Online Newspapers Heritage Faire Marti Roe

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1 Online Newspapers Heritage Faire Marti Roe (Archival newspapers by name of newspaper) Duplicate of google newspapers? (Another list of online worldwide newspaper archives - worth checking out) (Google s Online Historical Newspapers Website) (Find links to all the online historical newspapers in one place -also has link to directories) (Library of Congress - Historic newspapers (42+states) Not listed: Alaska, Delaware, Maine, New Hamp, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Wisc. & Wyoming (In the Wiki part of Familysearch.org there is information on using International and U.S. States newspapers as well as listings of papers and links. - This is an excellent source!!!!) ( Thousands of current world newspapers at your fingertips ) ( The goal of Elephind.com is to make it possible to search all the world s online historic newspapers from one place. A Google for digitized newspapers that indexes collections around the world ). (Directory of Historical Newspapers on Internet) (Current Online U.S. Newspapers, magazines & college newspapers by State & City) (By state- some not listed on other sites) (Over one million pages in California Digital Newspaper Collection from 1846 to present ,000 pages available through Chronicling America) (600,000 Colorado digitized pgs Not included in Chron.Amer.) (Texas Digitized Newspapers current. Much of the co llection is not available in Chronicling America) (1.5 million pages -Utah digital newspapers - some available in Chronic. Amer.) (Wyoming Newspaper Project -340 titles- Not included in Chronicling America) Ancestry.com ($ Has some newspapers - check newspapers under catalog or filter by collection) genealogybank.com ($ Fee but free preview - has obits and historical newspapers) newspapers.com ($ Fee but has free search. If you find info & earlier, search Chronic. Amer.) (State Archive - Contact information for state archives and historical societies or just google state archives directory ) (links to state libraries - each library has various sources) (Newspapers from 18 European countries) There are other misc. newspaper collection sites that are not listed. So if these links don t give you the newspaper you are looking for - trying googling - examples: Alberta, Canada online newspapers - Arizona online digitized newspapers - Cochise County online newspapers - Bisbee newspapers - etc. Archival as well as current newspapers can be located this way. 1

2 Why use newspapers? - You are missing out if you don t NOTE: All newspapers have NOT been digitized and so are not available online - either for free or via a paid subscription BUT more and more are added everyday on Internet. The Internet can help you determine what exists and where it s physically located. - Keep checking back. Newspapers are not just for obituaries Newspapers may focus on a small community or the world, a nation, or a state. They may serve a general audience or a particular ethnic, religious, racial, or political group. For example, there are African-American newspapers, Jewish newspapers, student newspapers, union newspapers, and even farming newspapers. Don t ignore an ethnic newspaper that was published far from your ancestor, even hundreds of miles away. These papers often have a widely-circulated readership, so they tend to focus on a much wider area. For example, articles about ancestors from Illinois, Kansas and Nebraska can be found in an ethnic newspaper published in Iowa. If your target lived near the state border, check out neighboring state newspapers. For example, if they lived in Council Bluffs, Iowa, check out the Omaha, Nebraska papers. Or if they lived in Camden, New Jersey, try the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania newspapers. Watch for a please copy notice which can be a valuable clue that your ancestor had ties to another part of the country where you might find additional articles or records. (see page 5) Newspapers report family information within notices of births, marriages and deaths (obituaries), and local news. Early local columns are more like local gossip columns and can contain rich family information. Newspapers usually began before government birth, marriage and death records and were often published soon after the initial settlement of a locality. Newspapers may serve as a substitute for civil records that were destroyed. Unlike most government records, newspaper articles are not limited to a form and may contain details not found in more structured records. Newspapers can report marriages, deaths or accomplishments of people who no longer live in the area but who still have friends or family there. Newspapers may report events in the life of local inhabitants even when these events occurred elsewhere. Look for name change notices, application papers for land, citizenship, etc. Birth announcements may contain the infant's name, birth date, parents' names, as well as the religion of the family. Notice of DELAYED birth certificate Wedding announcements may contain the wedding date and place; the names of the bride, groom, bride's parents, and groom's parents; and the religion of the family. Death notices and obituaries may contain the name and place of residence of close family and friends of the decedent, as well as the decedent's death date and place, birth date and place, and biographical information, such as occupation, military, religion, schools attended, parents' names, places of residence over time, and place of origin. News stories, legal notices, local personal columns and advertisements may contain nearly any information imaginable, including political or criminal activity, legal and domestic disputes, real estate transactions, business information, social contacts, military service, missing persons, or information about local disasters, epidemics, or other community milestones which affected the local population. Your ancestor may be mentioned in a 50 years ago today or 25 years ago today column that appears after your ancestor is deceased. Don t let the newspaper publishing date fool you. 2

3 Don t search just using surnames (OCR-Optical character recognition or reader- the mechanical or electronic conversion of images of typed, handwritten or printed text into machine-encoded text.) Digitized versions of historic newspapers are an outstanding source of genealogical information. Yet, since many such newspapers are made searchable using imperfect OCR technology, actually finding the information you seek can be problematic. Search features vary greatly by newspaper archives, which will impact the search features but these tips should help you dig details on your ancestors out of just any digitized newspaper collection. 1. Search by Surname Only (don t forget to use wild cards if available for that website) Exact names can often be difficult to find in digitized newspaper databases, either due to the drawbacks of OCR technology, or because misspellings, nicknames, abbreviations, etc. are so common in print. Unless you are searching for a very common surname, like SMITH, then a search by surname only may turn up a variety of items of interest - if not for your ancestor, then for other relatives living in the same area. If a surname only search turns up too many results, add other identifying facts such as a location. One often forgotten is "Mrs." Remember that married women were not always addressed with their first name in a newspaper article, but were written as Mrs. Robert Smith for example, regardless if their name was Mildred, Margaret, or Mary. So incorporate that into your search criteria. 2. Use Subject Keywords Instead of searching for a surname that OCR will often bungle beyond recognition, search a specific newspaper title for common keywords such as "obituary" or "marriage." Be sure to include a search for alternate keywords such as "death notices," "funeral," or "wedding announcements" as well. Browse the newspaper in which you are interested for the approximate date of search first to see what terms were in use in that newspaper for that particular time period (i.e. death notices, deaths, obituaries, etc.). 3. Search by Date and Newspaper Despite the benefits of technology, one of the best ways to find content in old newspapers is to look through the newspaper page by page. This is especially helpful when you're looking for something such as an obituary or marriage notice for which you know the location and date. Learn which newspapers were published in your area of interest, and use the online search or browse feature to go directly to the newspaper for the day, month and year of interest. Be sure to check several days in either direction! Obituaries and funeral notices, for example, may appear anywhere from a day to weeks after the actual date of death. 4. Don't Limit Your Search to Births, Marriages & Obituaries While adding subject keywords such as "deaths" or "obituary" can be an important tool when you're specifically searching for death notices, you should also try your search without those terms. Use name alone or name and location to turn up interesting news articles that might concern your family. You might be surprised what you find! 5. Search for Family Members If your ancestor had a common last name, or last name searches just aren't turning up that obituary you know just has to be there, a combination of given names (first names) of various family members can often do the trick. Try searching for your ancestor's first name, along with the first names of his parents, or his spouse, or his children (based on the type of information you're trying to find). If you are searching for an obituary and you know the married name of a daughter or two, a search on that surname, plus a given name or two may do the trick. Use the less common given names for best results! 6. Search by Address Last names can often be misread by OCR technology, which means that many of the articles or notices which mention your ancestor will not be found by a name search alone. One search method that often works in this case is to incorporate the individual's street address into your search. Wedding announcements and obituaries, for example, often mention this key detail. If you don't know your ancestor's street name use other search techniques to locate an article (city directories or some census years, for example) that mentions it, and then try this technique to locate additional newspaper mentions. Try a variety of searches for best results. Examples for an ancestor that resided at 11 Lock St. include: lock st, lock street, etc. Some WWI and WWII draft registrations show addresses. 3

4 7. Use the Clues You Find to Expand Your Search Especially in small town newspapers, weddings were a big deal and the newspaper article might contain the color of the bridesmaid dresses, what refreshments were served, out of town guests and where they were from - including a "cousin of the bride." While that particular article may not have a lot of information on your focus individual, it is chock full of new names and places to search for. Almost anything can provide potential "search fodder." A company name, cousin's name, occupation, etc. More Tips Select a site that has a collection for where your target ancestor resided. Then do your search. All sites have a list of what newspapers and dates are in their collections. Check those out before you buy a subscription. Finding your ancestors in newspaper articles is an art, not a science. One must be clever and resourceful to get around the limitations in old newspapers, whether they be poor original quality, copies of copies as sources for scanning, as well as the limitations of the OCR process. OCR is not perfect! Another "feature" of older newspapers is the use of the hyphen. Hyphenated words were often used because of fixed width type as well as the experience and capability of the typesetter. Hyphens are less utilized today but were heavily used years ago. The bottom line is that if you search for a portion of your ancestor's surname (if it is multi-syllabic), rather than the entire word, you may get additional results. For example, if your ancestors name was "Jorgenson" try searching for "Jorgen." The typesetter may have split the word so that at the end of one line are the letters "Jorgen-" with the hyphen, and the next line may start with "son". Here are a few examples that show the different uses of the hyphen. And always consider that the "break" may not always be in the logical place in the word. Also, don t forget to use wildcards * or?. You could search for Pat- or "Patter" when your target name was "Patterson" Williamson - may be split as William - son or Wil-liamson. Be open minded about where the split may occur. In the case of McDonald I wouldn't think that the name would be split with "McDon" and "ald", but searching for odd splits may lead to many more results. Abbreviations In old newspapers, abbreviations were used to save space. Abbreviations were used to shorten many words - the most notable being given names as well as addresses. Your search index database is not smart enough, for example, to interpret "ave." for the word "avenue." So if you are entering "335 14th Avenue" - if the search index includes "Ave" the search will not be successful. Therefore you must search both "335 14th Avenue" and "335 14th Ave" to get all possible results. Some examples: For street names, try "ave" and "avenue" Also "st" and "street". There is a great number of others that you should consider for the "type" of "street. For cities, if there is an abbreviation - for example NYC for New York City, or Philly for Philadelphia, try the abbreviation as well as the whole city name. Given names can provide a great number of increased results by using abbreviations. Try abbreviations for names, such as "Wm" for William, or "Jno" for John, or "Jos" or Joe for Joseph, and "Robt" for Robert, just to name a few. Also search for Nicknames - Polly and Mollie, Molly could be Mary. If you think we have a hard time straightening out complicated families, so did our ancestors. Sometimes there were just too many John Smiths in the family so some were given a nicknamed that described their physical characteristicsz: Sugar-foot Smith, Bow-legged Smith, One-eyed Smith, Little Smith, Tall Smith, Cherokee Smith, etc. You get the idea. 4

5 Things Worth Knowing When researching old newspapers, there are many things that you need to know and many mistakes that can be made when drawing conclusions about the articles you find, or downloading images, etc. Here are some tricks and tips as well as what to avoid: When you find an article Always write down the title of the newspaper (or document), date of publication and page number where you found the article - You don't want to have to do another search in the future to find out where you found it. Some websites will automatically print that information with the article you have clipped. Get a print copy!!!!!! OR save a copy to your computer or both!!! Sometimes the final resting place is not accurate in the obituary. Maybe the family changed their minds or maybe the cemetery closed and all the graves were moved to another cemetery. Divorces Filed and Interlocutory Decrees are not Divorces. Only divorces granted count. Issuance of a license is not a marriage. Maybe the wedding didn't take place or wasn't recorded. The "Marriage Licenses Issued" section in the Vital Statistics part of the paper is not proof that a wedding occurred. Thought must go into saving the articles that you find online. Is the image large enough? Is it readable later? Are there options with the online Marriage License Applications site to download the image in different formats? Think ahead so you don't have to do the search again at a later date.. For just in case - install and use PrintDeskTop and/or use Windows Snipping Tool which comes with Windows. Do not limit your search for newspaper titles to just the city of residence. Span out a bit and include the newspaper for the county seat. There is likely to be different types of information published in the newspapers for that likely larger populated area. If you are compiling a history on your ancestor, include world and U.S. historic events and include local events that are of interest. Include some classified ads that might have illustrations of items being sold during the time frame. If you are writing in the 1969 time line - don t forget the very first moon landing. The website - The Ancestor Hunt - is the place to go to learn more about searching newspapers - there are 13 lessons, webinars and tutorials - more than you ll ever remember. Your Guide to Using Newspapers for Genealogical Research If you have questions about searching newspapers - this website should have the answers. Lot of links and information Please copy examples Happy Searching! 5

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