Contents. Prologue 27. Chapter 1: Introducing AutoCAD 29 Introduction 30. Getting Started with the Set-Up 31

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1 vii Contents Prologue 27 Chapter 1: Introducing AutoCAD 29 Introduction 30 Downloading a Free Copy of AutoCAD 30 Getting Started with the Set-Up 31 Launching AutoCAD 31 The Welcome Screen 31 The Application Window 32 The Application Menu 33 The Quick Access Toolbar 34 The InfoCenter 34 Workspaces 35 The 2D Drafting & Annotation Workspace 35 The Ribbon 36 Tabs and Panels 37 Tooltips and the F1 Key 38 The Minimize Ribbon Button 38 The Command Window 39 The Application Status Bar 39 Floating and Docking Workspace Elements 40 The Drawing Area 41 The ViewCube 41 The Navigation Bar 42 The World Coordinate System (WCS) and User Coordinate System (UCS) 42 Working with Drawing Files 43 Creating New Files from Templates 43 Switching and Managing Drawing Windows 44 Saving Drawing Files 44 Drawing Versions 46 Displaying the Full File Path 47

2 viii Protecting Your Work 48 Backup Files 48 File Histories and 48 Hardware Storage Devices 48 Beginning with Basic Drawing Tools 49 The Escape Key 49 The Line Command 50 The Undo Command 51 The Space Bar 51 Selecting and Shift-Selecting 52 Drawing a Rough Sketch 53 Opening a File 53 Drawing Freehand 54 Chapter Summary 55 Skills Learned 55 Project Check 55 Chapter 2: Types of Theatres and Drawings 57 Examining Types of Theatres 58 The Thrust Stage Theatre 58 The Studio Theatre 59 The Proscenium Theatre 60 The Stage Divisions and Directions 61 Introducing the Drawings 61 The Ground Plan 62 The Extended Elevations 63 The Front Elevation 64 The Centre Line Section 65 Three-Dimensional Projections 66 Isometric Projections 66 3D CAD Renderings 67 Chapter Summary 68

3 ix Chapter 3: Drafting for the Theatre 69 Understanding CAD Coordinate Systems 70 The Cartesian Coordinate System 70 The Polar Coordinate System 71 Absolute and Relative Coordinate Entries 72 Imperial Units 73 Unit Formatting, Precision, and Insertion Scale Settings 73 Setting the Drawing Scale and the Annotation Scale 75 Drawing the Globe Theatre 76 Coordinate Entries 76 Object Snap (Osnap) 77 Erase 78 Preparing a Proscenium Stage Template 79 The Proscenium Ground Plan 79 The Centre Line (CL) and Plaster Line (PL) 80 Drawing the Centre Line 80 Drawing the Plaster Line 81 Zooming In 81 Organizing Layers 83 Adjusting Line Type and Weight 83 Placing Lines on Another Layer 84 The Proscenium Layer 85 Locking Layers 85 Adjusting Line Types 85 Assigning Line Types to Lines 86 Global Scale Factor and Linetype Scale 87 Working with Global, Layer, and Object Settings 88 Inheritance 88 The Theatre Template 88 Chapter Summary 90 Skills Learned 90 Project Check 90

4 x Chapter 4: The Ground Plan 91 Drawing the Basic Box Set 92 Sight Lines 92 Flats 93 The Walls 94 Offsetting the Wall Lines 94 Finishing Joints and Ends 95 Open-End Joints 96 Overlapping Joints 96 Shortfall Joints 97 Adding the Corridor and Study 98 Working with Blocks TO add the Set Openings 99 Best Practices for Creating Blocks 100 Base Points 100 Orientation 100 Layer The Single Door Block 101 The Top Jamb and Casing 102 Adding the Door 105 Creating a Block 106 Breaking the Wall 108 The Two-Way Swinging Door 109 Adding Another Door Block 110 Modifying the Door Block 112 Moving the Door Hinge 113 Mirroring the Door Swing 114 The Double Door 116 The Archway 118 The Fireplace 120 The Hearth 120 The Mantelpiece 122 The Fireplace Legs 123 The Firebox 124 Adding Hidden Construction Lines 126

5 xi The Bay Window 127 Breaking Wall Lines 129 Adding Muntins to the Windows 130 Drawing the Staircase 134 The Steps 136 The Bullnose Steps 138 The Landing and Hallway 140 The Escape Stairs 141 The Balustrade 142 The Balusters and Handrail 143 The Secret Passage 148 Adding Flown Elements 150 Soft Masking: The Legs 150 The Cyclorama 152 Downloading and Inserting Furniture 154 The DesignCenter 154 Reviewing and Revising the Set Design 156 Revision #1: Moving the Bay Window 158 Writing a Block 158 Revision #2: Moving the Library Doors 159 Revision #3: Changing the Library Doors to Sliding Doors 160 Revision #4: Adding the Upstage Hall Door 160 Revision #5: Adding the Upstairs Door 160 Revision #6: Installing Extra Backing Flats 160 Labelling the Set 162 Multileader Labels 162 The Wall and Tread Height Labels 164 The Centre and Plaster Line Labels 165 Adding Descriptions with Leader Lines and Text 167 Working with Dimensions 169 Dimension Components 169 Annotative Dimensions 169

6 xii Setting the Dimension Style 170 Matching Annotative and Viewport Scales 172 Adding Linear Dimensions 174 Chapter Summary 176 Skills Learned 176 Project Check 176 Chapter 5: The Extended Elevations 177 Updating the Template 178 Drawing the Walls 179 Dynamic Input 179 Ortho Mode 180 Taking Measurements 180 Spacing the Walls Out with Otrack 181 Adding Some Openings 182 Labelling the Walls 183 Preparing Guide Lines 183 Adding the Labels 184 Adding the Top Views 185 Bevelling the Edges of the Walls 186 Hatching Bevel Shadows 187 Adding Treatments and Components 188 The Door Casing 189 The Crown Moulding, Skirting, and Chair Rail Lines 190 The Staircase, Stringers, and Mouldings on Walls C, J, and K 191 Wall C 191 Wall J 193 Wall K 194 The Wainscoting 194 The Doors 196 The Window Stiles, Rails, and Muntins 199

7 xiii Drawing the Moulding Details 200 The Crown Moulding 201 The Skirting Board 204 The Door Casing 206 The Chair Rail 207 Understanding Model Space, Paper Space, and Layouts 209 Floating Viewports 209 Dimensioning in Paper Space 213 Associative Dimensions 213 Dimension Style 213 The Width Dimensions 215 The Height Dimensions 219 Heights of Openings 219 The Bay Window Dimensions 221 The Joint Angle Dimensions 223 Multiline Text for Moulding Details 224 The Moulding Number Labels 225 Chapter Summary 229 Skills Learned 229 Project Check 229 Chapter 6: The Centre Line Section 231 Understanding the Pipe Legend 232 Introducing Lighting 234 Lighting Pipes and Zones 235 Lighting Angles 236 Types of Lighting Instruments 237 Downloading the Proscenium theatre Section and Accompanying Blocks 239 Transferring Key Scenery from the Ground Plan 240

8 xiv Adding Lights 243 Drawing Sight Lines 244 Trimming Borders 245 Chapter Summary 248 Skills Learned 248 Project Check 248 Chapter 7: Modelling in 3D 249 Understanding 3D Modelling 250 The 3D Workspace 251 The Ribbon, Tabs, and Panels 252 The WCS and UCS 252 Visual Styles 253 The Application Status Bar 254 The Grid and Snap 254 Navigating a 3D Drawing 255 The Navigation Bar 255 Zoom and Pan 255 Orbit 255 Full Navigation with Steering Wheels 256 The ViewCube 257 The Compass 258 The Cube 258 Changing the View Options 259 Switching from 2D to 3D 259 Option 1: Inserting the Ground Plan into the 3D Drawing 259 Option 2: Converting a 2D Drawing to 3D 260 Building the Set Walls in 3D 262 To Presspull or To Extrude? 262 Modelling 3D Walls from 2D 265 Adding the Details 266 The 3D Move Command 267

9 xv The 3D Rotate Command 268 Modelling the Doors 270 Modelling the Fireplace Elements 271 The Mantelpiece, Legs, and Hearth 271 The Chimney Breast 272 Modelling the Staircase 274 The Newel Posts 274 The Balusters 276 The Steps 276 The Banister 277 Modelling the Furnishings 281 The Bench 281 The Chesterfield 281 Revolving the Chesterfield Corners 283 Rounding the Armrests 284 Adding a Seat and Cushions 285 Adding Legs 285 Merging the Chesterfield Components 286 Applying Texture Maps and Materials 287 Inserting the Last of the Furniture 292 Hanging a Portrait 293 Colouring Objects 294 Rendering Presentation Images 294 Animating Presentation Movies 296 Chapter Summary 300 Skills Learned 300 Project Check 300 Chapter 8: Finalizing and Printing Files 301 Preparing Drawing Files for Delivery 302 Purging Unused Items 302 Deleting Stubborn Layers 302

10 xvi Solving Multileader Layer Problems 304 Reordering Layer Objects 305 General Advice 305 Packaging Drawing Files for Transmission 306 Preparing Drawings for Printing 307 Preparing Title Blocks and Layouts 307 Troubleshooting the Display of Linetype Scales 312 Linetype Scale Property for Individual Lines 312 Linetype Units 312 Understanding Lineweights in Model and Paper Space 313 Model Space 313 Paper Space 313 Troubleshooting Model Space Dimensions in Paper Space 313 Printing 314 Page Setup for the Layout 314 Plotting 316 Sharing Your Print Files with PDF Format 318 Chapter Summary 320 Epilogue 321 Appendix A: File Naming Conventions 323 Keyword Hierarchies 323 Letter Casing and Special Characters 324 Appendix B: Automatic Saving and Backup Files 325 Automatic Saving 325 Setting Up an Automatic Save Folder 325 Automatic Save Options 326 Recovering Work 326 Backup Files Location 328 Changing the Saving Location of Backups 328

11 xvii Appendix C: Theatre Drafting Conventions and Line Types 331 Drafting Conventions 331 Drafting Line Types 332 Appendix D: Flat Construction 333 Stairs and Risers 334 Glossary 337 Selected Bibliography 347 further reading 347 Index of Command and Button tables 349