Aerial Survey Monitoring for Marine Mammals off Southern California in Conjunction with US Navy Major Training Events
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1 Aerial Survey Monitoring for Marine Mammals off Southern California in Conjunction with US Navy Major Training Events Prepared by Mari A. Smultea, SES (SMULTEA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LLC) and e 2 M / HDR
2 Twin-engine Partenavia - SOCAL Oct/Nov 2008 June/July 2009 Nov 2009 May 2010 July 2010 Sept 2010
3 SOCAL Navy Monitoring GOALS 1 Monitor for dead / injured / distressed animals 2 Monitor behavior Before During After MF sonar exposure 3 Locate animals exposed to MF sonar 4 Provide daily snapshots of species presence/absence, distribution, group sizes, general behavior in/outside of active Navy Exercise area 5 Establish baseline
4 Surveys: BEFORE, DURING, AFTER Navy Mid-Frequency Sonar Exercises
5 Methods: Baseline for Comparison of Sonar Effects (1) Focal behavior sessions (2) Abundance line transects (3) Snapshot point sampling
6 Protocol: 2 observers Recorder Pilot Handheld GPS Canon HD still camera mm lens
7 Using Cutting Edge Technology itouch / iphone / ipad Custom Software GIS
8 Focal Behavior Follows: Circle min HD Sony Video camcorder Behavioral software Biospectator Go Noldus Netbook Scan and continuous sampling
9 Advantages of Video:
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16 Focal Behavior: Priority Species Risso s Dolphins: behavior rarely described Large sample size / Common to abundant year round Highly visible below / at surface Long surface periods Deep-diver: SURROGATE SPECIES per Navy Monitoring Plan
17 ESA species: Blue, Fin, Humpback, Sei! Bryde s!
18 Why Aerial Surveys for Sonar Mitigation in SOCAL? (1) Focal Animal Behavior Generate baseline behavior for one or more species when focals conducted before/after Navy sonar exercises Detect abnormal behavior on range by comparing species within and outside Naval exercise areas Eliminate plane as effect on behavior observed (hard to measure what normal is from boat or tagged animal)
19 (2) Transects detect potential sonar effects Snapshot BEFORE DURING AFTER sonar Presence / absence? Abundance / density Group size / cohesion BASELINE behavior vs. sonar period Travel direction (flee?) Unusual behaviors Potential photo-id - residency? Strandings
20 What are advantages of aerial surveys? Snapshot of SOAR range in 1 day Data on vocalizing AND non-vocalizing animals Detect dead animals over large area Cost-effective for data return rate in SOCAL
21 Aerial Surveys Multi platform surveys Ground truth acoustic detections Social behavior Baseline behavior BRS study Tagged whales Photo ID? Catalogs Radio track tagged animals
22 Aerial Photo-ID for novel species Cuvier s beaked whale Killer Whale
23 17 Nov 2008: Dead Blue Whale Contacted NMFS & Janigers Also saw & reported a fin whale entangled in buoy and line
24 San Clemente Island: Shoreline Stranding Surveys Many pinnipeds, mostly CA sea lions 1 dead CA SL seen on 2 days <1 hr to circle San Clemente Island
25 Can Aerial Methods Address NMFS Monitoring Plan Questions? NMFS NMMP Question What are MFAS RLs near animals? Does geographical redistribution occur? How long? What are behavioral responses vs RLs: MFAS & Explosions? Does Navy mitig. avoid Level A Take? Boat Aerial Shore (coastal only) PAM MFAS Vessel Observers Tagging X X (X) X X X X X? (X) X? X X? X (X) X X X X? X? X?
26 SOCAL Preliminary Results: Largest most recent data # Sighting highest of all Navy ranges Abundance some species 10 Cuvier s beaked whales KEY species of concern 5 photographed, photo-id? Photographed rare whales (publication in prep) 4 Bryde s 4 Sei 2 offshore killer whale groups (n=67) Sightings before / during / after sonar exercises Seasonal species diversity and abundance Behavioral & distribution differences
27 Table 1. Summary of SOCAL Aerial Surveys Parameter TOTAL Survey Dates Oct Nov June 5-11 July Nov surveys: June, July, Oct, Nov No. Days Flown Major Training Exercise (MTE) Before, During or After Survey? Before/ During After After After During/ After During, before or after Total Flight Hr (Wheels up/down) Total Observation Effort (km) (excl. poor weather, over land) 4563 km 3838 km 6140 km 6500 km 4823 km 25,864 km (2464 nm) (2072 nm) (3315 nm) (3510 nm) (2604 nm) 13,965 nm No. Navy-directed Survey Changes (appox) No. Coastline Surveys for Strandings (San Clemente Isld) No. Groups Seen Estim. No. Individuals 12, ,719 12,826 63,353 Mean Group Size No. Species No. Focal Groups Circled 5-9 min No. Focal Groups Circled >10 min Longest Focal Follow Duration 29 min (Fin whale) 60 min (Fin whale) 48 min (Fin whale) 38 min (Long-beaked common dolphin) 40 min (Killer whale) 60 min No. Photos Taken Estimated Usable Focal Video (min)
28 June and July 2009: Dolphin sightings in the SoCal aerial survey study area
29 Behavior of Risso s Dolphins: June and July SOCAL 2009 surveys
30 Behavior of Common Dolphins: June and July SOCAL 2009
31 June and July 2009: Whale sightings in the SOCAL aerial survey study area
32 Navy Aerial Surveys in SOCAL and HAWAII Parameter SOCAL HAWAII Total Survey Dates Oct/Nov 2008, June/July/Nov 2009, May, July, Sept 2010 Aug 08, Feb/Aug 2009 No. Surveys No. of Survey Days Effort (km) 33,880 km done NA NA Effort (hr) 188 hr 87 hr 254 hr SIGHTING RATE (# indiv/hr) # Species seen # Individuals 79, ,799 Mean Beaufort sea state
33 Future work: Complete Sept 2010 data analysis Continue aerial surveys (Winter ) Begin video behavioral analysis Further investigate possible sonar disturbances Better understand Risso s dolphin behavior and other species Compare real time data collection to videos using behavior software
34 Acknowledgments: SES / MMRC team: Cathy Bacon, Jenelle Black, Mark Deakos, Sue Garrett, Tom Jefferson, Kate Lomac- MacNair, Lori Mazzuca, Roxann Merizan, Joe Mobley, Tom Norris, Bernd Wuersig, Kristen Ampela, and Julie Hopkins US Pacific Fleet Environmental and Naval Facilities Engineering Command Pacific. Navy personnel: Chip Johnson, Sean Hanser, and Vanessa Pepi Aspen helicopters and pilots Kathleen Veatch, Barry Hanson, Rick Throckmorton, Mike Edomo, Issac Ufford, and Nate
35 Questions?
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