REMOTE TRACKING DATA OF ALBATROSSES AND PETRELS IN THE ICCAT AREA

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1 SCRS/2007/034 Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT, 626): ) REMOTE TRACKING DATA OF ALBATROSSES AND PETRELS IN THE ICCAT AREA BirdLife International 1 SUMMARY This document summarises the remote tracking data held by the BirdLife International Global Procellariiform Tracking Database. Examples are given of the types of analysis that can be undertaken using the database and which may be useful in the ICCAT seabird assessment. RÉSUMÉ Le présent document récapitule les données de suivi à distance incluses dans la base de données mondiale de suivi des Procellariiformes de BirdLife International. Il donne des exemples sur les types d analyses susceptibles d être réalisées avec cette base de données, qui pourraient s avérer utiles dans l évaluation des oiseaux de mer de l ICCAT. RESUMEN En este documento se resumen los datos de seguimiento remoto recopilados por la base de datos Global sobre seguimiento de Procellariiform de BirdLife International. Se presentan ejemplos de los tipos de análisis que pueden emprenderse utilizando la base de datos y que resultarían útiles para la evaluación de aves marinas de ICCAT. KEYWORDS Albatross, petrel, seabirds 1. Remote tracking data of albatrosses and petrels in the ICCAT area: data held in the BirdLife International Global Procellariiform Tracking Database Over 90% of existing albatross and petrel remote-tracking data have been submitted to the Global Procellariiform Tracking Database, representing 15 of the 17 southern hemisphere species of albatross, both species of giant-petrel, and white-chinned petrel, westland petrel and short-tailed shearwater. These data include satellite tracking PTT) data, and geolocator GLS) data. The number of tracks held for each species in the database is listed in Table 1. Further details of the data held for species whose distributions are known or expected to overlap with ICCAT longline fishing effort are given in Table 2. The foraging ranges and distributions of albatrosses and petrels vary depending on stage of the breeding season, sex and colony. For each species, overall breeding distribution is calculated by weighting each dataset by the number of individuals at sea for that particular combination of colony/breeding status/breeding stage/sex. Density distributions for each species are standardised to allow addition across species to create multi-species maps. Multi-species maps are calculated with all species weighted equally, to avoid domination of the maps by the few species with large populations. Details of the methods used for data validation and derivation of density distributions are given in BirdLife 2004 and summarised in SCRS/2007/030. Figures 1-3 give examples of the types of analysis that can be obtained from the tracking database, including the calculation of density distributions, assessment of the overlap with longline fishing effort, and, where data are sufficient, analysis of overlap by season, for example by year quarter. The database contains a greater proportion of breeding distribution data compared to non-breeding data nonbreeding data for only 8 species). Many gaps remain in our understanding of distributions during the nonbreeding period, particularly for the distribution of juveniles and the distribution of adults during the non- 1 This paper was produced by BirdLife International on behalf of the Agreement for the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels ACAP). 1776

2 breeding period. Even with breeding distribution data, data are not available for all colonies of all species Table 1), and in some cases sample sizes are small. Ideally, analysis would be based on at least tracks for each breeding stage, and preferably each sex, before results would be considered to approach reliability, though the effect of sample size varies between species BirdLife 2004). Distribution of albatrosses and petrels has also been identified as varying between years, though analysis suggests that while differences do exist, they are not as substantial as other factors, such as breeding stage Weimerskirch et al. 1993; Prince et al. 1998; BirdLife 2004; Phillips et al., 2004). Additional data from the Atlantic region that will soon be added to the database include non-breeding and juvenile wandering albatross from, and non-breeding data from tristan albatross, and breeding and non-breeding distribution data for Atlantic yellow-nosed and sooty albatross from the Tristan da Cunha Islands). Acknowledgements This paper was produced for ACAP by Cleo Small and Frances Taylor of BirdLife International. The paper uses data from the BirdLife International Global Procellariiform Tracking Database. Thanks to the following data owners who gave permission for their data to be used in this paper: PTT Data Contributors: Wandering, Black-browed Albatross and White-chinned Petrel Iles Crozet and Kerguelen): Henri Weimerskirch, Centre d'etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS UPR 1934), France Black-browed, Grey-headed and Wandering Albatross, Southern and Northern Giant-petrel and Whitechinned Petrel ): John Croxall, Richard Phillips, Jacob Gonzalez-Solis & Andy Wood, British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council Black-browed and Grey-headed Albatross Chile): Graham Robertson, Australian Antarctic Division Javier Arata, Universidad Austral de Chile Wandering and Grey-headed Albatross Marion Is): Deon Nel & Peter Ryan, Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa Shy Albatross Tasmania): Nigel Brothers, April Hedd, Rosemary Gales & Aleks Terauds, Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment DPIWE), Tasmania Northern Royal Albatross New Zealand): C.J.R. Robertson, D.G. Nicholls & M.D. Murray. Support from Ian Potter Foundation, WWF Australia, Department of Conservation New Zealand, David and Mike Bell, Isobel Burns, Sandra McGrouther Tristan Albatross Gough): Richard Cuthbert, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, UK; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa Southern Giant-petrel Argentina): Flavio Quintana, Centro Nacional Patagonico, Argentina Black-browed Albatross Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas): Nic Huin, Falklands Conservation GLS Data Contributors: Black-browed Albatross Chile): John Croxall & Janet Silk, British Antarctic Survey Javier Arata, Universidad Austral de Chile Black-browed Albatross Falkland Islands /Islas Malvinas): Nic Huin, Falklands Conservation; John Croxall, British Antarctic Survey 1777

3 Black-browed and Grey-headed Albatross and White-chinned Petrel ): John Croxall, Richard Phillips, Janet Silk & Dirk Briggs, British Antarctic Survey References ACAP. Population size tables. Agreement for the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels. ARATA, J., G. Robertson, J. Valencia, and K. Lawton The Evangelistas Islets, Chile: a new breeding site for black-browed albatrosses. Polar Biology 26: BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL Tracking Ocean Wanderers: the global distribution of albatrosses and petrels. Results from the Global Procellariiform Tracking Workshop, 1-5 September 2003, Gordon s Bay, South Africa. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK: 100 pp. BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL Species factsheets. CUTHBERT, R.J., E.S. Sommer, P.G. Ryan, J. Cooper, and G. Hilton Demography and conservation of the tristan albatross Diomedea [exulans] dabbenena. Biological Conservation 1175): CUTHBERT, R.J. and E.S. Sommer Population size and trends of four globally threatened seabirds at Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Marine Ornithology 32: GALES, R Albatross populations: status and threats. Pp in G. Robertson and R. Gales, eds. Albatross Biology and Conservation. Chipping Norton, Australia: Surrey Beatty & Sons. HUIN, N. and T. Reid. 2005a. Census of the southern giant-petrel population of the Falkland Islands 2004/2005. Falklands Conservation. HUIN, N. and T. Reid. 2005b. Falkland Islands Albatross and Enguin Census Falklands Conservation. LAWTON, K., G. Robertson J. Valencia, B. Wienecke and R. Kirkwood The status of black-browed albatrosses Thalassarche melanophrys at Diego de Almagro Island, Chile. Ibis 145: PATTERSON, D.L., E.J. Woehler, J.P. Croxall, J. Cooper, S. Poncet and W.R. Fraser. in press) Breeding distribution and population status of the northern giant petrel Macronectes halli and southern giant petrel M. giganteus. Marine Ornithology. PHILLIPS, R.A, J.R.D. Silk, B. Phalan, P. Catry, J.P. Croxall Seasonal sexual segregation in two Thalassarche albatross species: competitive exclusion, reproductive role specialization or trophic niche divergence? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 271: PONCET, S., G. Robertson, R.A. Phillips, K. Lawton, B. Phalan, P.N. Trathan and J.P. Croxall Status and distribution of wandering, black-browed and grey-headed albatrosses breeding at. Polar Biology 29: PRINCE, P.A., J.P. Croxall, P.N. Trathan and A.G. Wood The pelagic distribution of albatrosses and their relationships with fisheries. In Robertson, G. & Gales, R. Eds). Albatross Biology and Conservation. Chipping Norton, Australia, Surrey Beatty & Sons, pp QUINTANA, F., G. Punta, S. Copello and P. Yoria Population status and trends of southern giant petrels Macronectes giganteus) breeding in North Patagonia, Argentina. Polar Biology 301): REID, and P. Catry The white-chinned petrel population of the Falkland Islands. Falklands Conservation. ROBERTSON, G., J. Valencia and J. Arata Summary report on the status of black-browed and greyheaded albatrosses breeding in Chile. CCAMLR Report. ROWLANDS, B.W. and G. Hilton Important Bird Areas on Tristan da Cunha, including Gough Island. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK. RYAN, P.G. and C. Dorse. The conservation status of the spectacled petrel Procellaria conspicillata. Unpublished manuscript. RYAN, P.G., J. Cooper and J.P. Glass Population status, breeding biology and conservation of the tristan albatross Diomedea [exulans] dabbenena. Bird Conservation International 11: TAYLOR, G.A Action plan for seabird conservation in New Zealand, Part A: Threatened seabirds. Wellington: Department of Conservation Threatened Species Occasional Publication 16). 1778

4 TERAUDS, A., R. Gales and R. Alderman Trends in numbers and survival of black-browed T. melanophrys) and grey-headed T. chrysostoma) albatrosses breeding on Macquarie Island. Emu 1052): TERAUDS, A., R. Gales, B. Baker and R. Alderman Population and survival trends of wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans) breeding on Macquarie Island. Emu 1063): TICKELL, L Albatrosses. Pica Press, Sussex U.K. TUCK, G.N., P. Polacheck and C.M. Bulman Spatiotemporal trends of longline fishing effort in the southern ocean and implications for seabird bycatch. Biological Conservation 114: WOEHLER, E.J., H.J. Auman and M.J. Riddle Long-term population increase of black-browed albatross Thalassarche melanophrys at Heard Island, 1947/ /2001. Polar Biology. 25: WEIMERSKIRCH, H., M. Salamolard, F. Sarrazin, P. Jouventin Foraging strategy of wandering albatrosses through the breeding season: A study using satellite telemetry. Auk 110:

5 Table 1. Number of tracks held in the BirdLife Global Procellariiform Tracking Database for southern hemisphere Procellariiform species. Adults Juveniles/ Unknown age Species Site Breeding Non-breeding immatures non-breeding Non-breeding total Amsterdam albatross Ile Amsterdam 15 Auckland Islands Antipodean albatross Antipodes Islands Unknown 1 1 Total Chile 165 Falkland Islands Iles Kerguelen 26 Black-browed albatross Macquarie Island Total Solander Islands Buller's albatross Snares Islands Total Campbell albatross Campbell Island 10 Chatham albatross Chatham Islands Chile Campbell Island 5 Grey-headed albatross Macquarie Island 9 Prince Edward Islands Total Macquarie 10 Island Light-mantled albatross 42 Total 52 Chatham Islands Northern Royal Taiaroa Head albatross Total Southern Royal albatross Campbell Island 7 Shy albatross Tasmania Sooty albatross Iles Crozet 26 Tristan albatross Gough Island 128 Iles Crozet Iles Kerguelen 11 Prince Edward Wandering albatross Islands Unknown 5 5 Total Indian Yellow-nosed albatross Ile Amsterdam 34 Northern giant-petrel 18 Argentina 16 Southern giant-petrel 11 Total 27 Westland petrel Punakaiki 20 Iles Crozet 16 White-chinned petrel 23 Total 39 Short-tailed shearwater Australia 4 TOTAL

6 Table 2. Data available in the BirdLife International Global Procellariiform Tracking Database in relation to populations of albatrosses, giant petrels and petrels either breeding within the ICCAT region or expected to be found within the ICCAT region. Abbreviations are as follows: Age A)dult, J)uvenile; Sex M)ale, F)emale; R)esident, M)igratory; Status B)reeding, N)on-breeding; Stage I)ncubation, B)rood, G)uard, P)ost-guard, F)ailed; Quarter 1) Jan-Mar, 2) Apr-Jun, 3) Jul-Sep, 4) Oct-Dec. Colony Albatrosses # of tracks Contributor Age Sex Status Stage Quarter Year A J M F R M B N I B G P F Start End % global population Population references Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross Gough Island 15% Cuthbert & Sommer 2004) Tristan da Cunha Islands 85% Inaccessible Island 3% Rowlands & Hilton 2004) Nightingale Island 15% Rowlands & Hilton 2004) Tristan Island 67% Rowlands & Hilton 2004) ACAP, Gales 1998), Black-browed albatross Terauds et al. 2005), Tickell 2000), Woehler et al. 2002) Chile 20% Isla Diego de Almagro % Lawton et al. 2003) G Robertson, J Islas Diego Ramίrez % Robertson et al. 2003) Arata Islas Ildefonso % Robertson et al. 2003) Islotes Evangelistas 1% Arata et al. 2003) Falkland Islands 199 N Huin % Huin & Reid 2005b) Iles Crozet 0% Gales 1998) Iles Kerguelen 1% Gales 1998) 368 BAS % Poncet et al. 2006) Grey-headed albatross Gales 1998), Terauds et al. 2005) Chile 18% Islas Diego Ramίrez 67 G Robertson, J % Robertson et al. 2003) Islas Ildefonso 1 Arata % Robertson et al. 2003) Iles Crozet 7% Gales 1998) Iles Kerguelen 9% Gales 1998) Prince Edward Islands 6 D Nel % ACAP 303 BAS % Poncet et al. 2006) 1781

7 Colony # of tracks Contributor Age Sex Status Stage Quarter Year A J M F R M B N I B G P F Start End % global population Population references Indian yellow-nosed albatross Gales 1998) Iles Crozet 13% Gales 1998) Iles Kerguelen 0% Gales 1998) Prince Edward Islands 14% ACAP Light-mantled albatross ACAP, Gales 1998) Iles Crozet 12% Gales 1998) Iles Kerguelen 20% Gales 1998) Prince Edward Islands 3% ACAP 42 BAS % ACAP Northern royal albatross New Zealand 100% Chatham Islands 6 C Robertson, D % Gales 1998) Taiaroa Head 3 Nicholls % ACAP Sooty albatross Gales 1998) Gough Island 41% Cuthbert & Sommer 2004) Iles Crozet 18% Gales 1998) Iles Kerguelen 0% Gales 1998) Prince Edward Islands 14% ACAP Tristan da Cunha Islands 24% Inaccessible Island 2% Rowlands & Hilton 2004) Nightingale Island 2% Rowlands & Hilton 2004) Tristan Island 20% Rowlands & Hilton 2004) Tristan albatross Gough Island 128 R Cuthbert % Cuthbert et al. 2004) Tristan da Cunha Islands 0% Ryan et al. 2001) Wandering albatross Terauds et al. 2006) H Iles Crozet % Gales 1998) Weimerskirch Iles Kerguelen 14% Prince Edward Islands 22 D Nel % ACAP 1782

8 Colony # of tracks Contributor Age Sex Status Stage Quarter Year A J M F R M B N I B G P F Start End % global population Population references 211 BAS % Poncet et al. 2006) Unknown provenance 3 D Nicholls Giant petrels Northern giant petrel ACAP Iles Crozet 10% Patterson et al. in press) Iles Kerguelen 13% Patterson et al. in press) Prince Edward Islands 4% ACAP 18 BAS % Patterson et al. in press) Southern giant petrel ACAP Antartica 25% Antarctic Continent 1% Patterson et al. in press) Peninsula & South Shetland Islands 14% Patterson et al. in press) South Orkney Islands 7% Patterson et al. in press) South Sandwich Islands 3% Patterson et al. in press) Argentina 5% Isla Arce 7 F Quintana % Quintana et al. 2006) Isla de los Estados 0% Patterson et al. in press) Isla Gran Robredo 12 F Quintana % Quintana et al. 2006) Isla Observatorio 7 F Quintana % Patterson et al. in press) Chile 1% Isla Noir 0% Patterson et al. in press) Islas Diego Ramίrez 0% Patterson et al. in press) Falkland Islands 42% Huin & Reid 2005a) Gough Island 0% Cuthbert & Sommer 2004) Iles Crozet 2% Patterson et al. in press) Iles Kerguelen 0% Patterson et al. in press) Prince Edward Islands 4% ACAP 11 BAS % Patterson et al. in press) 1783

9 Petrels Spectacled petrel Tristan da Cunha Islands 100% Inaccessible Island 100% Ryan & Dorse unpubl) White-chinned petrel BirdLife International 2006) Falkland Islands 0% Reid & Catry 2006) Iles Crozet 16 H Weimerskirch % Gales 1998) Iles Kerguelen 4% Gales 1998) Prince Edward Islands 23 BAS % ACAP 1784

10 ICCAT Colonies % global popn tracked 0-5% Argentina no tracking data 0-5% Gough Island Isla Gran Robredo Isla Arce Isla Noir Islas Diego Ramirez Isla Observatorio Falkland Islands Islas Malvinas) Antarctic Peninsula & South Shetland Islands South Orkney Islands South Sandwich Islands Figure 1. Utilisation distributions for breeding southern giant-petrels tracked from and two Argentinean islands and their overlap with ICCAT. 1785

11 ICCAT ICCAT Colonies % global popn tracked 0-5% ICCAT Colonies % global popn tracked _ 0-5% ^ _ ^ _ ^!^ _!^ _ no tracking data _ 0-5%!^ no tracking data 0-5% no tracking data 0-5% no tracking data 0-5% % global popn tracked 0-5% ICCAT Colonies % global popn tracked 0-5% Colonies _ ^ Figure 2. Utilisation distributions for wandering albatrosses tracked from during each quarter top left: Jan-Mar, top right: Apr-Jun, bottom left: Jul-Sep, bottom right: Oct-Dec) and their overlap with ICCAT. 1786

12 0 E ICCAT Colonies % global popn tracked 0-5% 10 S 10 S 1 20 S 0-5% 20 S no tracking data Gough 10 E Fishing Effort minimum # hooks 10, ,000 1,000,000 4,000, E Tristan da Cunha Islands Gough Island 0 E 10 E 20 E Figure 3. Utilisation distributions for breeding Tristan albatrosses tracked from Gough Island and their overlap with fishing effort in the south Atlantic from , taken from Tuck et al. 2003)) and ICCAT. 1787

APPENDIX: Maps of albatross and petrel distribution in the WCPFC area

Distribution of Albatross and petrels in the Convention Area and overlap with longline fishing effort BirdLife International APPENDIX: Maps of albatross and petrel distribution in the area Figures A1.