VASEUX LAKE BIRD OBSERVATORY

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1 VASEUX LAKE BIRD OBSERVATORY FALL 2002 Gabriel David November 2002 i

2 The Vaseux Lake Bird Observatory is a project of the Okanagan Similkameen Conservation Alliance. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Canadian Wildlife Service, Bird Studies Canada, BC Field Ornithologists, Oliver Kiwanis and the Vancouver Foundation. We especially thank the participants in the Okanagan Big Day Challenge who have raised funds for this and other south Okanagan conservation projects over the years. ii

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY... 2 MIGRATION MONITORING AT VASEUX LAKE BIRD OBSERVATORY... 3 STUDY SITE EFFECTIVENESS AND COMPARISON... 3 Vaseux Lake... 3 Venner Meadows... 3 METHODS... 4 MONITORING SCHEDULE AND COVERAGE... 6 NEW BANDINGS... 6 RECAPTURES... 6 VISIBLE MIGRATION WATCH... 7 ESTIMATED TOTALS... 7 PERSONNEL... 7 MORTALITIES AND INJURIES... 8 NORTHERN SAW-WHET OWL MONITORING PROGRAM... 8 SYNOPSIS OF THE FALL 2002 MIGRATION MONITORING PERIOD July August September October FINAL WORD LITERATURE CITED

4 SUMMARY The main objective of the Vaseux Lake Bird Observatory (VLBO) is migration monitoring at the Vaseux-Bighorn National Wildlife Area. VLBO is an important stopover for several neo-tropical species, and is a member of the nation-wide Canadian Migration Monitoring Network. The research station is located less than half a kilometer to the north-east of Vaseux Lake in the southern Okanagan Valley of south-central British Columbia. This was only the second season in which monitoring activities were accomplished at this new study site. Prior to 2001, the program was designated to an area approximately 1 km south of the present one. The observatory was moved due to excessive public traffic. During the fall of 2002, personnel undertook the seventh year of migration monitoring at the Vaseux Lake Bird Observatory, achieving a total of 67 days of coverage from July 27 to October 2. Mist netting was performed with nets for approximately 6 hours beginning a half-hour before sunrise. A total of 5382 standard net-hours allowed for the capture and banding of 1,495 individual birds of 59 species and forms. Including non-standard efforts, 1, 538 individuals of 60 species and forms were banded overall. Of these, 50.26% were mist-netted in July/August, and 47.74% in September/October. A total of 156 species were recorded; approximately 63% were neo-tropical migrants. A Blackpoll Warbler was the highlight, representing a new species banded for VLBO and only the third record for the Okanagan Valley. The migration monitoring program in 2002 follows the pilot project in 1994 and fall programs from , and 2001; 1999 and 2000 received no coverage due to lack of funding. As a result of the short distance between the present (location 2) and the previous (location 1) study sites, a Downy Woodpecker originally banded as a Hatch Year in 1998 at location 1 was recaptured at location 2 in However, the most significant recapture at the site in 2002 was of a Willow Flycatcher banded at location 1 in 1995 as an After-Hatch Year. This indicates that it had attained at least eight years and two months of age, which ranks it as the oldest longevity record for this species in the world! Twenty-eight volunteers and the Bander-In-Charge contributed 279 person-days to the fall 2002 migration monitoring program. Casualties were composed of 5 mortalities during the handling of approximately 2000 birds (<0.25%), as well as 17 injuries, the majority being wing strain. 2

5 MIGRATION MONITORING AT VASEUX LAKE BIRD OBSERVATORY Study Site Effectiveness and Comparison Vaseux Lake Vaseux Lake Bird Observatory is strategically located along a protected riparian strip of vegetation in the Vaseux-Bighorn Wildlife Area (792 hectares, of which about 13 hectares is the study site), which is in turn situated approximately 4 kilometers south of the settlement of Okanagan Falls. The habitat includes mainly willow, birch and alder trees. This area comprises one of the narrowest portions of the Okanagan Valley and therefore is thought to act as a funnel for neo-tropical migrants, concentrating them into the small area where VLBO is located as they move along the valley. This phenomenon has occurred to some degree, but not to the extent expected. The immense habitat diversity and abrupt change in elevation for which the valley is renown may in fact be one of the causes behind the lower-thanexpected captures, especially for species breeding at mid to high elevations. These individuals may find the numerous benches and ridges situated along the valley just as efficient to follow during migration. For example, this has been demonstrated throughout the cumulative fall seasons, where lowland breeders such as the Gray Catbird and Song Sparrow are plentiful during migration at VLBO, whereas only a relatively small sample of Nashville Warblers and Dusky Flycatchers are represented in the nets. A hypothesis is that we may only be capturing a very small proportion of species with breeding ranges at midelevation, where only the lower breeders in this range move down to the bottom of the valley during dispersal and migration, while the bulk of these birds utilize fly-ways at greater altitudes than VLBO. Some higher elevation breeders such as the Hammond s Flycatcher appear to be missed completely at VLBO. Venner Meadows This fall we attempted a quick assessment of migration monitoring on the Okanagan Highlands just east of Vaseux Lake. On August 22 nd and 23 rd Andy Bezener, Heather Bryan, Dick Cannings, Tom Ethier and Howie Richardson mistnetted at Venner Meadows. The location was to the north-east of VLBO and at approximately 1450 meters in elevation, along a small creek in a willow and sedge-grass meadow. Using 10 nets, the numbers of birds netted were somewhat greater than those encountered at Vaseux on the same mornings, though not strikingly different. They did, however, capture some species rarely detected at VLBO such as Golden-crowned Kinglet and Brown Creeper. 3

6 Methods Although standardized mist-netting was attempted for the fall 2002 season, it was not fully achieved. This was due to ongoing experimentation with net locations in order to eventually establish a set of nets which are the most efficient at capturing migrants utilizing the study site. Therefore, because of the small but significant location change in 2001 and varying mist-netting efforts between 2001 and 2002, data are not entirely comparable between years. Changes in net locations at the beginning of the 2002 season included discontinuing use of the four nets north of the trailer (nets 11-14) and the addition of nets 16, 17, and 18 located of net 10 (respectively 284, 284, and 305 meters from junction A (see Figure 1). Net 15 also became part of the group of net locations used for the complete season, those being 1-10, 15, and As in 2001, net 15 proved to be a productive net. Net 18 was especially successful, capturing totals of >10 birds on several occasions. As in 2001, a fifteenth net was added during the last quarter of the season. On September 15 this net was placed north of the trailer (72 meters from junction A), in an area where significant numbers of migrants (especially Orange-crowned Warblers) were concentrating. Interestingly, this location varied only slightly with the previously used north nets, situated a few meters to the west of the trail leading toward the dike. This showed to be the most successful net, often capturing over 6 birds on several net checks in a row. All nets used were 12 meters long with 30 millimeter mesh size. Not including net location changes, standard mist-netting was achieved for a constant period of 6 hours beginning a half hour before sunrise each day, with occasional variation in mist-netting effort due to inclement weather. Migration monitoring procedures during fall 2002 were drawn from methods used at the Long Point, Thunder Cape and Rocky Point Bird Observatories. Standard methods to collect data were enforced, including age, sex, wing chord, weight, net, time of capture, moult, fat and skull. Additional data was collected on the primary moult of individuals undergoing a complete primary moult, for a study on the use of riparian habitat as a moulting ground for migrants (Millikin). Extra notes were taken on the plumage characteristics of the Orange-crowned Warblers, which moved through VLBO in significant numbers, in order to possibly aid in future aging and sexing of this species (more specifically the subspecies orestera, which constitutes the bulk of Orange-crowned Warblers captured here). 4

7 Figure 1. Map of Vaseux Lake Bird Observatory. 5

8 Monitoring Schedule and Coverage This season the monitoring began on 27 July and continued until October 2, which included the standard mist-netting operations and a daily census following a pre-established transect line in Although efforts were made to keep all census observers following specific observation guidelines, it is felt that individual variation occurred often. Perhaps a training course for all potential volunteers at VLBO, held at the beginning of the next field season, would help to enforce standard data collection in the future. Census was conducted hours after sunrise for a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 1.5 hours. Only on 1 of the 67 days of monitoring, October 2, did census not occur. At VLBO the order of priority for migration monitoring methods is firstly census, secondly operation of mist-nets, and thirdly incidental observations. In July and August incidental observations were accomplished sufficiently between census and mist-netting activities, due to adequate regular volunteer help. However, in September the average daily coverage code decreased due to lack of sufficient observation opportunities. This in turn was a result of a regular lack of necessary volunteer help, although an observer was always present to volunteer their time for the daily census (except on October 2). New Bandings In all, 1, 538 birds were banded during the fall of of these were netted outside of the standard six-hour period. 36 of the 60 species and forms encountered were neo-tropical migrants, or 63%. Species of monitoring priority occurring in the VLBO area, as determined by Bird Studies Canada for the whole Canadian Migration Monitoring Network, are described in Appendix A. Recaptures The total number of birds recaptured after original banding was 302 individuals, of 22 species. The ratio of recaptured birds which were originally banded this year was about 20%. A total of 40 birds were returning individuals banded in 2001, or 2.9%. As expected recaptures were highest in resident and breeding species such as Black-capped Chickadee, Song Sparrow and Gray Catbird. However, transient species such as the Orange-crowned Warbler and Lincoln s Sparrow were recaptured on numerous occasions. Of significance is that most recaptured transients were documented with full or bulging fat deposits, indicating that they were using the VLBO area for pre-migratory foraging. As mentioned before-hand, a study is underway to determine whether certain migratory species may be also using the site as a moulting ground. This appeared to be probable for the Gray Catbird, of which many individuals captured undergoing their pre-basic molt were suspected to have originated from other populations than the breeding one established at Vaseux Lake. Of note for recaptures this fall was the aforementioned Willow Flycatcher, previously banded on 3 August 1995 and re-caught on 10 August 2002! Since it was originally banded as an After-Hatch Year, it is quite possible for it to have 6

9 survived even longer than eight years and two months (two months being the estimated hatching date of June). A Downy Woodpecker originally banded as a Hatch-Year at the old VLBO location in 1998 was re-caught as an After-Fourth Year in Two foreign recoveries of a Yellow Warbler and a Willow Flycatcher were also documented. These were in fact banded as fledglings earlier in the breeding season at the present VLBO site for a study on cowbird parasitism. Visible Migration Watch During a portion of August and September, a visible migration watch was attempted when sufficient personnel were available to run all priority monitoring tasks such as the census and mist-netting. Time allowing, an observer would be posted to a standard observation point a few meters south of the banding shelter, by the weather vane. This location in the thistle field gives a 360 degree view of the surrounding riparian and wetland habitat at Vaseux Lake. The goal was to achieve general observation of bird activity in the surrounding vegetation from this standard point for fifteen minutes every hour of the monitoring period. The incorporation of such a watch was intended to generate a broader understanding of daily bird movement at VLBO. This method was derived from the Thunder Cape Bird Observatory monitoring protocol. A temporary 8-foot tower will be erected in 2003 to improve visibility for future observations. Estimated Totals This fall a few changes were added to the calculation of the Estimated Totals. In addition to the visible migration watch column, probable and known stopovers (PKS) were also taken into consideration. PKS allows a more accurate deduction of the number of new and previously undetected migrants which occur in the area on any given day. It performs this by canceling out birds which have already been documented earlier in the season but have remained at VLBO for more than a day, such as recaptures (known stopovers). A probable stopover would be an individual which is assumed to have already been detected. For example, a rare species sighted one day and re-sighted the next would in all likely-hood be the same individual since it is known that their occurrence in that region is scarce. A probable stopover can also be a banded bird sighted in the field, of a species which has not been detected otherwise on that day. The continued use of these extra procedures during the generation of estimated totals will ensure a more precise description of bird activity at VLBO, and allow the presentation of more resourceful data for future trend analysis. Personnel The daily presence of volunteers this fall was paramount for the achievement of consistent migration monitoring efforts at VLBO. Collectively, 32 volunteers performed 207 person-days of volunteer work in order to keep the program running in accordance with monitoring standards. Without the enthusiastic and invaluable help that each volunteer contributed to the study this fall, the successfulness of the season would not have been possible. I would like to 7

10 sincerely thank all of those who came out this season to share their time, knowledge, and perspective. I hope all had an opportunity to learn something as worthwhile as I did from each individual I met during my stay at Vaseux Lake. Mortalities and Injuries Despite a goal of zero mortalities this fall, deaths and injuries occurred nonetheless as part of a typical banding operation. A total of 5 mortalities occurred, or less than 0.26% of all birds handled in of the 17 injuries proved to be cases of wing strain. Cedar Waxwings constituted over half of the birds affected with this common condition, all of which were juveniles. It appeared that these individuals had significantly more fragile wing muscles and bones than other species and/or age groups. Since we captured near-record numbers of Cedar Waxwings in 2002, this may explain the excessive amount of wing strains this fall. Northern Saw-whet Owl Monitoring Program During the fall of 2002, efforts were made to monitor the movements of Northern Saw-whet Owls at VLBO. In late September, a square of mist-nets was erected north of the trailer, to the South-West of the transect trail out toward the dike. It was placed under a canopy of willow trees near where the trail exits the forested area. The square was composed of a 12-m net of 30mm mesh size on both the North-East and South-West facing sides, a 10-m net on the South-East side with approximately 40-mm mesh size, and one real 12-m owl net with 61-mm mesh size roughly facing North-West. Bottom panels were set as low as possible, at a height of one foot above the ground and the top panel approximately 6 feet high. A compact disc with continuous five-second segments of Northern Saw-whet Owl song, interspersed regularly with the species contact calls, was played constantly from the center of the owl-square for as long as the nets were open. A small, single 9-volt battery-operated speaker appeared sufficient enough to project the sound, although it was suspected that road noise from highway 97 may have affected its efficiency. The north songbird net was also used during monitoring efforts, but on most nights was set much higher than the owl-square nets, with the bottom panel at a height of about 1 m above the ground and the top one about 4 m high. Nets 1 and 2 were also used on the majority of nights, and were set at this height as well. These varying height criteria were used because it was noticed that birds responding to the recorded sounds would always fly towards the square and into the owl-nets at a low height of roughly 0.5 m above the ground. However, birds moving through the site but not directly responding to the speaker (although possibly attracted to the general area by the sound) appeared to fly into the other nets at about 2 m above ground-level. Owl monitoring was attempted only if personnel desired to do so. Nightly effort also varied, from a minimum of 3 hours up to a maximum of 9 hours of constant tape-calling. The monitoring periods were on the nights of the 27 September and 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 11 October. Efforts to capture owls were successful on five of the seven nights: 27 October and 3, 5 and 11 November. Birds were captured as 8

11 early as 21:40 and as late as 01:30. The owl-square captured 4 owls: 3 in the northwest facing net with proper owl mesh size, and one in the northeast songbird net. Net 1 and the north net both caught single owls. Three of the owls were After-Hatch Year (2 Second-Years and one after After-Second Year), 1 was a Hatch-Year, and two were of unknown age. Sex was not determined on any of the individuals. This year s successful results suggest that extra funding in this area of research would be appropriate (i.e. to provide some proper equipment, such as proper owl nets), in order to further pursue owl monitoring at VLBO. Table 1. Summary of captures at VLBO in SPECIES New Bands Recaps Total Caps SPECIES New Bands Recaps Total Caps Sharp-shinned 6 6 Audubon's Warbler Hawk Cooper's Hawk 1 1 Myrtle Warbler 6 6 Common Snipe 1 1 Yellow-rumped Warbler Rufous Blackpoll Warbler 1 1 Hummingbird Calliope 9 9 American Redstart 2 2 Hummingbird Belted Kingfisher 2 2 Northern Waterthrush Virginia Rail 3 3 MacGillivray's 4 4 Warbler Northern Sawwhet 6 6 Common Owl Yellowthroat Red-naped Sapsucker 2 2 Wilson's Warbler Downy Yellow-breasted 1 1 Woodpecker Chat Red-shafted 4 4 Western Tanager 4 4 Flicker Flicker Intergrade 1 1 Spotted Towhee 1 1 Western Wood- Pewee Black-headed Grosbeak Willow Flycatcher Lazuli Bunting 3 3 Dusky Flycatcher 5 5 Chipping Sparrow 2 2 Eastern Kingbird Clay-colored 2 2 Sparrow Cassin's Vireo 1 1 Savannah Sparrow Warbling Vireo 4 4 Fox Sparrow 1 1 Black-capped Song Sparrow

12 SPECIES New Bands Recaps Total Caps SPECIES New Bands Recaps Total Caps Chickadee Brown Creeper 1 1 Lincoln's Sparrow House Wren 1 1 White-throated 1 1 Sparrow Winter Wren 1 1 Gambel's Whitecrowned Sparrow Marsh Wren Oregon Junco 3 3 Golden-crowned 1 1 Unidentified Junco 1 1 Kinglet Ruby-crowned Golden-crowned Kinglet Sparrow Veery 8 8 Red-winged 5 5 Blackbird Swainson's Thrush Brown-headed 1 1 Cowbird Gray Catbird Pine Siskin 8 8 Cedar Waxwing American Goldfinch European Starling 1 1 Orange-crowned Warbler Nashville Warbler Total # Yellow Warbler Species # Synopsis of the Fall 2002 Migration Monitoring Period Migration monitoring efforts began at the Vaseux Lake Bird Observatory on the 28 th of July, for a total of 6 hours beginning a half-hour before sunrise. This routine was employed for the following 66 days of constant monitoring effort. Below is a rough summary of migration patterns observed at VLBO in fall 2002, intended to give the reader a general sense of what was witnessed during this period. This does not include additional effort made to monitor birds during nonstandard hours. July The first four days of the season began with a fair presence of bird activity for the time of year. However, the relatively high banding total of 41 individuals on the 28 th was probably due to the initial detection of several of the local breeders and their offspring. This was most apparent with the Willow Flycatcher, which experienced its season high of 45 birds on the first day of monitoring. All of the birds recorded as Hatch Years at this time were still at the juvenile stage (all had gapes and were still in the process of growing their remiges). Species composition of captured birds consisted mainly of Willow Flycatcher, Gray Catbird, Common Yellowthroat, Song Sparrow and American Goldfinch. 10

13 The 28 th was marked by the unusual sighting of a Double-crested Cormorant flying south down the Okanagan river-channel. Also seen that day was a Say s Phoebe and a Western Kingbird, which was most likely the same bird which reoccurred on the 30 th. Hummingbirds were captured on occasion moving through the area, with 3 Calliope Hummingbirds and 2 Rufous Hummingbirds recorded from the 28 th to the 1 st of August. On the 29 th the first Orange-crowned Warbler of the season was a recapture from A total of 9 Swainson s Thrushes were ET d from the 28 th to the 31 st. The presence of these two latter species was probably due to post-nuptial dispersal from their breeding grounds at higher elevations, since all the birds captured were After Hatch Years in heavy moult. 2 Nashville Warblers were caught on the 30 th, which were probably undergoing the same movement. On the 31 st, 1 of the 4 Lazuli Buntings recorded during the end of the month was banded. The Double-crested Cormorant was again recorded on this day. On July 31 st, a high ET of 48 species was experienced. However, stronger north-westerly winds on this day was the likely cause of the lowest banding total (21) to date. August Weather patterns during the first week of August were represented by clear skies and low temperatures in the early morning, but heating up rapidly and becoming overcast with increasing north-westerly winds by mid-day. Bird activity during this period was moderate, with a mean capture of about 27 birds per day. On August 1 st the first Western-Wood Pewee was captured, of which 7 were banded in all and an ET of 25 was recorded for the whole week. Other early migrants were present during this period, including Calliope Hummingbird (8 ET), Rufous Hummingbird (2 ET), Swainson s Thrush (4 Banded/21 ET season high of 6 on the 6 th ), Nashville Warbler (3/12), Northern Waterthrush (4/8), Western Tanager (3 ET), Lazuli Bunting(4 ET). A Vaux s Swift observed and a Chipping Sparrow banded on the 1 st were only singles of the few which were detected during the entire season. Also on this day, 100 Black-billed Magpies were observed awakening from a roost in the south-east corner of the monitoring area. This was the beginning of a daily phenomenon which occurred for the remainder of the season. On the 3 rd a Warbling Vireo was observed and the 4 th produced the first Dusky Flycatcher banded for the year. A pair of Great-horned Owls was heard calling from the south-eastern willows early on the 4 th, which would also become a regular occurrence throughout the fall. On this day, personnel experienced an influx in captures, with 42 birds banded. The presence of Cedar Waxwings began to increase on the next day, with a total of 184 birds ET d from the 5 th -7 th. A high ET of 56 species observed occurred on the 5 th, including an increase in Marsh Wrens (3 Banded/6ET), and the sighting of a Western Kingbird on this day and the next. Although a steady trickle of Common Nighthawks was witnessed throughout the week, a total of 30 birds(season high) were seen feeding over the western oxbows on the 6 th. An increase in Yellow Warblers occurred on the 7 th, 11

14 with 25 ET d (season high), as well as the first sighting of a Wilson s Warbler and 3 Red-eyed Vireos. Swallows were well represented on the 7 th, including an ET of 24 Tree(season high), 13 Violet-green, 6 Northern Rough-winged, 1 Bank (high of 5 on the 3 rd ), and 5 Barn Swallows. A minor shorebird movement was noticed throughout the week, with an ET total of 3 Solitary Sandpipers and 6 Greater and 1 Lesser Yellowlegs. The Doublecrested Cormorant was yet again recorded on three of these seven days. The second week of August commenced with a jolt. 50 birds were banded, 29 or almost 60% of which were Cedar Waxwings, which can be attributed to the gradual build-up of this species during previous days. This was the result of net 6 consecutively capturing flocks of about 10 birds each round. The incentive for so many waxwings to fly through that particular area was most likely the ripe elderberries which were present in abundance behind this net. Mainly due to detection by incidental observation rather than by capture, the season high for this species was on the 11 th, with 122 ET but only 2 banded. The Yellow Warbler ET also remained in the high teens for the first two days. However, overall bird abundance gradually decreased, and by the end of the week only 7 birds had been captured all day. This lull in activity was probably due to the persisting mild conditions as in the previous week. Other migrants were present only in small numbers. Orange-crowned and Nashville Warblers were usually present in ones or twos. New species encountered for the season included Savannah Sparrow (8 ET for the entire week), MacGillivray s Warbler (1 Banded/4 ET), Audubon s Warbler(1 ET), Sora and Cassin s Vireo (both observed on the 13 th ). A Clay-colored Sparrow, only the second banded in the history of VLBO was captured on the 9 th. A season high of 55 ET for Barn Swallow was also observed on the 9 th, as well as Western Wood- Pewee (10 ET) and Chipping Sparrow (4) on the 13 th, and American Goldfinch (32) on the 14 th. Hummingbird diversity appeared to inverse itself, with a larger presence of Rufous Hummingbirds (6 ET all week, with a season high of 4 on the 10 th ), but fewer Calliope Hummingbirds (3 ET). Hawk movement was represented by 2 Cooper s Hawks and an American Kestrel (14 th ). Migrating shorebirds appeared in the form of 1 Greater and 3 Lesser Yellowlegs and 1 Solitary Sandpiper. The now regular Double-crested Cormorant was again sighted on the 13 th and 14 th. The third week of August was characterized by the usual weather patterns persisting, but increasing winds in the late morning were significantly stronger and continued into the remainder of the day and night. The most activity during this period was noticed on the 15 th, just prior to when the wind strength increased greatly. Highlights on this day were a Lark Sparrow, Townsend s Solitaire, Say s Phoebe, Vaux s Swift, and Red-eyed Vireo, all sighted in the area. Of the 44 birds banded other migrants included Willow Flycatcher (5 Banded/ 9 ET), Gray 12

15 Catbird (8/30), Yellow Warbler (2/15), Lazuli Bunting (1/1), although the majority of individuals banded were comprised of Cedar Waxwings (21/97). Also present were Marsh Wrens (2/4), Nashville Warblers (0/2), and Northern Waterthrushes (1/2), all of which remained in fairly stable numbers all week. The night of the 15 th -16 th appeared to greatly influence detection of migrants for the next few days, during which a torrential wind storm occurred in the whole southern Okanagan Valley, composed of strength 7 north-westerly winds. Felled trees were evident, of which one had fallen on a mist net! Apparently, this had been one of the worst storms in 30 years, and appeared to have blown nearly all the birds away. The season s lowest banding total of 1 bird (Common Yellowthroat) was experienced on the 16 th. However, 4 banded Nashville Warblers which were observed in the area seemed to indicate that some birds had managed to survive the night. Also present were Orange-crowned Warblers (2 ET), of which numbers remained similar for the next few days. The 17 th hosted the first Red-naped Sapsucker and a good number of Yellow-headed Blackbirds (15), and on the 19 th the largest flock of Red-winged Blackbirds (340) was observed. A miniature sparrow influx was noticed during the last two days of the week, with 3 Chipping Sparrows and 1 Savannah Sparrow on the 20 th, and 3 Savannah Sparrows on the 21 st. The only 2 American Redstarts of the year were banded in this period, one along with the first Warbling Vireo caught on the 20 th, and another with the first Western Tanager captured on the 21 st. Certain non-passerines moving during this time included the first Turkey Vulture on the 20 th, and a single Cooper s Hawk, two Solitary Sandpipers and two Lesser Yellowlegs. During the remainder of the month, captures were noticed to gradually decline to a mean in the mid-teens. Early morning skies varied between overcast and clear, with temperatures mild, but otherwise weather continued to be typical. A Lincoln s Sparrow was first observed on the 22 nd, and more individuals of this species continued to be detected throughout the remainder of the month. Willow Flycatchers were noticed to decrease greatly in abundance during the span of this week, although one last push of them was recorded on the 25 th, with 6 banded (all Hatch Years) and 10 ET d. However, other Empidonax species were witnessed in larger numbers, with three Dusky Flycatchers banded all week and the only Western Flycatcher of the season observed on the 28 th. The first Whitecrowned Sparrow was seen on the 24 th. Certainly one of the main highlights of the whole season was a Blackpoll Warbler captured and banded on the 26 th (only the 3 rd record for the Okanagan Valley). An overall influx in the following species was recorded near the end of the week: Yellow-rumped Warbler, Common Yellowthroat, Song Sparrow, Yellow Warbler, Lincoln s Sparrow, and Orangecrowned Warbler. Of interest was also a noticeable increase in After-Hatch Years being banded (indicating a movement of different populations through VLBO), particularly in Gray Catbird, Yellow Warbler, and Song Sparrow. The 29 th produced the only House Wren banded at VLBO this year. Of a small influx in 13

16 hummingbirds experienced during the terminus of the month, an After Hatch Year female Rufous Hummingbird captured was found to still be showing a fully developed brood patch, which appeared to be a rather late occurrence. Also considered late was the capture of the only Yellow-breasted Chat of the season on the 30 th, as well as one of only a few Spotted Towhees ET d. Of the shorebirds and hawks observed during the week, was the one and only Least Sandpiper, and a Merlin which remained in the area for several consecutive days. A small augmentation in Sharp-shinned Hawk numbers was apparent near the end of the week, with the first of a record 5 banded throughout the remainder of the fall captured on the 27 th. The 31 st marked the first capture of a Wilson s Warbler for the year, and only the second ET d. September The first week of September was definitely the quietest period for bird activity, with banding totals remaining in the single digits on most days, and species totals averaging in the low forties. Cloud cover and mild temperatures persisted throughout the week. Hummingbirds, Eastern Kingbird (last recorded on the 3 rd ), Willow Flycatcher (6 th ), Veery (2 nd ), Swainson s Thrush (6 th ), Gray Catbird, Cedar Waxwing, Yellow Warbler, Nashville Warbler, and Black-headed Grosbeak (2 nd ) were all noticed to decrease greatly in abundance or disappear altogether from VLBO. Swallow numbers were also noticed to be depleting, although a significant flock of 120 Violet-green Swallows was witnessed on the 7 th. Steady increases were apparent in the following species: Orange-crowned Warbler, Yellow-rumped Warbler, Lincoln s Sparrow, and White-crowned Sparrow (near end of week). Steady movements were made by Vaux s Swift, Marsh Wren, Wilson s Warbler, Common Yellowthroat, Song Sparrow and Brewer s Blackbird (large flocks in early morning ranging from ). On the 1 st the first Red-naped Sapsucker was banded for fall 2002, and an American Redstart was sighted. This day also marked the sighting of a large flock of 150 White-throated Swifts flying high overhead, which was also recorded on the following couple of days. A Townsend s Warbler on the 5 th was an unusual record, as well as the banding of a second Clay-colored Sparrow on the 6 th. American Pipits made their first appearance on the 6 th. Sharp-shinned Hawks were recorded on two days. Bird activity picked up during the second week of September, although apparently not due to a change in observable weather patterns, which remained constant with the previous week s. Orange-crowned Warbler, Yellow-rumped Warbler, Savannah Sparrow Lincoln s Sparrow, Gambel s White-crowned Sparrow and Song Sparrow all continued to move through in increasingly larger numbers. Marsh Wrens, American Pipits, Common Yellowthroats, Wilson s Warblers and Savannah Sparrows passed through at a steady rate. Although Gray Catbird and Yellow Warbler abundance lowered, it too remained at a constant level throughout the week. Black-billed Magpie numbers decreased to below thirty on most days, and the last Western Tanager was observed on the 10 th. A single Northern Waterthrush was recorded lingering in the VLBO area for 14

17 several days throughout the week. The last White-throated Swifts were observed on the 8 th (20 individuals) and the 15 th (15). The first Horned Larks appeared on the 9 th, and continued to be seen on later days in flocks of birds.on the 10th the exciting capture of a Belted Kingfisher occurred (first one for location 2), as well as another on the 12 th. Red-naped Sapsuckers were observed on a couple of days, and the last American Redstart was sighted on the 13 th along with the first flock of Sandhill Cranes (18) which roosted on a sandbar at the northwestern edge of Vaseux Lake. On the 14 th the only Fox Sparrow of the year was captured. A few migrating Merlins were viewed flying high and south on a couple of days, as well as two Cooper s Hawks, a few Sharp-shinned Hawks and a Turkey Vulture. On the third week of the month a small amount of precipitation and occasional high winds were experienced, which caused the closure of nets on a few days. The morning temperature dropped drastically near the end of the week to below five degrees Celsius. This was certainly the most active period for migrants moving through VLBO, and greatly changed the whole outlook on the fall 2002 field-season (from a mediocre year to the second highest banding total achieved at the station). Gray Catbirds and Yellow Warblers were in obvious decline and on their way out. American Pipits, Marsh Wrens, Wilson s Warblers, Savannah Sparrows and Lincoln s Sparrows were present in ever-constant proportions. The migration team noticed an influx in Yellow-rumped Warblers near the end of the week. The first day was average, although it marked the first appearance of Ruby-crowned Kinglet. This species continued to move through in gradually larger numbers. Banded on this day also was a Golden-crowned Sparrow, a rare bird which remained at the site for almost two weeks. 29 Sandhill Cranes were observed as well. Another Red-naped Sapsucker was captured, and a couple more were seen on later days. Although a flock of 35 Cedar Waxwings was documented on this date, this species was absent for most of the remaining monitoring period. On the 17 th a large influx of migrants was detected, including Dusky Flycatcher (1 Banded/ 1ET; late record), Warbling Vireo (0/3), Red-eyed Vireo (0/1), Gray Catbird (2/7) Orange-crowned Warbler (37/ET62; season high), Yellow-rumped Warbler (0/14), MacGillivray s Warbler (0/1), Wilson s Warbler (1/5; high), Savannah Sparrow (2/4), Lincoln s Sparrow (10/17; high), Gambel s Whitecrowned Sparrow (3/20; high). Interestingly, no apparent change in weather around this day (clear nights and days) influenced this change in bird activity. The following day on the 18 th was still quite busy, with an ET of 50 Orangecrowned Warblers, 12 Ruby-crowned Kinglets, 3 Wilson s Warblers, and singles of Warbling Vireo and MacGillivray s Warbler (last for the season). For the remainder of the week Orange-crowned Warbler numbers remained close to 30 ET d a day. A Cassin s Vireo was observed on the 19 th, along with a pair of Horned Larks. Another two and the last of this latter species flew over on the 15

18 22 nd. The first Golden-crowned Kinglet banded at VLBO was caught on the 20 th, along with 3 late American Goldfinches. Also of interest on this date was the recapture of a tardy After Hatch Year Northern Waterthrush, previously banded in The last Barn Swallows graced the air on the 21 st. Among the increased captures of Yellow-rumped Warblers was one of the Myrtle race banded on the 22 nd. A single American Kestrel and Greater Yellowlegs was sighted during the week and a Cooper s Hawk banded on the 17 th was new for location 2. The last week of the month (including the last two days of coverage in October) was mostly cold and windy, with occasional rain. The temperature dropped to below zero during the last few nights. Migrant activity at VLBO decreased, but managed to remain at an average birds banded and 30 species ET d per day. Orange-crowned Warbler abundance was noticed to have lowered significantly, but remained at a mean of about 10 birds recorded per day. Yellowrumped Warblers, Common Yellowthroats and Lincoln s Sparrows were also found to be present in this amount, as well as Marsh Wrens (which proved to be a slight increase for this species). With the noticeable presence of Yellowrumped Warblers came more individuals of the Myrtle form, which were recorded on nearly every day. Ruby-crowned Kinglets pushed through in slightly lower numbers, and single Wilson s Warblers trickled through on the odd day. Gray Catbirds and Cedar Waxwings were by now almost completely absent. White-crowned and Savannah Sparrows dwindled, with only a few individuals present. Uncommon finds on the 23 rd included the capture of a White-throated Sparrow and a late Nashville Warbler. Dark-eyed Juncos were banded for the first time on the 24 th, although only a few more passed through. On the 25 th a Northern Flicker Inter-grade was banded, showing characteristics of both Red-shafted and Yellow-shafted Flickers. The 26 th had some interesting bandings, including VLBO s first netted Brown Creeper and Winter Wren, and the late and final capture of a Gray Catbird. The last of this species was detected on the 28 th. During last two days of September, the tardy Northern Waterthrush was yet again recaptured and still to be heard calling from the oxbow. The familiar Golden-crowned Sparrow also made its last appearance in this period. October A final burst of migration occurred on the 1 st of October, with a total of 36 individuals banded and an ET total of 32 species. This included the first banding of a Cassin s Vireo for the year and a last push made by Ruby-crowned Kinglets (14 Banded/19 ET) and American Pipits (0/12). A Sharp-shinned Hawk was banded on the 30 th and another in closing ceremony of the fall 2002 season on the 2 nd. The grand total for the complete field-season at the Vaseux Lake Bird Observatory came to 1,495 individuals of 59 species and forms banded during the standard period, 302 individuals of 22 species recaptured, and 156 species 16

19 encountered on-site by both netting and observations. This was the result of the migration crew collectively contributing 279 person-days of effort. Fall 2002 Highlights at the Vaseux Lake Bird Observatory Double-crested Cormorant --- a single bird observed on Jul 28 th. Presumably the same individual again on Jul 31 st, Aug 2 nd, 6 th, 7 th, 12 th, and the 14 th. Wilson's Snipe --- a single bird banded on Sep 13 th. Northern Saw-whet Owl bird banded on Sep 27 th, 3 on October 5 th, and 1 on the 11 th ; record high banding total for VLBO. Sharp-shinned Hawk --- individuals banded on Aug 27 th, Sep 3 rd, Sep 11 th, Sep 30 th and Oct 2 nd. Cooper s Hawk --- a single bird banded on Sep 17 th. Virginia Rail --- individuals banded on Aug 3 rd, 18 th and 29 th. Sora --- individuals on Aug 13 th, 19 th, 20 th, 22 nd and Sep 21 st. Belted Kingfisher --- individuals banded on Sep 10 th and Sep 12 th. Red-naped Sapsucker --- individuals banded on Sep 1 st and Sep 16 th. Northern Flicker ---individuals banded on Aug 4 th, 6 th, 31 st, Sep 15 th and 25 th ; record high banding total of 5 birds for VLBO. White-throated Swift birds on Sep 1 st, 150 on Sep 2 nd and 50 on Sep 3 rd. Townsend s Solitaire birds on Aug 15 th and 2 on Sep 13 th. Western Wood-Pewee --- a total of 11 birds banded, record high banding total for VLBO. Dusky Flycatcher --- a late individual banded on Sep 17 th. Say s Phoebe --- a single bird on Aug 15 th. Eastern Kingbird birds captured on Aug 3 rd and 1 on Aug 13 th. Golden-crowned Kinglet --- a single bird banded on Sep 20 th, first banding record for VLBO. 17

20 Ruby-crowned Kinglet --- a total of 58 banded; record high banding total for VLBO. Brown Creeper --- a single bird banded on Sep 26 th ; first banding record for VLBO. Winter Wren --- a single bird banded on Sep 26 th ; first banding record for VLBO. Marsh Wren --- a total of 43 banded; record high banding total for VLBO. Cassin s Vireo --- a single bird banded on Oct 1 st. Red-eyed Vireo birds on Aug 7 th, 2 on Aug 8 th, 1 on Aug 15 th and 1 on Sep 17 th. Gray Catbird --- a late individual on Sep 28 th. Nashville Warbler --- a late individual banded on Sep 23 rd. Myrtle Warbler --- a total of 6 banded; record high banding total for VLBO. Townsend s Warbler --- a single bird on Sep 5 th. Blackpoll Warbler --- a single bird banded on Aug 26 th, first record for VLBO and third for the Okanagan Valley. American Redstart --- individuals banded on Aug 20 th and 21 st. Northern Waterthrush --- a late individual on Sep 30 th. Yellow-breasted Chat --- a single bird captured on Aug 30 th. Western Tanager --- a single bird banded on Aug 21 st, 2 on Aug 22 nd, Lazuli Bunting --- individuals banded on Jul 31 st, Aug 15 th and 27 th. Spotted Towhee --- a single bird banded on Aug 30 th. Clay-coloured Sparrow --- a single bird banded on Aug 11 th and another on Sep 6 th, second and third banding record for VLBO. Lark Sparrow --- a single bird on Aug 15 th. Savannah Sparrow --- a total of 19 banded; record high banding total for VLBO. Fox Sparrow --- a single bird on Sep 14 th. 18

21 White-throated Sparrow --- a single bird banded on Sep 23 rd. Golden-crowned Sparrow --- a single bird banded on Sep 15 th and recorded again on the 17 th, 18 th, 21 st and 29 th. Final Word I would like to express one last word of immense gratitude to Dick Cannings and members of the Okanagan-Similkameen Conservation Alliance, for granting me this extremely beneficial opportunity to greatly expand my prospects and horizons in the ornithological field. My sojourn as Bander-In-Charge of the Vaseux Lake Bird Observatory was by far one of my most positive and educational experiences I have acquired in this field. I would also like to show my appreciation to all those who came out this fall and helped make things happen; without your good humour, generosity, and intense desire to learn and help, this year s successful field-season would not have been possible. Once more, I eagerly look forward to joining VLBO s fall migration monitoring program in 2003 and sharing with you even more wonderful encounters with bird migration next year! Gabriel David Vaseux Lake Bird Observatory Bander-In-Charge Fall 2002 Literature Cited Badzinski, D. S. & C. M. Francis The Canadian Migration Monitoring Network: a preliminary evaluation of species coverage. Unpublished report by Bird Studies Canada. Booth, G. M. & D. M. Collister Annual Technical Report. Calgary Bird Banding Society, Calgary, AB. Dunn, Erica H. & D. J. T. Hussell Using Migration Counts to Monitor Landbird Populations: Review and Evaluation of Current Status. Current Ornithology, Volume 12. Plenum Press, New York. Evans, David L. & R. N. Rosenfield Remigial Molt in Fall Migrant Long- Eared and Northern Saw-whet Owls. Hawk Ridge Nature Reserve, Duluth, Minnesota. Gibson, G.C Migration Monitoring at Rocky Point Bird Observatory in pp., plus appendices. Rocky Point Bird Observatory, Metchosin, B.C. 19

22 Hunter, Todd A Final Banding Report 2001, Vaseux Lake Bird Observatory. Vaseux Lake Bird Observatory, Vaseux Lake, B.C. Mackenzie Nature Observatory Mackenzie Nature Observatory, Progress Report on Migration Monitoring and Other Birding Projects. Mackenzie Nature Observatory, Mackenzie, B.C. Mackenzie Nature Observatory Mackenzie Nature Observatory, Progress Report on Migration Monitoring and Other Birding Projects. Mackenzie Nature Observatory, Mackenzie, B.C. Pyle, Peter Identification Guide to North American Birds. Part 1. Slate Creek Press, Bolinas, California. 20

23 Figure 2. New Bandings of Orange-crowned Warbler During Fall # of Birds Banded Aug 15-Sep 1

24 20/09/02 22/09/02 24/09/02 26/09/ Figure 3. New Bandings of Gray Catbird During Fall /09/02 14/09/02 16/09/02 11/08/02 13/08/02 15/08/02 17/08/02 19/08/02 21/08/02 23/08/02 25/08/02 27/08/02 29/08/02 31/08/02 02/09/02 04/09/02 06/09/02 08/09/02 10/09/02 12/09/02 07/08/02 09/08/02 05/08/02 01/08/02 03/08/02 28/07/02 30/07/02 # of Birds Banded

25 14/09/02 16/09/02 18/09/02 20/09/ Figure 4. New Bandings of Cedar Waxwing During Fall /09/02 07/08/02 09/08/02 11/08/02 13/08/02 15/08/02 17/08/02 19/08/02 21/08/02 23/08/02 25/08/02 27/08/02 29/08/02 31/08/02 02/09/02 04/09/02 06/09/02 08/09/02 10/09/02 05/08/02 01/08/02 03/08/02 28/07/02 30/07/02 # of Birds Banded

26 28/09/02 30/09/02 02/10/ Figure 6. New Bandings of Lincoln's Sparrow During Fall /09/02 29/08/02 31/08/02 02/09/02 04/09/02 06/09/02 08/09/02 10/09/02 12/09/02 14/09/02 16/09/02 18/09/02 20/09/02 22/09/02 24/09/02 27/08/02 25/08/02 23/08/02 # of Birds Banded

27 Figure 7. Cumulative banding total 2001 and

28 Table 2. New Bandings Per Month at the Vaseux Lake Bird Observatory Percent Banded Percent Banded Species JUL AUG SEP OCT Total In Jul-Aug In Sept-Oct American Goldfinch American Redstart Audubon's Warbler Black-capped Chickadee Belted Kingfisher Brown-headed Cowbird Black-headed Grosbeak Blackpoll Warbler Brown Creeper Cassin's Vireo Clay-colored Sparrow Cedar Waxwing Chipping Sparrow Cooper's Hawk Common Snipe Common Yellowthroat Downy Woodpecker Dusky Flycatcher Eastern Kingbird European Starling Flicker Intergrade Fox Sparrow Golden-crowned Kinglet Golden-crowned Sparrow Gray Catbird Gambel's White-crowned Sparrow House Wren Lazuli Bunting Lincoln's Sparrow Marsh Wren MacGillivray's Warbler Myrtle Warbler Nashville Warbler Northern Waterthrush Northern Saw-whet Owl Orange-crowned Warbler Oregon Junco % 1

29 Pine Siskin % 50.0% Ruby-crowned Kinglet % Red-naped Sapsucker % Red-shafted Flicker % 25.0% Red-winged Blackbird % Savannah Sparrow % 84.2% Song Sparrow % 62.9% Spotted Towhee % Sharp-shinned Hawk % 83.3% Swainson's Thrush % Unidentified Dark-eyed % Junco Unknown Yellow-rumped % Warbler Veery % 12.5% Virginia Rail % Warbling Vireo % 40.0% Western Tanager % Western Wood-Pewee % Willow Flycatcher % 2.5% Wilson's Warbler % 94.4% Winter Wren % White-throated Sparrow % Yellow-breasted Chat % Yellow Warbler % 19.7% Total Species Banded Per Month Total Individuals Banded % 49.7% 2

30 Table 3. Comparison of New Bandings At The Vaseux Lake Bird Observatory In Fall 2001 and Total New Bandings Start 30-Jul 27-Jul Total Species Finish 01-Oct 02-Oct Total Net-hours # Days Bandings/ 100 Net-hours American Goldfinch Nashville Warbler 15 8 American Redstart 3 2 Northern Waterthrush Audubon's Warbler N. Rough-winged Swallow 1 Black-capped Chickadee Northern Saw-whet Owl 6 Belted Kingfisher 2 Orange-crowned Warbler Brown-headed Cowbird 1 1 Oregon Junco 3 3 Black-headed Grosbeak 14 9 Pine Siskin 6 8 Blackpoll Warbler 1 Red-breasted Nuthatch 4 Brown Creeper 1 Ruby-crowned Kinglet Bullock's Oriole 1 Red-eyed Vireo 1 Cassin's Vireo 3 1 Red-naped Sapsucker 3 2 Clay-colored Sparrow 2 Red-shafted Flicker 2 4 Cedar Waxwing Red-winged Blackbird 1 5 Chipping Sparrow 4 2 Savannah Sparrow 4 19 Common Yellowthroat Song Sparrow Cooper's Hawk 1 Spotted Towhee 2 1 Common Snipe 1 Sharp-shinned Hawk 6 Downy Woodpecker 3 2 Swainson's Thrush 19 9 Dusky Flycatcher 4 5 Swamp Sparrow 2 Eastern Kingbird 2 2 Townsend's Solitaire 1 European Starling 4 1 Townsend's Warbler 2 Flicker Intergrade 1 Unid. Dark-eyed Junco 1 Fox Sparrow 1 1 Unk. Yell.-rumped Warbler 9 Golden-crowned Kinglet 1 Veery 9 8 Golden-crowned Sparrow 1 Virginia Rail 4 3 Gray Catbird Warbling Vireo 9 5 Gambel's White-crowned Sparrow Western Kingbird 1 Hammond's Flycatcher 1 Western Tanager 3 4 House Wren 4 1 Western Wood-Pewee 8 11 Lazuli Bunting 9 3 Willow Flycatcher Least Flycatcher 1 Wilson's Warbler Lincoln's Sparrow Winter Wren 1 Marsh Wren White-throated Sparrow 1 MacGillivray's Warbler 10 4 Yellow-breasted Chat 1 Mountain Chickadee 1 Yellow Warbler Myrtle Warbler 6 3

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