Analysis 3. Immersive Virtual Modeling for MEP Coordination. Penn State School of Forest Resources University Park, PA
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1 Analysis 3 Immersive Virtual Modeling for MEP Coordination Background When looking at the entire process of constructing a building, from the design phase through construction and turnover to the owner, one of the largest tasks for the construction manager is coordination. The construction manager often serves as the coordinator between all transactions and activities that take place on a construction site. During this seemingly endless coordination one specific type of coordination stands out as exceptionally troublesome. This is the coordination between all of the mechanical, electrical and plumbing contractors. Known as MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing) coordination, this process involves trying to locate all of the critical elements that supply heat, air conditioning, waste removal, water, electricity, fire protection, and telecommunications to all parts of the building, in a typically tiny space above ceilings and between walls. When coordinating laboratory spaces, such as those found in the Forest Resources building, there can be additional challenges due to the added systems needed to properly control a lab. Traditionally coordinating the MEP work has been done with 2D drawings. This can be especially difficult because most of the pipes and ducts have other pipes or conduit running above and below them. These elevations cannot be visualized on the typical 2D drawings. Relatively recently in the construction industry, 3D CAD has made its way into the MEP coordination process and can ease the process greatly by quickly representing the elevations and locations of the elements. Other technology beyond the scope of 3D CAD drawings is also making its way into the construction industry and can further ease the burden of MEP coordination. Using immersive environments to view 3D models can increase the effectiveness of these models. In order to view models in stereo the file is written in a language known as Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML). This VRML file has several advantages. First it can be viewed in stereo in an immersive environment to Spring
2 allow one to walk through the model at full scale and examine parts from all angles. Second, the VRML file is smaller than the CAD file it came from and makes sending and receiving the model easier. Finally, the model can be viewed in 3D using any web browser. No special programs, including the original program that created the model, are needed to view the model. The goal of working with VRML models is to reduce the time needed to identify and work out coordination problems. By using the virtual reality models and the immersive environments laboratory instead of the typical 2D drawings, walking through and examining the model the first time should catch more problems than the initial look at the 2D drawings. Rather than having various layers of drawings to search through, all equipment, piping, ductwork, and conduit will be in the same model at the correct elevations, and interferences will be easily spotted. Creating a more detailed 3D or VRML model in the beginning of the coordination process will obviously take more time and skill than traditional drafting. The goal is to make up for this time and money and saving even more during the construction process. If all items can go into place with no problems it will eliminate the need for change orders and delays in the work. The only real problems with using stereo VRML models for coordination is the facilities needed to best view the models. These facilities can be expensive and large and may hinder the acceptance of this technology into the construction industry. As technology continues to increase, these processes and modeling techniques will become more acceptable and widely used in the industry. Research Creating a more detailed 3D or VRML model in the beginning of the coordination process will take more time and skill than traditional drafting. The goal is to make up for this time and money and save even more during the construction process. If all items can go into place with no problems it will eliminate the need for change orders and delays in the work. The only real problems with using stereo Spring
3 VRML models for coordination is the facilities needed to best view the models. These facilities can be expensive and large and may hinder the acceptance of this technology into the construction industry. As technology continues to increase, these processes and modeling techniques will become more acceptable and widely used in the industry. In order to conduct research on the uses of immersive virtual models for the MEP coordination process, a 3D model of a typical laboratory space in the Forest Resources building was created. This model was then converted to VRML format and taken to the Immersive Environments Lab on campus. The Immersive Environments Lab (pictured at right) is a three screen panoramic display that uses six projectors and polarized light to create an immersive viewing environment in stereoscopic 3D. A view of the model is shown in Image 1 on the following page. A version of the model with transparent walls (Image 2) was also created to show the systems without interference from the walls. The model can be navigated using an avatar (Image 3) to give size perspectives or without for focusing on specific areas (Image 4). Image 5 shows an area with difficult duct coordination that can quickly and easily be visualized using the model. Image 6 and 7 both show areas where collisions were detected in the model. In Image 6 the pipes run through a piece of ductwork and the model makes it easy to see that the elevation of the pipes will need to be adjusted. Image 7 shows the collision of a supply diffuser and an exhaust grille. The ductwork on the coordination drawings did not overlap, but the ability to show the grilles in the immersive model clearly shows the collision. Spring
4 Image 1: VRML Model Image 2: VRML Model with Transparent Walls Spring
5 Image 3: VRML Model with Avatar Image 4: VRML Model Examining Specific Area Spring
6 Image 5: VRML Model Showing Difficult Duct Coordination Image 6: VRML Model Showing Collision Spring
7 Image 7: VRML Model Showing Grille Collision In order to get feedback from industry professionals, contractors and coordinators in MEP trades from the East Sub-Campus were invited to the Immersive Environments Lab to view the model and complete a short survey. The survey was intended to learn whether an immersive virtual model could ease the MEP coordination process by reducing the time needed to detect and resolve conflicts. A copy of the full survey can be found in Appendix B. The professionals surveyed had varying backgrounds and years of experience, but only half of them had ever used 3D modeling or advanced visualization on a previous project. Nine industry professionals completed the survey and some of the key results are tabulated in the following charts. Spring
8 Visualizing the layout and elevations of duct and piping is easier with the immersive virtual model than with traditional 2D drawings: Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Agree 5 4 Using an immersive virtual model could speed up the MEP coordination process: Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Agree Using an immersive virtual model during the MEP coordination process could help avoid delays during construction: Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Agree The immersive virtual model could be a valuable communication tool on the project: Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Agree The Immersive Environments Lab would be a good place to hold MEP coordination meetings: Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Agree Spring
9 The responses to the above questions clearly indicate that the immersive model gives a better picture of the layout and elevations for all components better than traditional 2D drawings. The responses also indicate that using a model during the MEP coordination process could save coordination and construction time. Using the Immersive Environments Lab for coordination meetings would allow all trades to view the area they were working with and quickly spot conflicts. The professionals also commented on specific benefits and drawbacks of using the immersive virtual model. When asked how the model could be beneficial on a project one contractor responded: Any time you are able to view conflicts prior to installation it is beneficial. This 3D model allows you to identify elevation conflicts quickly. Another professional stated that, During a coordination meeting with all the [MEP] trades it would be easier to view specific problem areas. Five of the people surveyed stated that a lack of visualization had led to delays or other negative impacts on a project. When asked for drawbacks of the virtual model or reasons the technology could not be adopted into the construction industry, all who answered were concerned about additional costs and time. The cost and availability of immersive viewing facilities was brought up as well as the cost and additional time of creating the virtual model. One contractor pointed out that, One of the biggest problems is that not all of the trades doing coordination are [current] with the technology. Some companies still draw by hand. Conclusion Surveying industry professionals that are involved with MEP coordination and installation on a daily basis provided valuable information on the uses for immersive virtual models in the construction industry. Overall results indicate that the use of these models could have great benefits for MEP coordination. Typically, for an MEP intensive facility such as a laboratory, an increased effort in coordination, which requires additional time and money, has yielded cost savings during installation Spring
10 above that spent on coordination. The goal of using immersive virtual models would be to efficiently increase the level of coordination. Traditionally coordinating a building to the point where there are no field conflicts requires the contractors to pore over 2D drawings for extended periods of time to find all conflicts. Using the virtual model should reduce the time to needed to fully coordinate a project. Currently the technology to create and use immersive virtual models is in its infancy. As the technology progresses the cost of producing and using these models should decrease. The disadvantages of using an immersive virtual model now are the cost and time to create the model and the high cost of an immersive viewing facility. Penn State could find creative ways to use the immersive viewing facilities that exist on campus to benefit current and planned construction projects. Contractors working on site may not have immersive viewing facilities in their job trailers but working on campus gives them a great opportunity to take advantage of these emerging construction technologies. Spring
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