Understanding Manga and Anime
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1 Understanding Manga and Anime Robin E. Brenner LIBRARIES UNLIMITED
2 Un der stand ing Manga and Anime
3
4 Understanding Manga and Anime Robin E. Brenner Westport, Con nect i cut Lon don
5 Li brary of Con gress Cat a log ing-in-pub li ca tion Data Brenner, Robin E., Un der stand ing manga and anime / Robin E. Brenner. p. cm. In cludes bib lio graph i cal ref er ences and in dex. ISBN (alk. pa per) 1. Libraries Special collections Audio-visual materials. 2. Li brar ies Spe cial col lec tions Comic books, strips, etc. 3. Young adults li brar ies Col lec tion de vel op ment. 4. Li brar ies and teen ag ers. 5. An i mated films Ja pan His tory and crit i cism. 6. An i mated tele vi sion pro grams Ja pan His tory and crit i cism. 7. An i mated vid eos Ja pan His tory and crit i cism. 8. Comic books, strips, etc. His tory and crit i cism. I. Ti tle. Z692.A93B dc British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copy right 2007 by Li brar ies Un lim ited All rights re served. No por tion of this book may be re pro duced, by any pro cess or tech nique, with out the ex press writ ten con sent of the pub lisher. Li brary of Con gress Cat a log Card Num ber: ISBN: First pub lished in 2007 Li brar ies Un lim ited, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT A Mem ber of the Green wood Pub lish ing Group, Inc. Printed in the United States of Amer ica The pa per used in this book com plies with the Per ma nent Pa per Stan dard is sued by the Na tional In for ma tion Stan dards Or ga ni za tion (Z )
6 Con tents Ac knowl edg ments...vii In tro duc tion...ix Chap ter One: Short His tory of Manga and Anime...1 Or i gins...1 West ern In flu ence....3 Jour ney to the West...11 The Manga and Anime Mar ket To day...13 Anat omy of a Manga...20 References...25 Chap ter Two: Manga and Anime Vo cab u lary Read Manga! And Then Read More...27 Character Design Is Their Personality...28 Emo tion Is the Key Basic Vocabulary...28 In tended Au di ences...30 Character Design...40 Vi sual Sym bols Sym bol ism...58 Pacing...59 End ings Lay out Lan guage...70 For mat...74 An i mat ing Manga All To gether Now References...76 Chap ter Three: Cul ture Clash: East Meets West...77 Fantasy versus Reality...77 Con tent Con fu sion...80 Nu dity Fan Ser vice Gender Play...92 Vi o lence Re li gious Im ag ery Chal lenges and Con cerns References v
7 vi \ Con tents Chap ter Four: Ad ven tures with Nin jas and School girls: Hu mor and Re al ism Hu mor Slice of Life Ro mance References Chap ter Five: Sam u rai and Sho gun: Ac tion, War, and His tor i cal Fic tion Ac tion and Ad ven ture His tor i cal Fic tion References Chap ter Six: Gi ant Ro bots and Na ture Spir its: Sci ence Fic tion, Fan tasy, and Leg ends Science Fiction Fantasy References Chap ter Seven: Un der stand ing Fans and Fan Cul ture Be ing an Otaku The Fan Com mu nity Global Aware ness References Chap ter Eight: Draw in a Crowd: Pro mo tion and Pro grams Creating Fan Interest Pro grams and Events Build ing Your Au di ence References Chapter Nine: Collection Development Col lec tion Build ing Awards Tendspotting: Daily and Weekly Up dates Recommended Title Lists Ap pen dix A: Vo cab u lary Ap pen dix B: Fre quently Asked Ques tions Bib li og ra phy: Rec om mended Fur ther Read ing Cre ator and Ti tle Index Subect In dex
8 Ac knowl edg ments I would never have even contemplated writing this book were it not for the prompting, support, and encouragement from all my professional colleagues and fellow graphic novel librarians. Thanks to all of you who inspire me, including but not limited to Mike Pawuk, Kat Kan, Michele Gorman, Kristin Fletcher-Spear, Beth Gallaway, Christine Jenkins, everyone on the Graphic Novels in Libraries (GNLIB-L) listserv, and all of my readers over at No Flying, No Tights. All of my coworkers at Cary Memorial Library in Lexington and my new colleagues at the Brookline Public Library in Brookline deserve piles of thanks for letting me be a bit crazy at work, especially my fel low float - ers, Janice Franca and Cynthia Johnson. All of the mem bers of Club Otaku, Cary Li brary s manga and anime club, have been in valu able in fuel ing my own en thu si asm while shar ing their own. You are all amaz ing, and I can t wait to see your com ics in print! All of the pub lish ers who were so help ful in my quest to get im age per mis - sions must be ac knowl edged for their tire less pur suit of ex am ple im ages on my be half both here in the United States and in Ja pan. I would es pe cially like to thank Da vid Wise, Audry Tay lor, Amelia Cantlay, Ra chel Livingston, Chris Oarr, Dal las Middaugh, Su san Hale, Charles Babb, Evelyn Dubocq, Dudley Jahnke, and Jane Lui. Also on the pub lisher side of things, thanks go out to all of the pub lisher rep re sen ta tives and ed i tors in clud ing but not lim ited to Lillian Diaz-Pryzbyl, Holly Smith, Alan Payne, Alicia Wil son, and Rich John son as well as all of the cre ators who have given me a mo ment of their time at con fer - ences. This book would not have been pos si ble with out the sup port of my friends, es pe cially the Din ner crowd. Spe cial thanks go out to Jennifer Webb, Alison Kotin, Katie Morrissey, Jennifer Giordano, Jennifer Pectol, Eva Volin, Jessica Smith, and Wil Dalphin, and Snow Wildsmith for help in brain storm ing and ed - it ing along the way. Piles of thanks, hugs, and good choc o late go out to Petra Beunderman, housemate and ed i tor extraordinaire, not to men tion the per son who kept the apart ment neat, me fed, and put up with end less dis course on manga and watch ing anime at any time of day or night. She de serves all kinds of choc o late for read ing this as many times as she did. My fam ily al ways has my thanks: to my sis ter, who read me sto ries when I was lit tle; to my mother, who taught me about art and sci ence and ev ery thing in be tween; and to my fa ther, who al ways knew I could be a car toon ist if I set my mind to it. Thanks for teach ing me to al ways ask why, and even more im por - tant, what if? vii
9 viii \ Ac knowl edg ments Thanks must also go out to my ed i tor, Barbara Ittner, who wran gled this first-time au thor with wit and el o quence, keep ing me fo cused on what we all hoped the book could and should be. Eliz a beth Budd and Emma Bailey were both in valu able, and I thank all of the peo ple at Li brar ies Un lim ited who were in volved in the pro duc tion of this book.
10 In tro duc tion If you go to your lo cal Barnes and No ble book store and sur vey the vast sprawl of shelves, you will soon spy the now-ubiq ui tous graphic novel sec tion. You ll no tice that de spite a long his tory of U.S. com ics dom i nated by superheroes and Pea nuts strips, you now may have to go to the bot tom shelf to find your fa vor ite Spi der-man or Bat man ti tle. Lin ing the shelves, run ning down the aisle and in spe cial dis play racks, a very dif fer ent kind of comic dom i - nates, in neat, seven-inch pa per back vol umes. Jap a nese manga, or print com ics, are steadily tak ing over. No doubt a few lo cal read ers, from young teens to thirty-somethings, are loung ing be tween the shelves read ing the lat est vol ume of their fa vor ite se ries. U.S com ics, once very much a spe cialty comic store and guy s do main, now have pop u lar com pe ti tion, draw ing in ev ery kind of reader and boost ing the visibility of female comics readers dramatically. Graphic nov els as a for mat are still strug gling for ac cep tance as lit er a ture and ev ery thing that la bel im plies, but prog ress is be ing made. But when me dia from the New York Times Book Re view to Entertainment Weekly has be gun fea tur ing and re view ing the lat est ti tles, it can be said that the format has arrived. Ever since the 1950s, when Sen ate in ves ti ga tions er ro ne ously blamed com ics for ju ve nile de lin quency and other un sa vory con di tions, the me dium has strug gled with neg a tive as so ci a tions. The re sult ing back lash from those in - ves ti ga tions en cour aged a con fus ing mish-mash of na tional cul tural mem o ries and ste reo types: it s all porn; it s just for kids; it s all superheroes; it s only lit - er ary if it deals with his tory and mem oir; there s no way it s art or lit er a ture; it s just ephemeral trash with no quality content. Hap pily, li brar i ans and li brar ies, along side com ics au thors, pub lish ers, re - view ers, and other ad vo cates, are fi nally mak ing head way in prov ing the qual - ity and rep u ta tion of their me dium of choice. Al though we may all tire of yet an other head line that pro claims Com ics! Not for Kids Any more! the grow ing rec og ni tion of the va ri ety and qual ity of work that is pro duced in the medium is heartening. Jap a nese manga, how ever, is a dif fer ent story. The same old ste reo types rear their heads again: it s all porn, it s dam ag ing to kids, it s not lit er a ture. The fact that manga are by def i ni tion of for eign or i gin sig nals the ex otic fac tor, mak ing these ti tles even more the other, filled with dif fer ent val ues and ob - scure cus toms. The un fa mil iar sto ries, con ven tions, and ref er ences make the whole kit and ca boo dle puz zling to many adults just as they make it fas ci nat - ing to youn ger read ers in search of some thing new, com plex, and always a bo nus out side their par ents realm of understanding. ix
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