Increased use of intertidal resources benefits breeding success in a generalist gull species
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1 The following supplement accompanies the article Increased use of intertidal resources benefits breeding success in a generalist gull species Nina J. O Hanlon*, Rona A. R. McGill, Ruedi G. Nager *Corresponding author: nina.ohanlon@uhi.ac.uk Marine Ecology Progress Series 574: (2017) Table S1. Timing of visits in the study colonies to collect pellets and make observations on brood sizes in (A) 2013 and (B) Table S1A. Dates of colony visits during the 2013 breeding season. Copeland Islay Jura Lady Isle Oronsay Pladda Portpatrick Strangford 16/05/ /05/ /05/ /05/ /05/ /05/ /05/ /05/ /05/ /05/ /05/ /05/ /05/ /05/ /05/ /06/ /05/ /07/ /05/ /05/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /05/ /05/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /05/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /05/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /05/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /05/ /06/ /07/ /06/ /06/ /05/ /06/ /07/ /07/ /06/ /06/ /07/ /07/ /06/ /06/ /07/ /07/ /06/ /06/ /07/ /07/ /06/ /06/ /07/ /07/ /06/ /06/ /07/ /06/ /07/ /07/ /06/ /07/ /06/ /07/ /06/ /07/ /07/ /07/ /07/2013 1
2 Table S1B. Dates of colony visits during the 2014 breeding season. Copeland Islay Jura Lady Isle Oronsay Pladda Portpatrick Strangford 10/05/ /05/ /05/ /05/ /06/ /05/ /05/ /05/ /05/ /05/ /05/ /06/ /05/ /05/ /06/ /05/ /05/ /05/ /06/ /05/ /05/ /06/ /06/ /05/ /06/ /06/ /05/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /05/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /05/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /05/ /07/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /07/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /07/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /07/ /06/ /06/ /07/ /07/ /06/ /07/ /06/ /07/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /07/ /07/2014 2
3 Table S2. Breeding success based on all active nests (including total nest failure) and mean brood size of nests where the chicks reached at least three weeks of age Total number of nests Brood size from all nests Brood size from successfully hatched nests Year Location Reference Sandy Point South, New England Kadlec & Drury Sandy Point North, New England Kadlec & Drury Coatue, New England Kadlec & Drury Block Island, New England Kadlec & Drury Block Island, New England Kadlec & Drury Block Island, New England Kadlec & Drury Skokholm, Wales Davis Skokholm, Wales Davis Skokholm, Wales Davis Great Island, Newfoundland Pierotti Great Island, Newfoundland Pierotti & Annett Great Island, Newfoundland Pierotti & Annett Trerebon, France Pons Trerebon, France Pons Terschelling, Netherlands Bukacińska et al Walney, England R.G. Nager unpub. data Walney, England R.G. Nager unpub. data 3
4 Table S3. Nutritional information on food items consumed by herring gulls within this study (taken from the literature). *energy density estimated from pdm: James et al Food type Mass (g) Energy density kj/g wet weight Protein Lipid Water Reference Terrestrial Grain Heuzé et al Terrestrial invertebrates earthworm Finke 2002 cricket Finke 2002 Mammal (adult house Dierenfeld et al mouse) Bird (chicken, one day old) Dierenfeld et al Refuse chicken USDA 2016 beef USDA 2016 pork USDA 2016 chips USDA 2016 raw potato USDA 2016 bacon USDA 2016 sausages USDA 2016 white bread USDA 2016 Intertidal Crab, Carcinus maenas * Fulton & Fairchild 2013 Mytilus edulis Ciancio et al Littorina littorina Chambers & Milne 1979 Marine offshore Cod Lawson et al Nephrops Björnsson et al
5 Literature cited Björnsson B, Álvaro M, Dombaxe D (2004) Quality of Nephrops as food for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) with possible implications for fisheries management. ICES J Mar Sci 61: Bukacińska M, Bukaciński D, Spaans AL (1996) Attendance and diet in relation to breeding success in Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus). Auk 113: Chambers MR, Milne H (1979) Seasonal variation in the condition of some intertidal invertebrates of the Ythan Estuary, Scotland. Estuar Coast Mar Sci 8: Ciancio JE, Pascual MA, Beauchamp DA (2007) Energy density of Patagonian aquatic organisms and empirical predictions based on water content. Trans Am Fish Soc 136: Davis. JWF (1974) Herring gull population and man. Nat Wales 14: Davis JWF (1975) Age, egg- size and breeding success in the herring gull Larus argentatus. Ibis 117: Dierenfeld ES, Alcorn HL, Jacobsen KL (2002) Nutrient Composition of Whole Vertebrate Prey. Accessed 18 Dec 2016 Finke MD (2002) Complete nutrient composition of commercially raised invertebrates used as food for insectivores. Zoo Biol 21: Fulton BA, Fairchild EA (2013) Nutritional analysis of whole Green Crab, Carcinus maenas, for application as a forage fish replacement in Agrifeeds. Sustain Agric Res 2: Heuzé V, Tran G, Nozière P, Noblet J, Renaudeau D, Lessire M, Lebas F (2016) Barley grain. In: Feedipedia by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ FAO. Accessed 18 Dec 2016 James DA, Csargo IJ, Eschen A Von, et al (2012) A generalized model for estimating the energy density of invertebrates. Freshw Sci 31: Kadlec JA, Drury WH (1968) Structure of the New England Herring Gull population. Ecology 49: Lawson JW, Magalhaes AM, Millerv EH (1998) Important prey species of marine vertebrate predators in the northwest Atlantic: proximate composition and energy density. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 164: Pierotti R (1982) Habitat selection and its effect on reproductive output in the Herring Gull in Newfoundland. Ecology 63: Pierotti R, Annett CA (1991) Diet choice in the Herring Gull: constraints imposed by reproductive and ecological factors. Ecology 72: Pons M (1992) Effects of change in the availability of human refuse on breeding parameters in a herring gull Larus argentatus population in Brittany, France. Ardea 80: USDA (2016) USDA Food Composition Databases. In: United States Dep. Agric. Agric. Res. Serv. 5
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