AutoCAD & AutoCAD LT The book you need to succeed! 10th Anniversary Edition of the AutoCAD Bible. DVD Included!

Transcription

1 DVD Included! Trial versions of AutoCAD 2010 and AutoCAD LT 2010 Drawings for the exercises, add-on programs, and more Videos on the big new features Parametric Constraints and Mesh Solids Ellen Finkelstein AutoCAD 2010 & AutoCAD LT th Anniversary Edition of the AutoCAD Bible Start drawing today with the Quick Start tutorial Create sophisticated 2D and 3D models Learn how to customize and program AutoCAD The book you need to succeed!

2

3 AutoCAD AutoCAD LT 2010 & 2010 Bible

4

5 AutoCAD 2010 & AutoCAD LT 2010 Bible Ellen Finkelstein

6 AutoCAD 2010 & AutoCAD LT 2010 Bible Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN Copyright 2009 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: Manufactured in the United States of America No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) , fax (978) Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, , fax , or online at LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE. FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ. For general information on our other products and services or to obtain technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at (877) , outside the U.S. at (317) or fax (317) Library of Congress Control Number: Trademarks: Wiley and related trade dress are registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. Autodesk, AutoCAD, AutoCAD LT, DWF, DWG, and the DWG logo are registered trademarks or trademarks of Autodesk, Inc., in the U.S.A. and/or certain other countries. Certain content, including trial software, provided courtesy Autodesk, Inc., All rights reserved. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

7 To MMY, for teaching me that there s more to life than meets the eye and that the deeper levels of life are the most intelligent, powerful, and blissful. v

8 About the Author Ellen Finkelstein learned AutoCAD in Israel, where she always got to pore over the manual because it was in English. After returning to the United States, she started consulting and teaching AutoCAD as well as other computer programs, including Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. She has also taught courses on Web writing and usability. Her Web site, contains tips and techniques for AutoCAD, PowerPoint, and presenting, and she publishes the AutoCAD Tips Blog, and a monthly AutoCAD Tips Newsletter. Ellen has written extensively on AutoCAD, including articles for Autodesk s Web site and features for AutoCAD s Help system. Ellen s first book was AutoCAD For Dummies Quick Reference. Since then, she has written books on PowerPoint, OpenOffice.org (OpenOffice. org For Dummies), Flash (such as Flash CS4 For Dummies), and Web technologies (Syndicating Web Sites with RSS Feeds For Dummies). You re holding the tenth edition (wow!) of this book, which previously appeared for AutoCAD releases 14, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, and vi

9 Credits Senior Acquisitions Editor Stephanie McComb Project Editor Jade L. Williams Technical Editors Lee Ambrosius, Darren Young Copy Editor Marylouise Wiack Editorial Director Robyn Siesky Editorial Manager Cricket Krengel Business Manager Amy Knies Senior Marketing Manager Sandy Smith Vice President and Executive Group Publisher Richard Swadley Project Coordinator Kristie Rees Graphics and Production Specialists Samantha K. Allen Ana Carrillo Carrie A. Cesavice Andrea Hornberger Jennifer Mayberry Ronald Terry Proofreading Bonnie Mikkelson Indexing BIM Indexing & Proofreading Services Media Development Project Manager Laura Moss Media Development Assistant Project Manager Jenny Swisher Media Development Associate Producer Joshua Frank Vice President and Executive Publisher Barry Pruett vii

10 Foreword...xxxvii Acknowledgments...xxxviii Introduction...xxxix Part I: AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT Basics Quick Start: Drawing a Window... 3 Chapter 1: Starting to Draw Chapter 2: Opening a Drawing Chapter 3: Using Commands Chapter 4: Specifying Coordinates Chapter 5: Setting Up a Drawing Part II: Drawing in Two Dimensions Chapter 6: Drawing Simple Lines Chapter 7: Drawing Curves and Points Chapter 8: Viewing Your Drawing Chapter 9: Editing Your Drawing with Basic Tools Chapter 10: Editing Your Drawing with Advanced Tools Chapter 11: Organizing Drawings with Layers, Colors, Linetypes, and Lineweights Chapter 12: Obtaining Information from Your Drawing Chapter 13: Creating Text Chapter 14: Drawing Dimensions Chapter 15: Creating Dimension Styles Chapter 16: Drawing Complex Objects Chapter 17: Plotting and Printing Your Drawing Part III: Working with Data Chapter 18: Working with Blocks and Attributes Chapter 19: Referencing Other Drawings Chapter 20: Working with External Databases Part IV: Drawing in Three Dimensions Chapter 21: Specifying 3D Coordinates Chapter 22: Viewing 3D Drawings Chapter 23: Creating 3D Surfaces Chapter 24: Creating Solids and Editing in 3D Chapter 25: Rendering in 3D viii

11 Part V: Organizing and Managing Drawings Chapter 26: Keeping Control of Your Drawings Chapter 27: Working with Other Applications Chapter 28: Creating Electronic Output Part VI: Customizing AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT Chapter 29: Customizing Commands, Toolbars, and Tool Palettes Chapter 30: Creating Macros and Slide Shows Chapter 31: Creating Your Own Linetypes and Hatch Patterns Chapter 32: Creating Shapes and Fonts Chapter 33: Customizing the Ribbon and Menus Part VII: Programming AutoCAD Chapter 34: Understanding AutoLISP and Visual LISP Basics Chapter 35: Exploring AutoLISP Further Chapter 36: Exploring Advanced AutoLISP Topics Chapter 37: Programming with Visual Basic for Applications Part VIII: Appendixes Appendix A: Installing and Configuring AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT Appendix B: AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT Resources Appendix C: What s on the DVD-ROM Index ix

12 x

13 Foreword xxxvii Acknowledgments xxxviii Introduction xxxix Part I: AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT Basics 1 Quick Start: Drawing a Window Summary Chapter 1: Starting to Draw AutoCAD s Advantages Comparing AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT Starting AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT Creating a New Drawing Using the AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT Interface The drawing area The UCS icon The crosshairs The ribbon and Quick Access toolbar Using the Application menu The command line and dynamic input tooltip The status bar Creating a New Folder Using the Interface Saving a Drawing Closing a Drawing and Exiting from AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT Summary Chapter 2: Opening a Drawing Creating a New Drawing from a Template Working with Templates Customizing the default template Creating your own templates Creating a Drawing with Default Settings Opening an Existing Drawing Using other ways to open drawings Switching among open drawings Saving a Drawing under a New Name Summary xi

14 Chapter 3: Using Commands The AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT Interface Using the ribbon Using menus...39 Using shortcut menus Using dialog boxes Using toolbars Using palettes Tool palettes The Command Line and Dynamic Input Using Dynamic Input Understanding command names Responding to commands Command Techniques Repeating commands Using recent input Canceling commands Undoing a command Redoing a command Using one command within another command Of Mice and Pucks Getting Help Getting help on a command Finding help with Quickstart links Using the main Help system The tab The Index tab The Search tab Working with Help screens Using the InfoCenter Search Help The Communication Center Favorites Summary Chapter 4: Specifying Coordinates Understanding the X,Y Coordinate System Drawing units Types of measurement notation Typing Coordinates Using the Dynamic Input tooltip to enter coordinates Typing coordinates in the Dynamic Input tooltip Specifying Dynamic Input settings Overriding Dynamic Input settings Absolute Cartesian coordinates Relative Cartesian coordinates Polar coordinates...69 xii

15 Direct distance entry Orthogonal mode Polar tracking Setting polar tracking angles Using polar tracking Displaying Coordinates Picking Coordinates on the Screen Snap settings Snapping to a grid Snapping at polar angles The grid Object snaps Running object snaps and Object Snap mode Overriding Coordinate Settings Locating Points Object snap tracking Using the temporary tracking feature Point filters From feature Summary Chapter 5: Setting Up a Drawing Choosing Unit Types Setting the drawing units Setting the angle type Setting the angle measure and direction Drawing Limits Understanding Scales Working with scale formats Using annotative scales Customizing the scale list Deciding on a scale and sheet size Creating a Titleblock Specifying Common Setup Options Customizing with the MVSETUP Command and Setup Wizards Summary Part II: Drawing in Two Dimensions 113 Chapter 6: Drawing Simple Lines Using the LINE Command Drawing Rectangles Drawing Polygons Creating Construction Lines Creating Rays Summary xiii

16 Chapter 7: Drawing Curves and Points Drawing Circles Understanding the circle options Drawing circles Drawing Arcs Understanding arc options Drawing arcs Creating Ellipses and Elliptical Arcs Understanding ellipse options Creating ellipses Creating elliptical arcs Drawing ellipses Making Donuts Understanding DONUT options Drawing donuts Placing Points Changing the point style Creating points Summary Chapter 8: Viewing Your Drawing Regenerating and Redrawing the Display Panning Using the PAN command Using the scroll bars Using the ZOOM Command Understanding ZOOM options Using ZOOM Dynamic Using the SteeringWheel Creating Named Views Saving a view Displaying a view Managing named views Creating animated presentations from named views Using named views to manage a drawing A drawing with a view Partially opening a drawing Using named views with sheet sets Working with Tiled Viewports Configuring tiled viewports Creating tiled viewports Removing tiled viewports Using tiled viewports Saving and restoring viewport configurations Using Snap Rotation Understanding User Coordinate Systems Understanding UCS options Saving and restoring a custom UCS xiv

17 Controlling the UCS icon Using a custom UCS Creating Isometric Drawings Understanding isometric planes Drawing in Isometric mode Summary Chapter 9: Editing Your Drawing with Basic Tools Editing a Drawing Understanding object-selection basics Erasing objects Moving objects Copying objects Copying and moving objects from one drawing to another Rotating objects Scaling objects Using the CHANGE command Changing lines Changing circles Selecting Objects Selecting objects after choosing a command Cycling through objects Selecting objects before choosing a command Implied windowing Customizing the selection process Pickbox Size Selection Preview Noun/verb selection Use Shift to Add to Selection Press and Drag Implied windowing Object grouping Associative Hatch Summary Chapter 10: Editing Your Drawing with Advanced Tools Copying and Moving Objects Mirroring objects Using the ARRAY command Rectangular arrays Polar (circular) arrays Offsetting objects Aligning objects Using the ALIGN command Using the 3DALIGN command Resizing Commands Trimming objects Extending objects Lengthening objects Stretching objects xv

18 xvi Using Construction Commands Breaking objects Joining objects Creating chamfered corners Creating rounded corners Creating a Revision Cloud Hiding Objects with a Wipeout Constraining Objects with Parameters Using geometric constraints Auto-constraining objects Using dimensional constraints Working with the Parameters Manager Double-Clicking to Edit Objects Grips Stretching with grips Stretching one line Stretching multiple lines Moving with grips Rotating with grips Scaling with grips Mirroring with grips Customizing grips Editing with the Quick Properties Palette and the Properties Palette Using the Quick Properties palette Using the Properties palette Selection Filters Using Quick Select to select objects Using the FILTER command Creating a single filter Adding a second filter Naming and editing filters Using filters Groups Creating and modifying groups in AutoCAD Creating a new group Changing a group Creating and modifying groups in AutoCAD LT Creating a new group Changing a group in AutoCAD LT Using groups Summary Chapter 11: Organizing Drawings with Layers, Colors, Linetypes, and Lineweights Working with Layers Understanding layers Creating new layers Naming the layer Assigning a color Assigning a linetype Assigning a lineweight

19 Using layers Switching the current layer Changing a layer s state Saving layer states Changing an existing object s layer Making an object s layer current Using special layer tools Modifying layers Managing columns Filtering the layer list Changing a layer s color, linetype, and lineweight Renaming layers Deleting layers Purging layers and linetypes Changing Object Color, Linetype, and Lineweight Changing an object s color Changing the current color Changing an object s linetype Changing the current linetype Changing an object s lineweight Changing the current lineweight Working with Linetype Scales Changing linetype spacing by using a different linetype Changing linetype spacing by changing the global linetype scale Changing linetype spacing by changing the object linetype scale Changing the current object linetype scale Changing an existing object s linetype scale Importing Layers and Linetypes from Other Drawings Matching Properties Summary Chapter 12: Obtaining Information from Your Drawing Drawing-Level Information Listing the status of your drawing Listing system variables Tracking drawing time Object-Level Information Listing objects Finding coordinates Measuring objects Getting information from the Properties palette Getting information from the Quick Properties panel Dividing and Spacing Commands Dividing objects Measuring objects AutoCAD s Calculator Calculating numbers Using coordinates Using object snaps Using the scientific calculator xvii

20 Converting units Working with QuickCalc variables Using QuickCalc in the Properties palette Summary Chapter 13: Creating Text Creating Single-Line Text Justifying single-line text Setting the height Setting the rotation angle Adding special characters and formatting Editing single-line text Scaling text Justifying text Understanding Text Styles Creating a new text style Font Size Effects Renaming and deleting text styles Modifying a text style Making a style current or changing a text object s style Importing a text style Creating Multiline Text Using the In-Place Text Editor Specifying and changing line spacing Specifying width and rotation Creating text for different scales Editing paragraph text Importing text Creating Tables Inserting a table Specifying a table style General properties Text properties Border properties Completing the table style Adding data to a table Entering data into a table Linking to external data Extracting data from drawing objects Modifying a table Changing the text Changing table properties Changing cell properties Breaking a table into sections Inserting Fields Creating fields Editing and updating fields xviii

21 Managing Text Using Quicktext Using AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT fonts Freezing text layers Using MIRRTEXT Finding Text in Your Drawing Checking Your Spelling Summary Chapter 14: Drawing Dimensions Working with Dimensions The elements of a dimension Preparing to dimension Drawing Linear Dimensions Specifying the dimensioned object Using dimension options MText Text Angle Horizontal/vertical Rotated Creating jogged dimension lines Drawing Aligned Dimensions Specifying the dimensioned object Using the options Creating Baseline and Continued Dimensions Drawing baseline dimensions Drawing continued dimensions Dimensioning Arcs and Circles Marking arc and circle centers Dimensioning arc lengths Creating radial dimensions Creating diameter dimensions Dimensioning Angles Creating Ordinate Dimensions Drawing Leaders Creating a multileader Editing multileaders Creating a multileader style Aligning and combining leaders Using Quick Dimension Creating Inspection Dimensions Creating Geometric Tolerances Starting the tolerance frame Inserting the tolerance frame Editing a tolerance frame xix

22 Editing Dimensions Editing associativity DIMREASSOCIATE DIMDISASSOCIATE DIMREGEN Using the DIMEDIT command Using the DIMTEDIT command Flipping dimension arrows Editing dimension text Using the Properties palette to edit dimensions Changing annotative scales Spacing dimensions equally apart Breaking dimensions Using Quick Dimension to edit dimensions Using grips to edit dimensions Editing objects and dimensions together Summary Chapter 15: Creating Dimension Styles Understanding Dimension Styles Defining a New Dimension Style Managing dimension lines Dimension lines Extension lines Defining symbols and arrows Defining arrowheads Defining symbols Managing dimension text Text appearance Text placement Text alignment Fitting dimensions into tight spaces Fit Options Text Placement Scale for Dimension Features Defining primary units Linear Dimensions Angular Dimensions Defining alternate units Formatting tolerances Changing Dimension Styles Choosing a new current dimension style Creating a variant of a dimension style Modifying a dimension to use a new dimension style Modifying dimension styles Overriding a dimension style Updating dimensions Comparing dimension styles Copying dimension styles from other drawings Summary xx

23 Chapter 16: Drawing Complex Objects Creating and Editing Polylines Using the PLINE command Editing polylines with the PEDIT command Editing polylines with the Properties palette or Quick Properties palette Drawing and Editing Splines Creating splines Editing splines Creating Regions Creating Boundaries Creating Hatches Understanding hatch patterns Defining a hatch Specifying the hatch type and pattern Setting the hatch angle and scale Setting the hatch origin Determining the hatch boundary Islands Other advanced options Dragging and dropping hatch patterns Creating gradient fills Editing hatches Using the SOLID command Creating and Editing Multilines Creating a multiline style Defining multiline style properties Saving a new multiline style Loading a multiline style Drawing multilines Editing multilines Creating Dlines in AutoCAD LT Using the SKETCH Command Digitizing Drawings with the TABLET Command Summary Chapter 17: Plotting and Printing Your Drawing Preparing a Drawing for Plotting or Printing Doing a draft plot Plotting a drawing from model space Creating a Layout in Paper Space Entering paper space Using the Layout Wizard Laying out a drawing in paper space on your own Managing layouts Using the Page Setup Manager Preparing layers Inserting a titleblock Creating floating viewports Returning to model space while on a layout xxi

24 Setting viewport scale Locking the viewport Setting viewport size, placement, and display Controlling scale for noncontinuous linetypes Setting layer visibility and properties within a viewport Setting hidden and shaded views for viewports Annotating a layout Using annotation objects on a layout Adding text and dimensions in paper space Export a layout to model space of a new drawing Saving a layout template Working with Plot Styles Setting the plot-style mode Creating a plot-style table Creating a named plot-style table Editing a plot-style table Attaching a plot-style table to a layout Setting the plot-style property for a layer or object Plotting a Drawing Specifying plot settings Previewing your plot Creating a plot stamp Creating the plot Summary Part III: Working with Data 523 Chapter 18: Working with Blocks and Attributes Combining Objects into Blocks Understanding base points and insertion points Creating a block Redefining a block Saving blocks as files Replacing an existing file Inserting Blocks and Files into Drawings Using the Insert dialog box Using the DesignCenter Managing Blocks Working with layers Exploding blocks Using the XPLODE command Editing blocks Double-clicking to edit blocks Editing blocks with grips Updating blocks Substituting blocks xxii

25 Creating and Using Dynamic Blocks Understanding action-based parameters Understanding the work flow of dynamic blocks Defining a dynamic block with action-based parameters Adding a parameter Adding an action Adding visibility parameters Adding lookup parameters and actions Using parameter sets Using parametric constraints Creating a Block Table Saving and testing dynamic blocks Inserting and modifying dynamic blocks Using Windows Features to Copy Data Manipulating objects with the Windows Clipboard Using drag-and-drop Working with Attributes Creating attribute definitions Mode section Attribute section Text Settings section Insertion Point section Creating the block Inserting blocks with attributes Editing attributes Editing attribute properties in AutoCAD Editing attribute properties in AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT Making global changes in attributes Redefining attributes Extracting a database from attributes Summary Chapter 19: Referencing Other Drawings Understanding External References Attaching an external reference Opening an xref Using the External References palette Editing an Xref within Your Drawing Choosing the xref or block to edit Editing the xref Controlling Xref Display Xrefs and dependent symbols Xrefs and layers The XBIND command Circular references Clipping xrefs xxiii

26 Speeding up the display of large xrefs Demand loading Spatial indexes Layer indexes Managing Xrefs Xref notification DesignCenter The xref log file Working with DWF, DGN, and PDF Underlays Attaching a DWF underlay Attaching a DGN underlay Attaching a PDF underlay Modifying an underlay Adjusting the appearance of an underlay Clipping an underlay Displaying the frame of an underlay Using object snaps with underlays Control the layers of an underlay Summary Chapter 20: Working with External Databases Understanding External Database Access Preparing for Database Connectivity Organizing the database structure Configuring a data source Connecting to Your Database Connecting a database to a drawing Opening a data table Editing data in the Data View window Linking Data to Drawing Objects Creating a link template Creating a link Viewing linked objects and rows Editing links Exporting link information Creating Labels Creating label templates Creating attached labels Creating freestanding labels Querying with the Query Editor Using the Quick Query tab Using the Range Query tab Using the Query Builder tab Building a query with multiple criteria Specifying fields and sorting Using the SQL Query tab Creating selection sets with Link Select xxiv

27 Working with Query Files Storing queries Importing and exporting queries Summary Part IV: Drawing in Three Dimensions 643 Chapter 21: Specifying 3D Coordinates Working in a 3D Environment Using 3D Coordinates Absolute and relative Cartesian coordinates in 3D Cylindrical and spherical coordinates Using editing commands with 3D wireframes Using point filters, object snaps, object tracking, and grips in 3D Point filters Object snaps Object tracking Grips Creating 3D polylines Creating helixes Using Elevation and Thickness Creating surfaces with thickness Using the HIDE command Controlling the display of hidden lines and objects Adding elevation to objects Working with the User Coordinate System Using the UCS icon UCSs and viewpoints Using UCS options to change the UCS Changing the UCS dynamically Summary Chapter 22: Viewing 3D Drawings Working with the Standard Viewpoints Using the VPOINT command Looking at a drawing from the standard viewpoints Using DDVPOINT Using the ViewCube to View Your Drawing Creating a Named View with a Camera Creating a camera Editing a camera Adding a Background to a Named View Working with the Tripod and Compass Displaying a Quick Plan View Displaying Parallel and Perspective Projections xxv

28 Using 3D Orbit Starting 3D Orbit Navigating with 3D Orbit Using the 3D Orbit visual aids Creating a continuous orbit Resetting the view Refining your 3D Orbit view Panning in 3D Orbit Zooming in 3D Orbit Using Zoom options in 3D Orbit Adjusting the camera distance Controlling view properties Creating parallel and perspective views Using a preset view Using ShowMotion to Cycle Through Views Creating shots Displaying shots Walking Through a Model Navigating in Walk mode Specifying Walk mode settings Flying through a model Saving the walk as a movie file Using a motion path to save a movie file Navigating with the Wheel Using DVIEW to a Create a Perspective View Using DVIEW Understanding the DVIEW options Working with Visual Styles Displaying visual styles in AutoCAD Creating custom visual styles Using the shading options in AutoCAD LT Display materials, textures, and lights as you work Laying Out 3D Drawings Using SOLVIEW to lay out paper space viewports Using SOLDRAW to create hidden lines and hatching Using SOLPROF to create profiles Flattening 3D drawings Printing in 3D Summary Chapter 23: Creating 3D Surfaces Drawing Surfaces with 3DFACE Using the 3DFACE command Making 3D face edges invisible Controlling visibility during 3D face creation Using the EDGE command Using the SPLFRAME system variable Drawing Surfaces with PFACE xxvi

29 Creating Plane Surfaces Creating Polygon Meshes with 3DMESH Drawing Standard 3D Shapes Box Wedge Pyramid Cone Sphere Dome Dish Torus Mesh Drawing Revolved Surfaces Understanding the REVSURF command Determining the angle of rotation Setting the number of segments Using the REVSURF command Working with the REVOLVE command Drawing an Extruded Surface Working with the TABSURF command Working with the EXTRUDE command Sweeping objects along a path Drawing Surfaces Between 2D Objects Creating ruled surfaces Lofting objects Drawing Edge Surfaces Working with Multiple Types of Objects Converting 2D objects to surfaces Converting meshes to smooth surfaces Thickening a surface into a solid Extracting edges from a surface or a region Summary Chapter 24: Creating Solids and Editing in 3D Drawing Basic Smooth Solids Drawing a box Drawing a wedge Drawing a cone Drawing a sphere Drawing a cylinder Drawing a torus Drawing a pyramid Creating Extruded Solids Managing objects used to make other objects Using the EXTRUDE command Drawing Swept Solids Drawing Revolved Solids Drawing Lofted Solids Drawing Polyline-Like Solids xxvii

30 Manipulating Solids Grip-editing solids Selecting sub-objects Moving, rotating, and scaling with the gizmos Using the Move gizmo and the 3DMOVE command Using the Rotate gizmo and the 3DROTATE command Using the Scale gizmo and the 3DSCALE command Working with Mesh Shapes Creating meshes Editing meshes Using grips and gizmos to edit meshes Adjusting mesh smoothness Refining a mesh Extruding a face Splitting a face Creasing a mesh Converting solids and meshes Converting smooth solids and surfaces to meshes Converting meshes to smooth solids Creating Complex Solids Combining solids Subtracting solids Creating a solid from the intersection of two solids Creating a new solid by using INTERFERE Pressing or pulling a region Using solid history Sectioning and Slicing Solids Using the SECTION command Creating an interactive section object Using the SLICE command Using Editing Commands in 3D Mirroring in 3D Arraying in 3D Creating 3D rectangular arrays Creating 3D polar arrays Rotating in 3D Aligning in 3D Trimming and extending in 3D Filleting in 3D Chamfering in 3D Exploding and converting 3D objects Using the SOLIDEDIT Command Editing faces Extruding faces Moving faces Offsetting faces Deleting faces Rotating faces Tapering faces Copying faces xxviii