through a copy more than once. And the second time around, start in the middle and give part the attention it deserves. 6. Be a sleuth. Like a good detective, you have to look- so to speak- under the carpet, behind the curtains, in the corners, in the cracks and crevices where the mistakes hide. Then- look again! Lots of errors are over looked by hasty editors.

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