The Old Testament and the New Testament

Transcription

1 The Old Testament and the New Testament UNIT 2, LESSON 4 Learning Goals The Scriptures are composed of the Old and New Testaments. The Old Testament Canon is composed of 46 books, and the New Testament Canon is composed of 27 books. While the Old and New Testaments are made up of a variety of books and written in various literary styles, together they make up one story known as Salvation History. The Old Testament, while it has value on its own, should be read in the light of Christ for a full and proper understanding. The Old Testament speaks of the deeds and words of God revealing Himself to His people in preparation for the sending of His son, Jesus. The New Testament provides eyewitness accounts of the life of Christ and the beginnings of the Church. The Old Testament prefigures the New Testament, and the New Testament fulfills the Old Testament. Connection to the Catechism of the Catholic Church CCC Vocabulary Canon of Scripture Old Testament New Testament Salvation History Covenant Type Typology BIBLICAL TOUCHSTONES I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and hers; They will strike at your head, while you strike at their heel. GENESIS 3:15 And he said to them, Oh, how foolish you are! How slow of heart to believe all that the prophets spoke! Was it not necessary that the Messiah should suffer these things and enter into his glory? Then beginning with Moses and all the prophets, he interpreted to them what referred to him in all the scriptures. LUKE 24:

2 Lesson Plan Materials An Introduction to the Bible Note- Taking Aid Major Covenants throughout Scripture Connecting the Old and New Testaments Heroes of the Bible Salvation History through Art Discussion Questions Understanding Covenants Icon of the Transfiguration Applying Typology Teacher Resource: Covenant Cards Teacher Resource: Typology Strips DAY ONE Warm-Up A. Create a prayerful atmosphere in the room. Dim the lights if possible. Prepare a table in the front of the room with a crucifix and a candle. B. Lead your students in a Bible Enthronement Prayer service using the format at org/beliefs-and-teachings/how-we-teach/catechesis/catechetical-sunday/word-of-god/ upload/family-enthronement-of-bible.pdf. Note: This Bible Enthronement Prayer service was written specifically to be done in a home with a family but can easily be adapted for a classroom. You may choose to alter the language if you find it necessary to suit a classroom. An Introduction to the Bible Note-Taking Aid When Was the Directions: Bible Written? Fill in the blanks as your teacher goes over the information on the PowerPoint. 9. Wr i t t e n b e t w e e n. What Is Sacred Scripture? Old and 10. New Old Testaments Testament: Parts during, the bulk of it was written 1. S c r i p t u r e i s t h e w r i t t e n d o w n a n d. t o u s t h r o u g h o u t h i s t o r y. 23. Define Testament: 11. N e w Te s t a m e n t :. 2. S a c r e d S c r i p t u r e i s. By Whom Was 3. the I n tbible h e S a c rwritten? e d B o o k s t h e w h o i s i n 24. T h e O l d Te s t a m e n t i s i n t h e a n d c o m e s t o m e e t h i s a n d t h e 12. T h e O l d Te s t a m e n t w a s w i s r i t t e n b y i n t h e. w i t h t h e m (C C C ) T h e N e w Te s t a m e n t w a s w r i t t e n b y. 25. The Old Testament is Salvation the story of. History The authors lived in the Holy Land and also in other parts of the world, such as Greece and 26. I t n e e Egypt. d s t o b e r e a d i n t 4. h e The l i g h t Scriptures o f comprise the story of. our known as. 27. The Old How Testament Did the has Canon its Come to Be? as well and a lot can be learned f r o m i t 5. Define Salvation. History: T h e h i s t o r y o f c o m i n g t o 14. The Church, under the guidance of the i n t i m e t h r o u g h t h e has o f H i s 28. The New the Testament focuses. to determine a which n d books belong in the s o t h a t w e m i g h t b e 29. T h e a r e t h o e f S c r i p t u r e. f r o m w e h a v e f o r t h e l i f e o f. f r o m H i m. 15. Define Canon of Scripture:. 30. The Old Testament and the New Testament are a collection of several 16. AD 393 Council A Living of t h a t Word m a k e u p : List of books s for t o r the y! Canon issued. 17. AD 3397 Council 6. The of Scriptures are a. : Same list given We again. must ask God to open our minds to understand the Scriptures and apply them to our own lives. 18. AD 1546 Council of : Makes a definite decree that the Canon as we know it 7. today S c r i is p t the u r e list i s t h of e w books o r d o inspired f G o d by God. i n w o r d s. 8. S t. s a y s, I g n o r a n c e o f i s Division of Books in the Old Testament i g n o r a n c e o f. 19. B o o k s 20. B o o k s 21. B o o k s 22. B o o k s C. You may read the part of the leader or choose one of the students to read it. Choose a student to read one of the suggested Scripture passages. Activity Have students turn to An Introduction to the Bible Note-Taking Aid (page 83) in their workbooks. Ask them to complete the worksheet as you conduct a mini-lecture using the PowerPoint An Introduction to the Bible found at SophiaInstituteforTeachers.org/ spiritoftruthsupplements SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

3 LESSON PLAN Formative Assessment A. Arrange students in groups of three or four. Have them turn to Connecting the Old and New Testaments (page 86) and complete it together in their groups. B. When they have finished, review and discuss the correct answers as a class. C. Have students turn to Heroes of the Bible (page 89) in their workbooks and then quietly and reflectively complete Heroes of the Bible. You may play reflective or meditative music while they work on it, or they may complete it in silence. Heroes of the Bible Connecting the Old and New Testaments Directions: Read the following passage from Scripture and then complete the questions that follow. 3. Which names here do you recognize from the Old Testament? How does this help you see and understand the connection between them and Jesus a little more? Matthew 1:1-17 The Genealogy of Jesus K. Jesus suffers, dies, and rises from the dead. The book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the father of Hezekiah. Hezekiah became the son of David, the son of Abraham. the father of Manasseh, Manasseh the Abraham became the father of Isaac, Isaac L. Moses father gives the of Amos, Israelites Amos the the 10 Commandments. father of Josiah. the father of Jacob, 4. Jacob Based the on what father you of know about Josiah the Old became Testament the father and this of Jechoniah genealogy, and try to place the Judah and his brothers. following Judah events became in the chronological his brothers order. Number at the each time event of the in Babylonian order, father of Perez and Zerah, whose mother M. Jesus ascends exile. After into the Heaven. Babylonian exile, Jechoniah was Tamar. Perez became the A. father David of becomes king, became and the God father makes of a Shealtiel, covenant Shealtiel with Hezron, Hezron the father of Ram, David, Ram N. promising the the Christ is his father born. son an of everlasting Zerubbabel, throne. Zerubbabel the father of Amminadab. Amminadab became father of Abiud. Abiud became the father the father of Nahshon, Nahshon the father of Eliakim, Eliakim the father of Azor, Azor B. God asks Abraham to sacrifice Isaac but spares him in the end. of Salmon, Salmon the father of Boaz, the father of Zadok. Zadok became the O. After Adam and Eve sin, God promises them He will send a Savior. whose mother was Rahab. Boaz became the father of Achim, Achim the father of Eliud, father of Obed, whose mother C. was The Ruth. Holy Spirit descends Eliud the on father of Apostles, Eleazar. and Eleazar they begin became their Obed became the father of Jesse, mission Jesse P. of Joshua spreading the leads father gospel Israelites of Matthan, to the into ends Matthan the Promised of the the earth. father Land after 40 years in the desert. the father of David the king. David became of Jacob, Jacob the father of Joseph, the the father of Solomon, whose D. mother God creates had Adam husband Eve, of Mary. places Of them her in was the born Garden Jesus of who Eden and been the wife of Uriah. Solomon 5. How became tells does them seeing not the to is Old eat called and from the New the Messiah. tree Testaments of Knowledge Thus as the one total of story Good number provide and Evil. a clearer understanding the father of Rehoboam, Rehoboam of the Bible the and aid in of your generations own spiritual from life? Abraham to David is father of Abijah, Abijah the father E. Moses of Asaph. leads the fourteen people out generations; of slavery in from Egypt. David to the Asaph became the father of Jehoshaphat, Babylonian exile, fourteen generations; from Jehoshaphat the father of Joram, Joram the the Babylonian exile to the Messiah, fourteen father of Uzziah. Uzziah became F. the God father spares Noah generations. and his family from the flood by having him build an ark. of Jotham, Jotham the father of Ahaz, Ahaz Directions: Choose your favorite figure from G. the The Old angel Testament Gabriel appears and write to Mary two and wellconstructed five- to seven-sentence paragraphs in the space provided that tells her 1. Aside from a list of names, what she does will this be the genealogy Mother show? of Jesus. reflect on how and why you see the H. God figure calls as Abraham a hero to even move and though tells him he or he will she have wasn t perfect. 2. Why do How you in think some Matthew way does chose descendants this to include person as this numerous help genealogy point as the in you his stars. Gospel? to Jesus? What point do you think he was trying to make? I. Solomon becomes King and builds the first temple. J. Adam and Eve commit the first sin and bring about the Fall DAY TWO Note: In advance, cut out enough sets of Teacher Resource: Covenant Cards (page 185 in this guide) for every pair of students in your class. 89 Warm-Up A. Play the video Bible in a Minute found at YouTube.com/watch?v=Ar_k8JjVWQA. B. Download the PowerPoint presentation The Story of Salvation History Told through Art found at SophiaInstituteforTeachers.org/ spiritoftruthsupplements. Project one image at a time, allowing students time to observe and take in each image. C. Arrange students in groups of three or four. Have them turn to Salvation History through Art Discussion Questions (page 91). Distribute copies of the images from the PowerPoint to each group, or continue projecting them in a loop while students discuss the questions on the worksheet. 90 Salvation History Collection Salvation History through Art Discussion Questions Directions: Look at the Salvation History collection of art, then discuss with your group the questions below. Conversation Questions 1. Of all the images, which is your favorite? Why? 2. What stood out to you about your favorite image? 3. What one thing stands out to you in each image? 4. How does seeing each of these images help you understand or contemplate the story of our salvation more clearly? 91 Unit 2, lesson 4 165

4 LESSON PLAN Activity A. Read the following Scripture passages out loud together as a class (you may assign each passage to a different student to read or read them aloud yourself): Genesis 1:26-27 Genesis 2:27 Genesis 3:15 Genesis 9:8-17 Genesis 12:1-3 Genesis 17:1-13 Exodus 19:1-6 2 Samuel 7:1-16 Luke 1:26-38 Luke 22:14-20 Luke 24:13-35 B. After reading the passages, ask your students what all of these passages have in common. They can all serve as a summary of the major highlights in the story of Salvation History. All the Old Testament passages point to and lead up to the events in the New Testament. The New Testament passages are fulfillments of the Old Testament passages. Understanding Covenants The point Directions: is that covenants Read are the all information about a below, an then oath, use invoking it to complete blessings the and chart curses on on pages the mutual exchange of love between two parties. person (curses if the covenant is not kept), I Covenants are the way God chose to relate to and saying or performing ritual words and n order to understand the Bible more to mutual responsibilities; an exchange of us. Covenant is who God is. actions. Whenever you see one of these clearly we must understand what a persons. A covenant is all about forging things taking place in the Bible, a covenant is God makes covenant six major is. covenants Covenant is throughout the central theme relationships and family bonds. being forged, even if the word covenant is not Scripture: throughout Scripture. It comes from the specifically A covenant used. can sound a lot like a contract. Latin word convenire, which means to ӹ The Covenant with Adam. However there are a few key differences come together or to agree. A covenant A common misconception people have is that ӹ The Covenant with Noah. between a contract and a covenant that are can be defined as a formal and solemn pact a covenant is simply an agreement or promise ӹ The Covenant or agreement with binding Abraham. important to understand: two or more parties between God and man. However, covenants ӹ The Covenant with Moses. can take place between people as well. For Major Covenants throughout Scripture ӹ The Covenant with David. example, we call marriage a covenant. ӹ The New Covenant in Christ. Contract Directions: Every covenant has a Covenant promise, a mediator, and a sign. Each covenant also Understanding what a covenant is and Covenant signifies a progression or growth in God s family. Using Covenant the information in Each covenant contains a mediator, a how covenants work is essential to our Exchange of goods Mediator and services. Covenant Understanding Promise Covenants, promise, and a sign. understanding of the Exchange Bible. It helps of Covenant fill in the persons. Sign following chart Progression by placing the squares you receive from your teacher in the us appropriate draw space. the connection between the Old and New These, however, are not the only covenants Testaments more clearly and helps us more made. They are the major ones, but smaller Covenant clearly come Personal to know our responsibilities Father in Heaven flow from a Covenant covenants are made Sets several up obligations, times throughout but they Mediator are and how He pours Covenant covenant. out His Promise These love responsibilities and graces Covenant are Sign Progression Scripture. A covenant not is made personal by swearing obligations. on us. based on our personal relationship and Moses commitment to the other person. Formative Assessment Arrange students in pairs and distribute one set of Covenant Cards to each pair. Ask students to turn to Understanding Covenants (page 92), read IT with their partner, and use the information and the Covenant Cards to complete Major Covenants throughout Scripture (page 94). Based merely on human words and promises. Adam Based on God s word. Relationships may end if terms are broken. Relationships endure even if covenant terms are not kept. David 50/50 relationships. Not 50/50 relationships, but 100/100. Noah DAY THREE 92 Jesus Icon of the Transfiguration BY ANONYMOUS (12TH CENTURY) Abraham Note: In advance, cut out enough sets of Teacher Resource: Typology Strips (page 187 in this guide) for every pair of students in your class. 95 Warm-Up A. Project the image of the Transfiguration from St. Catherine s Monastery found on Icon of the Transfiguration (page 96). B. Ask your students the following questions: Saint Catherine s Monastery, Sinai (Egypt). What event does this image depict? The Transfiguration. 96 Who is present in this image? Jesus, Peter, James, John, Moses, and Elijah. 166 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

5 LESSON PLAN Read the story of the Transfiguration, found in Matthew 17:1-8, together as a class. Why are Moses and Elijah present? What do they represent? Moses represents the law and Elijah the prophets. In light of everything discussed in the past few lessons, what is a key point this image and event communicate? That Jesus is the fulfillment of the law and the prophets. He came not to abolish the law but to fulfill it. In other words, the unity and connection between the Old and New Testaments is made evident by the Transfiguration. Activity and Assessment A. Conduct a mini-lecture with your students that explains the following points: St. Augustine said, The New Testament is hidden in the Old, and the New Testament fulfills the Old. We call the study of this typology. Typology is the study of types in Scripture. A type is a person, place, thing, or event in the Old Testament that foreshadows something greater in the New. For example, in the Tradition of the Church we refer to Mary as the New Eve. We also refer to Jesus as the New Adam or the New Moses. John the Baptist is referred to as the New Elijah. They are referred to in this way because in some way they make new the things each of their Old Testament counterparts did. They bring the events of the Old Testament into fulfillment. When we read the Old Testament in the light of Christ, it brings a whole new meaning to the events and helps us to understand more clearly what God is doing. B. Arrange students in pairs. Have students turn to Applying Typology (page 97) and distribute one set of Teacher Resource: Typology Strips to each pair. Have students work with their partners to complete the worksheet using the strips. C. When they have finished, review and discuss the answers as a class. Applying Typology Directions: A type in Scripture is a person or thing in the Old Testament that foreshadows a person or Sacrifice thing in of the Isaac New Testament. Isaac is a type of Sacrifice Jesus Christ, of Christ and the Passover is a type of the Eucharist and the Crucifixion. Complete the charts below by matching the strips provided by your teacher to show how Christ fulfills each of these events. The Passover The Eucharist/Crucifixion Sacrifice of Isaac The Passover Sacrifice of Christ The Eucharist/Crucifixion Unit 2, lesson 4 167

6 Answer Key 1. Scripture is the Living Word of God written down and passed down to us throughout History. An Introduction to the Bible Note-Taking Aid Directions: Fill in the blanks as your teacher goes over the information on the PowerPoint. What Is Sacred Scripture? 2. Sacred Scripture is a love letter from God to His people. 3. In the Sacred Books the Father who is in Heaven comes lovingly to meet his children and talks with them (CCC 104). 4. The Scriptures comprise the story of our Salvation known as Salvation History. 5. Salvation History: The history of God coming to meet man in time through the revelation of His words and deeds 1. S c r i p t u r e i s t h e w r i t t e n d o w n a n d t o u s t h r o u g h o u t h i s t o r y. 2. S a c r e d S c r i p t u r e i s. 3. I n t h e S a c r e d B o o k s t h e w h o i s i n c o m e s t o m e e t h i s a n d w i t h t h e m (C C C ). Salvation History 4. The Scriptures comprise the story of our known as. 5. Define Salvation History: T h e h i s t o r y o f c o m i n g t o i n t i m e t h r o u g h t h e o f H i s a n d s o t h a t w e m i g h t b e f r o m f r o m H i m. A Living Word 6. The Scriptures are a. We must ask God to open our minds to understand the Scriptures and apply them to our own lives. 7. S c r i p t u r e i s t h e w o r d o f G o d i n w o r d s. 8. S t. s a y s, I g n o r a n c e o f i s i g n o r a n c e o f. so that we might be saved from being eternally separated from Him The Scriptures are a living Word. We must ask God to open our minds to understand the Scriptures and apply them to our own lives. 7. Scripture is the word of God incarnate in human words. 8. St. Jerome says, Ignorance of Scripture is ignorance of Christ. 9. Between 1100 BC- AD SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

7 Answer Key 10. Old Testament: Parts during 1100 BC, the bulk of it was written BC. 11. New Testament: AD 70 AD The Old Testament was written by Jews and Israelites. 13. The New Testament was written by Jewish Christians. 14. The Church under the guidance of the Holy Spirit has the authority to determine what books belong in the canon of Scripture. 15. Canon of Scripture: The Definitive list of inspired books. 84 When Was the Bible Written? 9. Wr i t t e n b e t w e e n. 10. Old Testament: Parts during, the bulk of it was written. 11. N e w Te s t a m e n t :. By Whom Was the Bible Written? 12. T h e O l d Te s t a m e n t w a s w r i t t e n b y. 13. T h e N e w Te s t a m e n t w a s w r i t t e n b y. The authors lived in the Holy Land and also in other parts of the world, such as Greece and Egypt. How Did the Canon Come to Be? 14. The Church, under the guidance of the has the to determine which books belong in the o f S c r i p t u r e. 15. Define Canon of Scripture:. 16. AD 393 Council of : List of books for the Canon issued. 17. AD 3397 Council of : Same list given again. 18. AD 1546 Council of : Makes a definite decree that the Canon as we know it today is the list of books inspired by God. Division of Books in the Old Testament 19. B o o k s 20. B o o k s 21. B o o k s 22. B o o k s 16. AD 393 Council of Hippo: List of Books for the Canon issued. 17. AD 397 Council of Carthage: Same list given again. 18. AD 1546 Council of Trent: Makes a definite decree that the Canon as we know it today is the list of books inspired by God. 19. Torah/Pentateuch (1st 5 books of the Bible) 20. Historical Books 21. Prophetic Books 22. Wisdom Books Unit 2, lesson 4 169

8 Answer Key 23. Testament: Something that serves as a sign or evidence of a specified fact, event, or quality. 24. The Old Testament is fulfilled in the New and the New is hidden in the Old. 25. The Old Testament is the story of God preparing his people for Christ. Old and New Testaments 23. Define Testament: 24. T h e O l d Te s t a m e n t i s i n t h e a n d t h e i s i n t h e. 25. The Old Testament is the story of. 26. I t n e e d s t o b e r e a d i n t h e l i g h t o f. 27. The Old Testament has its as well and a lot can be learned f r o m i t. 28. The New Testament focuses. 29. T h e a r e t h e w e h a v e f o r t h e l i f e o f. 30. The Old Testament and the New Testament are a collection of several t h a t m a k e u p s t o r y! 26. It needs to be read in the light of Christ. 27. The Old Testament has its own value as well and a lot can be learned from it independent of the New The New Testament focuses on the life, teachings, passion, and resurrection of Christ along with the beginnings of the Church. 29. The Gospels are the Primary source we have for the life of Christ. 30. The Old Testament and New Testament are a collection of several smaller stories that make up ONE story! 170 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

9 Answer Key 1. That Jesus is part of the line of Abraham and David. It shows that Jesus is part of a greater plan that begins in the Old Testament. Accept additional reasoned answers. 2. Matthew wanted to show Jesus part in the greater plan. He is trying to prove that Jesus is in fact the Messiah and the long-awaited King of the Jews. Connecting the Old and New Testaments Directions: Read the following passage from Scripture and then complete the questions that follow. Matthew 1:1-17 The Genealogy of Jesus The book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham. Abraham became the father of Isaac, Isaac the father of Jacob, Jacob the father of Judah and his brothers. Judah became the father of Perez and Zerah, whose mother was Tamar. Perez became the father of Hezron, Hezron the father of Ram, Ram the father of Amminadab. Amminadab became the father of Nahshon, Nahshon the father of Salmon, Salmon the father of Boaz, whose mother was Rahab. Boaz became the father of Obed, whose mother was Ruth. Obed became the father of Jesse, Jesse the father of David the king. David became the father of Solomon, whose mother had been the wife of Uriah. Solomon became the father of Rehoboam, Rehoboam the father of Abijah, Abijah the father of Asaph. Asaph became the father of Jehoshaphat, Jehoshaphat the father of Joram, Joram the father of Uzziah. Uzziah became the father of Jotham, Jotham the father of Ahaz, Ahaz the father of Hezekiah. Hezekiah became the father of Manasseh, Manasseh the father of Amos, Amos the father of Josiah. Josiah became the father of Jechoniah and his brothers at the time of the Babylonian exile. After the Babylonian exile, Jechoniah became the father of Shealtiel, Shealtiel the father of Zerubbabel, Zerubbabel the father of Abiud. Abiud became the father of Eliakim, Eliakim the father of Azor, Azor the father of Zadok. Zadok became the father of Achim, Achim the father of Eliud, Eliud the father of Eleazar. Eleazar became the father of Matthan, Matthan the father of Jacob, Jacob the father of Joseph, the husband of Mary. Of her was born Jesus who is called the Messiah. Thus the total number of generations from Abraham to David is fourteen generations; from David to the Babylonian exile, fourteen generations; from the Babylonian exile to the Messiah, fourteen generations. 1. Aside from a list of names, what does this genealogy show? 2. Why do you think Matthew chose to include this genealogy in his Gospel? What point do you think he was trying to make? 86 Unit 2, lesson 4 171

10 Answer Key 3. Accept reasoned answers. 4. Chronological order of events: A. 10 B. 6 C. 16 D. 1 E. 7 F. 4 G. 12 H. 5 I. 11 J. 2 K Which names here do you recognize from the Old Testament? How does this help you see and understand the connection between them and Jesus a little more? 4. Based on what you know about the Old Testament and this genealogy, try to place the following events in chronological order. Number each event in order, A. David becomes king, and God makes a covenant with David, promising his son an everlasting throne. B. God asks Abraham to sacrifice Isaac but spares him in the end. C. The Holy Spirit descends on the Apostles, and they begin their mission of spreading the gospel to the ends of the earth. D. God creates Adam and Eve, places them in the Garden of Eden and tells them not to eat from the tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. E. Moses leads the people out of slavery in Egypt. F. God spares Noah and his family from the flood by having him build an ark. G. The angel Gabriel appears to Mary and tells her she will be the Mother of Jesus. H. God calls Abraham to move and tells him he will have descendants as numerous as the stars. I. Solomon becomes King and builds the first temple. J. Adam and Eve commit the first sin and bring about the Fall SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

11 Answer Key L. 8 M. 15 N. 13 O. 3 P Accept reasoned answers. K. Jesus suffers, dies, and rises from the dead. L. Moses gives the Israelites the 10 Commandments. M. Jesus ascends into Heaven. N. Christ is born. O. After Adam and Eve sin, God promises them He will send a Savior. P. Joshua leads the Israelites into the Promised Land after 40 years in the desert. 5. How does seeing the Old and New Testaments as one story provide a clearer understanding of the Bible and aid in your own spiritual life? 88 Unit 2, lesson 4 173

12 Heroes of the Bible Directions: Choose your favorite figure from the Old Testament and write two wellconstructed five- to seven-sentence paragraphs in the space provided that reflect on how and why you see the figure as a hero even though he or she wasn t perfect. How in some way does this person help point you to Jesus? 89 Accept reasoned answers 174 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

13 Salvation History Collection 90 Unit 2, lesson 4 175

14 Salvation History through Art Discussion Questions Directions: Look at the Salvation History collection of art, then discuss with your group the questions below. Conversation Questions 1. Of all the images, which is your favorite? Why? 2. What stood out to you about your favorite image? 3. What one thing stands out to you in each image? 4. How does seeing each of these images help you understand or contemplate the story of our salvation more clearly? 91 Accept reasoned answers 176 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

15 Understanding Covenants Directions: Read the information below, then use it to complete the chart on pages In order to understand the Bible more clearly we must understand what a covenant is. Covenant is the central theme throughout Scripture. It comes from the Latin word convenire, which means to come together or to agree. A covenant can be defined as a formal and solemn pact or agreement binding two or more parties to mutual responsibilities; an exchange of persons. A covenant is all about forging relationships and family bonds. A covenant can sound a lot like a contract. However there are a few key differences between a contract and a covenant that are important to understand: Contract Covenant Exchange of goods and services. Exchange of persons. Sets up obligations, but they are not personal obligations. Personal responsibilities flow from a covenant. These responsibilities are based on our personal relationship and commitment to the other person. Based merely on human words and promises. Based on God s word. Relationships may end if terms are broken. Relationships endure even if covenant terms are not kept. 50/50 relationships. Not 50/50 relationships, but 100/ Unit 2, lesson 4 177

16 The point is that covenants are all about a mutual exchange of love between two parties. Covenants are the way God chose to relate to us. Covenant is who God is. God makes six major covenants throughout Scripture: ӹ The Covenant with Adam. ӹ The Covenant with Noah. ӹ The Covenant with Abraham. ӹ The Covenant with Moses. ӹ The Covenant with David. ӹ The New Covenant in Christ. Each covenant contains a mediator, a promise, and a sign. These, however, are not the only covenants made. They are the major ones, but smaller covenants are made several times throughout Scripture. A covenant is made by swearing an oath, invoking blessings and curses on the person (curses if the covenant is not kept), and saying or performing ritual words and actions. Whenever you see one of these things taking place in the Bible, a covenant is being forged, even if the word covenant is not specifically used. A common misconception people have is that a covenant is simply an agreement or promise between God and man. However, covenants can take place between people as well. For example, we call marriage a covenant. Understanding what a covenant is and how covenants work is essential to our understanding of the Bible. It helps us draw the connection between the Old and New Testaments more clearly and helps us more clearly come to know our Father in Heaven and how He pours out His love and graces on us SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

17 Major Covenants throughout Scripture Directions: Every covenant has a promise, a mediator, and a sign. Each covenant also signifies a progression or growth in God s family. Using the information in Understanding Covenants, fill in the following chart by placing the squares you receive from your teacher in the appropriate space. Covenant Mediator Covenant Promise Covenant Sign Covenant Progression Adam Noah Abraham 94 Card arrangement should reflect the order of cards on the Teacher Resource Unit 2, lesson 4 179

18 Covenant Mediator Covenant Promise Covenant Sign Covenant Progression Moses David Jesus 95 Card arrangement should reflect the order of cards on the Teacher Resource 180 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

19 Icon of the Transfiguration B Y A N O N Y M O U S ( 1 2 T H C E N T U RY ) Saint Catherine s Monastery, Sinai (Egypt). 96 Unit 2, lesson 4 181

20 Applying Typology Directions: A type in Scripture is a person or thing in the Old Testament that foreshadows a person or thing in the New Testament. Isaac is a type of Jesus Christ, and the Passover is a type of the Eucharist and the Crucifixion. Complete the charts below by matching the strips provided by your teacher to show how Christ fulfills each of these events. Sacrifice of Isaac Sacrifice of Christ 97 Card arrangement should reflect the order of cards on the Teacher Resource 182 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

21 Sacrifice of Isaac Sacrifice of Christ The Passover The Eucharist/Crucifixion 98 Card arrangement should reflect the order of cards on the Teacher Resource Unit 2, lesson 4 183

22 The Passover The Eucharist/Crucifixion 99 Card arrangement should reflect the order of cards on the Teacher Resource 184 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

23 TEACHER RESOURCE Covenant Cards Note: Copy and cut the following grids into cards, shuffle the cards, and hand them out in sets to students for them to complete Major Covenants throughout Scripture. Adam God called him to share in His blessings in the marriage covenant. When he disobeyed, God mercifully promised to deliver him and his wife from sin by crushing the head of the serpent. Sabbath One Holy Couple God pledged to keep him and his family safe Noah from the flood and then swore never to wipe out the human family in that Rainbow One Holy Family way again. God promised that he Abraham would be the father of a host of nations, with descendants as Circumcision One Holy Tribe numerous as the stars. Unit 2, lesson 4 185

24 The Lord used him to lead Israel out of the Moses bondage of slavery in Egypt and pledged to the people through him that they would occupy the Passover/ The Law One Holy Nation promised land of Canaan as their inheritance. God made a covenant with him to build a David worldwide Kingdom by establishing an everlasting throne with Throne/ Temple One Holy Kingdom His son. Jesus This covenant fulfills all other covenants and pledges eternal life to all who believe. The Eucharist One Holy Catholic Church 186 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

25 TEACHER RESOURCE Typology Strips Directions: Copy and cut the following two charts into strips, shuffle the strips, and hand them out in sets to students for them to complete Applying Typology. Sacrifice of Isaac Sacrifice of Christ Abraham offers his beloved son. God the Father offers up His beloved Son. Isaac carries the wood for his sacrifice. Christ carries His wooden Cross. Isaac s sacrifice takes place on Mount Moriah. Christ s sacrifice takes place on Golgotha, which is a hill of Mount Moriah. Isaac submits to Abraham. Christ submits to the Father and willingly goes to His death. God provides the sacrifice (a ram). God provides the sacrifice (Jesus). On the third day of their journey, Isaac survives the sacrifice. Jesus conquers death and rises on the third day. Isaac is bound to the wood of the altar. Jesus is nailed to a wooden Cross. Unit 2, lesson 4 187

26 Isaac is conceived through divine help. By the Holy Spirit, Jesus was Incarnate of the Virgin Mary. Isaac s mother was assured of God s goodness and omnipotence. Jesus Mother was assured of God s goodness and omnipotence. The Passover The Eucharist/Crucifixion The paschal lamb Jesus Christ Moses instructs the Israelites to sacrifice a year-old (in its prime) male lamb that is without blemish. Jesus sacrifices Himself on the Cross when He is 33 (in the prime of life), is male, and is without sin. Not a bone of the lamb is to be broken. Jesus bones are not broken on the Cross. The lamb is to be sacrificed in an assembly at evening twilight. Jesus is crucified in front of a crowd and dies at 3 p.m. (evening twilight). Moses emphasizes five times that the Israelites must eat the lamb. In John 6, Jesus emphasizes five times that we must eat His flesh. The firstborn Jews were saved by the lamb s blood. Christians are saved by Christ s blood. 188 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

27 The Israelites The whole human race The Jews were saved from physical death. Christians are saved from spiritual death. Unleavened bread must be used to celebrate the Passover. Christ transforms unleavened bread into His body while celebrating the new Passover. The Passover is celebrated in preparation for departure to the Promised Land. The Eucharist is celebrated to prepare us for Heaven, the new Promised Land. Passover Meal The Last Supper and the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass Unit 2, lesson 4 189