Study Guide Probability SOL s 6.16, 7.9, & 7.10

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1 Study Guide Probability SOL s 6.16, 7.9, & 7.10 What do I need to know for the upcoming assessment? Find the probability of simple events; Determine if compound events are independent or dependent; Find the probability of compound, dependent events; Find the probability of compound, independent events; Determine possible outcomes using the Fundamental Counting Principle; Define and find experimental probability; Define and find theoretical probability; and Compare experimental and theoretical probability utilizing given data. Will I be able to use a calculator during the assessment? Yes, all students will have a calculator during the assessment. How should I prepare for the assessment? Complete the attached practice problems; Review class notes, class work, and homework; ASK questions and come in for help if needed before the assessment; and IXL practice (7 th grade) available for this unit includes: IXL Strand Description Z.1 Simple Events (theoretical probability) Z.3 Experimental Probability Z.5 Compound Event Probability Z.6 Identify Independent and Dependent Events Z.7 Probability of Independent and Dependent Events Z.10 Fundamental Counting Principle

2 Probability Practice 1) Define experimental probability? 2) Define theoretical probability? 3) A standard coin has two sides. One side is heads and one side is tails. A coin is tossed 1,000 times. What is the theoretical probability the coin will land on tails? 4) The pieces of candy in Steve s bag of candy have the following flavors: 10% apple; 30% grape; 60% watermelon. If Steve s friend, Paul, selected a piece of candy at random today, what is the probability that he will select a watermelon piece of candy? Write your answer as a fraction in simplest form. 5) A bag contains 8 yellow marbles, 5 green marbles, and 7 red marbles. What is the theoretical probability that of drawing a yellow marble? Write your answer as a fraction in simplest form.

3 6) Use the spinner below to answer the questions. Write your answer as a fraction in simplest form. a) What is the probability of landing on a section that has a factor of 5? b) The spinner was spun 400 times and landed as follows: Landed on Number of times What is the experimental probability of landing on a multiple of 5? c) Which was greater, the experimental or theoretical probability of landing on a multiple of 5? 7) What is the experimental probability that the next ices cream served will be vanilla? Write your answer as a fraction in simplest form. Ice Cream Number Served Vanilla 3 Chocolate 7 Mint 5

4 8) Use the data in the table below to answer the questions. The data is from a fair two-sided coin. Show your work. Write your answer as a fraction in simplest form. Coin Toss Number Heads 74 Tails 86 a) What is the experimental probability the next coin flip will be heads? b) What is the theoretical probability that the next coin flip will be heads? 9) A lunch special at Sal s Sandwich shop allows the choice of Italian bread, whole wheat bread, or multi-grain bread; salami, turkey, ham, or veggie filling; and cheddar, provolone, pepper jack, or American cheese. a) How many sandwich combinations are possible? b) What is the probability that a customer would choose turkey on whole wheat with pepper jack cheese? c) Out of the last 25 customers, 12 ordered salami, what is the probability that the next customer will order salami as their filling choice? 10) You flip a coin 3 times. What is the probability you come up with tails all three times?

5 11) Kristi is planning to order an omelet off the menu below. Cheese Pepper Jack Sharp Cheddar Monterey Jack Omelet Meat Sausage Bacon Vegetable Peppers Onions Tomatoes Potatoes Salsa a) How many possible outcomes are there for an omelet? b) What is the probability that Kristi will order an omelet with bacon, onions, and pepper jack cheese? 12) A computer password must contain 5 letters and two numbers. The letters A through Z and the numbers 0 through 9 can be used to create the code. Once a letter or number is used, it cannot be used again. What is the total number of possible codes that can be created? Show your work. 13) Jessie has a bag of marbles. She has 5 white, 8 green, and 7 blue. She picks one marble then, without replacing it, she picks a second marble. Which has the greatest probability? a), b), c), d),

6 14) A number cube with faces labeled 1-6 is rolled and a fair coin is tossed. What is the probability of rolling an even number and flipping heads? 15) Paige is trying to decide what to wear to school. Her choices are a red, blue, yellow, or green shirt, leggings or jeans, and sneakers, boots, or slippers, what are the possible combinations? 16) The digits 0 through 9 can be used to create a code for locks of different types. Order the codes from the least possible outcomes to the greatest possible outcomes. a) Five-digit code where digits cannot be repeated. b) Four-digit code where digits can be repeated. c) Five-digit code where digits can be repeated. d) Four-digit code where digits cannot be repeated 17) A number cube with the numbers 1 through 6 is rolled two times. What is the probability of rolling a 6 and then a 5? 18) In her desk Ms. Parikh has 4 blue paperclips, 3 green paperclips, and 5 white paperclips. What is the probability of picking a blue paperclip then a green paperclip without replacement? 19) Ms. Patterson has a bucket of pens with 8 blue highlighters, 7 pink highlighters, and 5 yellow highlighters. What is the probability of choosing a pink highlighter, then a yellow highlighter with replacement?

7 20) A deck of 50 cards contains 12 yellow cards, 17 green cards, 11 blue cards, and 10 red cards. What is the probability of randomly selecting a green card? Give your answer as both a fraction and percent. 21) A box contains: 5 purple marbles 3 green marbles 2 orange marbles Find the probability of each event without replacement. a) P(Orange, then Purple) b) P(Green, then Green) c) P(Purple, then not Purple) 22) Mr. Banks has: 5 white shirts 4 blue shirts 3 pink shirts 2 yellow shirts If two shirts are picked at random without replacement, which situation has a probability of? a) white shirt then blue shirt b) blue shirt then pink shirt c) 2 yellow shirts d) pink shirt then yellow shirt e) white shirt then pink shirt

8 23) A basket contains 8 bananas, 5 oranges, and 7 apples. Which two dependent events have the GREATEST probability of happening? a) P(banana, orange) b) P(orange, orange) c) P(apple, apple) d) P(apple, banana) 24) Lauren has 6 white tops 5 blue tops 4 pink tops 3 yellow tops 2 red tops If Lauren chooses a top, then replaces the top, and chooses another top, which two situations have the same probability? a) (red top, yellow top) b) (blue top, red top) c) (yellow top, pink top) d) (pink top, red top) e) (red top, white top) f) (yellow top, white top) 25) Noah has a six sided number cube. He rolls the number cube 250 times and records the data in the table. Number on the Cube Times Rolled Based on the data shown, the probability of rolling which number has a larger experimental probability than theoretical probability?

9 Answer Key 1) Utilizes the results of an experiment to find the probability of an event. 2) Utilizes a formula to find the probability of an event. 3) 4) 5) 6) a) b) c) experimental probability is greater 7) 8) a) b) 9) a) 64 b) c) 10) 11) a) 30 b) 12) 710,424,000 13) C 14) 15) 24 16) D, B, A, C 17) 18) 19) 20), % 21) a) ; b) ; c) 22) D 23) D 24) C and E 25) 2, 3, and 5 all have a greater experimental probability