THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS Aboard M/V EVOLUTION JULY 6-15, 2018

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1 THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS Aboard M/V EVOLUTION JULY 6-15, 2018 TANDAYAPA PRE-TRIP JULY 3-6, 2018 MACHU PICCHU EXTENSION BIRDS, RUINS AND HISTORY JULY 14-21, Waved Albatross Michael O Brien A trip to the Galapagos Islands is like no other, for it involves total immersion into all aspects of the natural history of one of the world s elite destinations. It is one of the unique places on Earth where the wildlife is abundant, approachable, and utterly unafraid of humans.

2 Galapagos Islands Cruise, Page 2 The Galapagos Giant-Tortoise is the classic symbol of the islands, but the seabird colonies, Marine Iguanas, sea lions, and fish are equally captivating. Thousands of people from all over the world visit the Galapagos annually to experience the wildlife spectacles, to walk in the footsteps of Darwin, and to enjoy this remarkable form of tropical paradise. The best way, the only way, to really see the Galapagos is by ship, and Victor Emanuel Nature Tours is proud to offer a wonderful opportunity to cruise these islands aboard the 32-passenger M/V Evolution, a handsome vessel ideally suited for the Galapagos Islands. M/V Evolution at Kicker Rock Michael O Brien The history of the Galapagos is rich. Since their discovery in 1537, they have witnessed the ages of piracy and privateering, exploration and whaling, the arrival of Darwin, and all the scientists and collectors who came after. Through it all, the islands have endured a steady procession of those who would take from their bountiful supply of natural resources. It wasn t until 1934, however, that the government of Ecuador set the islands aside as a wildlife sanctuary. In 1959, the uninhabited areas were declared a national park in order to better preserve the unique flora and fauna. In 1962, the Charles Darwin Research Station on Santa Cruz began operation, and, in 1986, the government of Ecuador created the Galapagos Marine Resources Reserve. The Galapagos National Park now includes the 50,000 square kilometers of surrounding ocean that supports the entire ecosystem, and preserves over 90 percent of the land area as well as the marine resources. The government monitors the number of tourists permitted to visit the Galapagos, and the National Park Service has set strict behavioral guidelines for all visitors. All tourists to the islands must be accompanied by well-trained and licensed Galapagos guides. These guides are not only excellent naturalists; they also have a mandate to enforce behavioral guidelines, so that this special place will remain an outstanding natural laboratory and a superb destination for the visitor. There are over 50 official tourist-landing sites, all of them areas of significant interest for natural historians, where visitors can observe and photograph the wildlife at close range. Swimming and snorkeling at select spots are an essential element to this trip and add an underwater perspective on the rich life of the islands. You may find yourself nose-to-nose with a sea turtle or trying to keep pace with a sea lion! The assortment of tropical fishes will prove that what is seen below water is as fascinating as what is encountered on land.

3 Galapagos Islands Cruise, Page 3 Like many oceanic islands, the Galapagos are volcanic in origin and, in fact, some islands are still young and active. Each island is different and has its own unique mix of wildlife and scenery. Climatically, most of the land at lower elevations is arid, seemingly barren and hostile but surprisingly rich in life. The surrounding marine environment provides the key to this contrast, for it supports most of the ecosystem. Several oceanic currents converge in the Galapagos, supporting an abundance of food resources and great diversity in marine fauna, including over 300 species of fish. Seabirds, sea lions, Marine Iguanas, and Sally Lightfoot Crabs may utilize the islands as breeding sites, but it is the abundance of food in the ocean that makes this possible. Of the diversity of seabirds that occur here, six are endemic breeders, including the world s northernmost penguin, the only equatorial albatross, the strange Flightless Cormorant, and the Lava Gull, one of the world s rarest gulls. The comical and tame Bluefooted Booby is one of the most abundant birds here, Galapagos Penguin Michael O Brien nesting on many of the islands and fishing the shallow inshore waters. The Nazca and Red-footed boobies, on the other hand, are more restricted in their choice of nesting areas, and fish the deeper waters farther offshore. Elegant Red-billed Tropicbirds are a frequent sight, and cruising between the islands yields pelagic species like Galapagos Shearwater, Galapagos Petrel, Elliot s and Wedge-rumped stormpetrels, and Great and Magnificent frigatebirds. Outstanding among the land birds, of course, are the famous Darwin s finches. Other endemic land birds include the Galapagos Dove (surprisingly beautiful and distinctive), Galapagos Hawk, Galapagos Flycatcher, Galapagos Martin, and the Galapagos mockingbirds. Because the islands are so distant from the mainland, colonization of landform has been limited. There are 30 species of resident land birds, four native land mammals (two rats and two bats), and 22 species of reptiles. But in isolation and in response to the harsh climatic conditions, a high degree of endemism has evolved, and few of these forms now bear much resemblance to their closest relatives on the mainland. The plants, too, show a high degree of endemism. Among the many unique forms, the abundance and variety of cacti stand out, forming forests on some islands. Large Ground-Finch Michael O Brien Aside from the legendary natural history of the islands, participants will enjoy a true tropical paradise. Awaiting the visitor are glorious sunrises and spectacular sunsets, strolls on white and black sand beaches, fascinating snorkeling, and moonlit nights under the stately Southern Cross.

4 Galapagos Islands Cruise, Page 4 Any voyage to the Galapagos is remarkable and exhilarating, and though your time among the natural wonders may seem all too brief, your memories and photos will last a lifetime. Marine Iguanas & Sally Lightfoot Crabs Michael O Brien An optional three-day pre-trip visits the Andean cloud forests in and around the Tandayapa and Mindo valleys outside Quito. Participants will experience beautiful mountain scenery and visit various local gardens and private reserves to witness the world s greatest hummingbird shows. Those interested in extending their trip are encouraged to join our extension to Machu Picchu, Peru. This tour visits the incomparable ancient capital of the Inca in addition to seeking many of the special birds of the Peruvian Andes in the regions of Cuzco and the Urubamba River Valley. July 6, Day 1: Travel to Quito. Participants should plan to arrive Quito (Mariscal Sucre International Airport, airport code UIO) any time today. After clearing immigration and customs, you will be met at the airport by a representative of our local ground operator and transferred to the hotel where a room has been reserved in your name. As many flights from the United States do not arrive in Quito until the nighttime, dinner will be on your own tonight. A group dinner will be held tonight at the hotel for participants on the Tandayapa Pre-trip. If you are not registered for the pre-trip but arrive Quito early enough to participate in the dinner and wish to do so, you will need to contact our office no later than two weeks before departure. Please note that an extra charge for the dinner applies. NIGHT: Hotel San Jose de Puembo, Quito July 7, Day 2: Flight to Baltra in the Galapagos Islands; board the M/V Evolution. Following breakfast, we will transfer to the international airport in Quito for our group flight to the Galapagos Islands. En route, the flight will stop briefly in the coastal city of Guayaquil before continuing on. We will arrive at Baltra shortly after noon, after which we will board the Evolution and begin our exploration of the Galapagos with an initial trip to nearby Santa Cruz. The Galapagos Islands are as sensational a destination as any in the world. It is an archipelago consisting of 13 major islands and numerous islets and isolated rock towers, all volcanic in origin. While there are obvious similarities between all the islands, there is also a tremendous amount of variety that simply begs for exploration. The wonderfully unique natural history, otherworldly landscapes, and inviting waters provide visitors with numerous and varied activities.

5 Galapagos Islands Cruise, Page 5 We will visit the majority of the major islands and a few of the smaller islets as well. At each stop, versatile Pangas (Zodiac landing craft) will take us ashore, where our expedition leader and naturalist-guides will lead us on walks amidst the natural wonders of the islands, with commentary and interpretation as we go. There will be ample opportunities for photography and unlimited subject matter. NIGHT: Aboard M/V Evolution July 8-14, Days 3-8: Exploring the Galapagos Islands. We will spend seven days exploring the Galapagos Islands and the surrounding marine environment. While our itinerary is subject to final approval by the Galapagos National Park, we plan to stop at all of the islands described below. The park service, however, strictly regulates visitation on the islands in order to protect and preserve the ecosystem. The result may be that we will need to deviate from our schedule at times. Weather conditions may also restrict us from certain locations. A peculiarity of the islands is that most of them have two names, an English name and a Spanish name. This is a product of the rich history of the islands, in which they were alternately explored and named by the Spanish, then the English, and then ultimately claimed by Ecuador. The first name in the list is what we consider the primary name, while names in parentheses are secondary. NIGHTS: Aboard M/V Evolution Isabela Island (Albermarle) - Isabela is easily the largest of the islands and accounts for half the total landmass of the archipelago. The landscape owes its barren appearance to the five major volcanoes whose eruptions created the island. Like Fernandina, it is one of the youngest islands. Galapagos Shearwaters Michael O Brien Bartolomè - Located off Santiago Island, this is one of the most recently created islands and represents a very fragile ecosystem still being formed. The Galapagos is among the most active volcanic sites in the world, and there is no better place for a lesson in geology than here, with the evidence all around us. A hike to the summit of Pinnacle Rock, the island s central volcano, offers fine views of spatter cones, eroded tuff cones, old lava flows, orange sand beaches and mangrove swamps. The walk up Pinnacle Rock is leisurely and takes us along a well-built boardwalk and up several flights of stairs. The scenery from atop is breathtaking and is among the finest in all the Galapagos. To the southeast, the Daphne Islands are visible in the distance. The Daphnes are the site where Peter and Rosemary Grant did their landmark research on Darwin s finches, later written about in the prize-winning book, The Beak of the Finch, by Jonathan Weiner. We try to time this activity for the morning or late afternoon, when the sun illuminates the sky over the vast Pacific Ocean in a blaze of orange, yellow, and pink. Far below, our ship rests at anchor amid the serene waters of Sullivan Bay.

6 Galapagos Islands Cruise, Page 6 We ll cruise down the Bolivar Channel, the body of water separating Fernandina from Isabela. The trip is both glorious and relaxing. The rugged, volcanic landscapes of the islands merge with the calm, protected waters of the channel, which may harbor big flocks of feeding birds, including Brown Pelican; Blue-footed and Nazca boobies; Magnificent Frigatebird; scores of Galapagos Shearwaters; Elliot s, Wedge-rumped, and, perhaps, a few Band-rumped storm-petrels; and Brown Noddies. We will keep a sharp eye out for the endemic Galapagos Petrel which breeds high up on the sides of the volcanoes but uses the surrounding waters for feeding grounds. This is also the best area on the cruise route for finding whales. Bryde s (pronounced brew-da s ) is most likely, but other species are possible as well. Along the rocky shores of Isabella, we will have excellent opportunities for viewing the Galapagos Penguin. The northernmost of the world s penguins, their existence here on the equator is possible because of the cooling effect of the Humboldt Current. Their numbers are probably no higher than 5,000 pairs in all the islands, thereby making them vulnerable. Flightless Cormorants may be seen here as well. Flightless Cormorant Michael O Brien Depending on our itinerary, we plan to go ashore in two places. At Urvina Bay we ll walk an uplifted section of sea floor at the base of the Alcedo Volcano where a circular path through the coastal forest may reveal Land Iguanas and Dark-billed Cuckoo. On this walk we will likely see a good diversity of Darwin s finches, including the abundant Small and Medium ground-finches, but we ll also watch for the less numerous Large Ground-Finch and Vegetarian Finch. A visit to Tagus Cove will see us in a lovely secluded bay situated between the shoulders of two volcanic craters. The faces of the surrounding cliffs are marked with the names of pirates and whalers who cruised these waters in the distant past. After an exploration of the cove, hopefully including views of the very scarce Galapagos Martin, we may have an opportunity to walk inland, hiking uphill through Palo Santo forest to an inspiring viewpoint. From atop a hill we have wonderful views of the sheltered bay far below, also known as Lake Darwin. Following our morning outing, we may have an opportunity to snorkel among the offshore rocks, where multitudes of Blue-footed Boobies gather between feeding forays. This part of Fernandina may present some of the best opportunities of the trip for viewing these birds. Fernandina Island (Narborough) - Westernmost of the Galapagos Islands, Fernandina is the youngest of the lot. It is a harsh land characterized by hardened lava flows, spatter cones, and barren landscapes. Volcán La Cumbre is the single active volcano on the island and rises more than 5,000 feet. We will land at Punta Espinoza and spend several hours exploring the natural communities of the shoreline and nearby mangrove wetland. The Marine Iguanas found here are among the largest in the Galapagos and certainly among the most numerous. We will have no problems finding these curious beasts, as they appear everywhere lounging in the sun, emerging from the mangroves, and even scrambling over each other s backs. Galapagos Dove Michael O Brien Galapagos Lava Lizards occur commonly

7 Galapagos Islands Cruise, Page 7 and offer an interesting contrast to the ubiquitous iguanas. Here, too, are Flightless Cormorants, another of the great symbols of the Galapagos. We may see them at their nest sites, or perched on the rocks surrounding the tidal pools, drying out their stubby wings. These remarkable birds are the only flightless members of this group, and elicited both awe and consternation from early explorers, scientists, and mariners, many of whom felt the bird was a living relic from prehistory. Lava Herons patrol the edges of the tidal pools while Striated Herons prefer the sanctuary of the mangroves. Galapagos Flycatchers and Galapagos Mockingbirds are common here, and even the Galapagos Martin is seen at times. Santiago (San Salvador, James) Situated in the north part of the Central Galapagos, Santiago is formed from two overlapping volcanoes. Our visit will include an opportunity to snorkel in one of the island s pristine bays and walk on old lava flows amid scrubby uplands. Depending on our route we may visit James Bay on the west side of Santiago, and/or Sullivan Bay on Santiago s east side. Both locations present opportunities to observe an abundance of wildlife. James Bay on the west side of the island, offers an action-packed destination for wildlife viewing and snorkeling. The feature activity is a walk along one of the best tidal zones in the Galapagos. Here, amid the wave-washed shore, shimmering tidal pools, and algae-covered boulders, a profusion of life flourishes. Brightorange Sally Lightfoot Crabs of all sizes scurry here and there in search of food. Marine Iguanas will be abundant here. Mostly they will be lounging on the rocks above the waterline, but with patience we will see them swimming through the surf or moving from one set of rocks to another. It is this peculiar adaptation that defied the belief of early explorers, who were dumbfounded by the sight of seemingly prehistoric lizards in the water. This tidal zone is also an excellent place for viewing shorebirds. Whimbrel, Sanderling, Ruddy Turnstone, Willet, and Wandering Tattler are all found here, as well as the striking American Oystercatcher (endemic race). Cryptic Lava Herons stalk the tide pools, always on watch for an easy meal. Galapagos Sea Lions are common and are seen in numbers hauled out on the rocks. Lava Heron Michael O Brien The walk to the tidal zone will take us at first along the shoreline, where waves have cut deep grottos in the lava bed, and then up through an area of scrubby uplands, where the birding can be quite good. Small Ground- Finches are common, Large Ground-Finches are uncommon but regular, and the dainty Galapagos Dove will often walk right up to our feet. Galapagos Hawks are regular here, and we should have excellent looks at perched and flying birds. Galapagos Mockingbirds sing from exposed snags, scolding us, much like they must have scolded Darwin some 175 years ago. For added measure, Galapagos Lava Lizards are common amongst the volcanic boulders and dry scrubland around us. Sullivan Bay, on Santiago s east side, offers some of the Galapagos best snorkeling. Here, the protected bay is excellent for studying a wide range of coral and tropical fish. Endangered Galapagos Fur Seals occur in these waters and occasionally approach to within inches, while Pacific Green Sea-Turtles paddle effortlessly by, totally unconcerned by our presence. The fur seals prefer the cool water of the nearby Humboldt Current and tend to be more numerous here than other places. Back on board the ship, Wedge-rumped and Elliot s stormpetrels flutter effortlessly over the calm waters of the bay.

8 Galapagos Islands Cruise, Page 8 Santa Cruz (Indefatigable). Situated toward the middle of the archipelago, Santa Cruz is one of the largest of the islands and home to the headquarters of the Galapagos National Park and the world-famous Charles Darwin Research Station. Highlights of our time on Santa Cruz include a tour of the research station, an excursion into the scenic highlands to visit a Giant Tortoise reserve, and several shore landings on the island s north side. Galapagos Giant Tortoise Michael O Brien Situated in Puerto Ayora on the south coast of the island, the Charles Darwin Research Station is a world-class facility designed primarily to ensure the survival of the Galapagos Giant-Tortoise. The paths, pens, and propagation facilities are all tastefully constructed. As we tour the grounds, our Galapagos guides will have much information to offer about the tortoises and the methods employed for reproduction and conservation. These long-lived and gentle creatures are the largest tortoises in the world, but their numbers were sadly reduced by centuries of relentless hunting and collecting, and now it is believed that only 11 of the 14 races still survive. Research at the station is still ongoing, and great effort is being made to ensure their longterm survival. Meanwhile, the natural setting around the station is most attractive. Huge columnar cacti dominate the immediate precincts and make this area possibly the best in the Galapagos for viewing the Common Cactus Finch. The whole area is loaded with finches and gives us more opportunities for sorting out this confusing group. Large Ground-Finches are found here and offer nice comparisons to the Cactus Finches, while Vegetarian Finches perch quietly, munching on Muyuyu flowers. At the end of our visit we should have some time to explore the nearby environs of the research station and the shops and stores of Puerto Ayora. Departing the research station, we ll ascend to the highlands in the island s interior. After lunch at a restaurant offering lovely views, we will visit a reserve to see wild giant-tortoises. We should have little trouble locating the massive beasts as they feed in the open pastures of the reserve. Depending on the specific site we visit, we may even get to look for the diminutive Galapagos Rail, a rarely seen resident of the moist highlands. At this elevation, mist from clouds sweeping the highlands ( garua ) creates a much wetter environment than at the low-elevation deserts, and tall scalesia trees dominate the botanical community here. In the mature forest here, we may encounter several of the finches of this upper life zone, most notably Green Warbler- Finch, Large Tree-Finch, and Woodpecker Finch, in addition to Dark-billed Cuckoo. American Flamingo Michael O Brien

9 Galapagos Islands Cruise, Page 9 On other days, our itinerary includes shore excursions on the north coast of the island. Representative locations include Whaler Bay, Bachas Bay, and Dragon Hill. At Bachas Bay we ll walk along white sand beaches looking for Sally Lightfoot Crabs and shorebirds such as Black-necked Stilt and Whimbrel. We may also have an opportunity to snorkel here in the company of Pacific Green Sea-Turtles. Named for the area s large Land Iguanas, Dragon Hill is an important nesting site for iguanas reintroduced by the Charles Darwin Research Center. We ll walk to a lagoon where we often find American Flamingos, White-cheeked Pintails, and wintering shorebirds. Española (Hood) - Known for its dramatic scenery and abundant seabirds riding the updrafts along the windswept cliff faces, Española is virtually the only breeding ground for the rare Waved Albatross. We will land at Punta Suarez where we will have all morning for touring this small but critically important island. An established path leads from the boulder-strewn beaches through the drier uplands, promising more exploration and close encounters with nature. Upon landing, the first bird we re likely to see is the Española Mockingbird. From a numbers standpoint, this species is among the rarest of the endemic birds in the archipelago. It is found only here and on one tiny islet nearby. Española Mockingbird Michael O Brien Fortunately, they are conspicuous and easy to see and photograph. Turning our sights inland, we will be in pursuit of the decidedly uncommon Large Cactus- Finch (those on Espanola recently proposed as a distinct species, the Espanola Cactus-Finch). This species and the Gray Warbler-Finch, will likely be the last additions to our finch list when we visit Española. During our search, it is only a matter of time before we come across our first Waved Albatross. These magnificent birds are arguably the signature seabird of the Galapagos Islands. Both big and bold, these marvelously patterned birds never fail to steal the show. Many of them will be at rest near a nest site while others may be engaged in the billclacking sequences that have made their courtship behavior famous. Photographic opportunities abound, and we will have ample time for enjoying them. The wild, windswept cliff tops are indeed a sight to behold. With the rumbling Pacific far below, and the cacophony of bird calls all around, some people consider Española Island the premier Galapagos experience. There is simply so much to see here. Red-billed Tropicbirds arc by at high speed; Waved Albatrosses float by on outstretched wings; and Nazca Boobies dot the tips of eroded rock towers. Blue-footed Boobies are common and easily photographed, as well. Their comical antics are a sight to behold! At some point we are bound to encounter the endemic Española Lava Lizard, perhaps sunning on the rocks or chasing a rival out of its territory. Blue-footed Booby Michael O Brien Española also has the largest race of the Marine Iguana, some of them a rare red morph. Circling back toward the landing area, our excursion will conclude with a walk by several sea lion colonies scattered along the beach.

10 Galapagos Islands Cruise, Page 10 In the afternoon we may disembark at Gardner Bay, on the northeastern coast of the island, for a walk on an immaculate white sand beach to view Galapagos Sea Lions and Española Mockingbirds, and several species of finches. San Cristóbal (Chatham) - San Cristóbal holds one of the largest human populations in the islands and is home to one of two sizeable airports in the Galapagos. This island is one of the oldest, geologically speaking, and has had more time to erode. The resulting soil deposits are thicker here than on other islands and support an abundance of vegetation. An impressive variety of birds are found here including the San Cristóbal Mockingbird, a species found nowhere else. Our time on San Cristóbal is limited as the day of our visit coincides with our return to the mainland. We will, however, have time for an excursion before heading to the airport. Galapagos Sea Lions Michael O Brien Among the possibilities will be a trip to the island Interpretation Center where we may note a number of bird species including Smooth-billed Ani, Dark-billed Cuckoo, and Common Cactus-Finch. The nearby waterfront at Puerto Baquerizo Moreno is often filled with Galapagos Sea Lions hauled up on the beaches, while Blue-footed Boobies, Brown Pelicans, and occasional Lava Gulls loaf on the boats and pilings. Alternatively, we may venture into the forested highlands for a final opportunity to see several of Darwin s finches, such as Large Tree-Finch and Gray Warbler-Finch. July 15, Day 9: Depart the Galapagos Islands; return to Quito. Today we will disembark the ship on San Cristóbal Island. With memories and photos to last a lifetime, we must leave the Galapagos today and fly back to Quito on the mainland. Upon arrival in Quito, we will transfer to Hotel San Jose de Puembo where you will have a room reserved to freshen up. We will convene at a set time for our final group dinner, and those with flights tonight will be transferred back to the airport after dinner. Note: those participants continuing to the Machu Picchu extension will remain at the airport and dinner tonight is on your own. The flight from Quito to Lima is scheduled to depart at 8:00 p.m. NIGHT: Hotel San Jose de Puembo, Quito July 16, Day 10: Departure for home. Passengers are free to depart Quito for the United States for flights prior to 12:00 P.M. today. For passengers with flights departing after this time, arrangements can be made for late check-out along with transfers to the airport to the hotel at an additional charge. NOTE: Although we will attempt to see as many bird species as possible following this itinerary, the emphasis on this trip will be birds AND general natural history. We believe the Galapagos Islands are an extraordinary destination where birds are just one component of the islands unique biological heritage. Due to the nature of the expedition, weather conditions or government regulations may require changes to be made to the itinerary and/or the cancellation of certain shore excursions. Every attempt will be made to adhere to the itinerary described, within the limits of safety and time.

11 TANDAYAPA PRE-TRIP JULY 3-6, 2018 Galapagos Islands Cruise, Page 11 On this optional pre-trip, we ll explore the beautiful cloud forests of Ecuador s northwestern Andes, sampling the magnificent diversity of hummingbirds, tanagers, toucans, trogons and more found only a short distance from Quito. We strongly recommend participation on the pre-trip for protection against flight problems that may delay your arrival, or that of your luggage, in Ecuador. As with any cruise program, a delayed arrival can make catching up to the ship extremely difficult once it has departed. From Quito, Ecuador's capital city, we ll head northwest, drop over a mountain pass and quickly enter a realm of towering tropical hardwoods, cloud-shrouded peaks and ridges, and lush river valleys. Our destination is the region centering on the Tandayapa and Mindo valleys, an area renowned as a premier birding hotspot in Ecuador. As the site of some of the best infrastructure for eco-tourism in the country, it is an ideal "first stop" for natural history observation in Ecuador. This region region has much to offer in the way of birding potential, and we will focus on three general locations, all of which host the types of extravagant hummingbird shows that contribute to the region's fame. Among the expected species is a remarkable collection of hummers, including Violet-tailed Sylph, Brown and Collared incas, Lesser, Brown and Sparkling violetears, Booted Racket-tail, Purple-bibbed Whitetip, and a host of woodstars, brilliants, hermits, and coronets. We ll also drive the old road that connects the town of Mindo to the Tandayapa Valley, making strategic stops with the hope of finding some of the more spectacular species of the deep forest and edge. This area, well off the main highway, is well known for hosting a dazzling assortment of tanagers, of which we will see many, and other regional specialty birds such as Golden-headed and Crested quetzals, Plate-billed Mountain-Toucan, and Toucan Barbet. Lesser Violetear Michael O Brien Any trip to the northwestern slopes is bound to be rewarding, but in this situation, as a short pre-trip to the Galapagos Islands, participants gain experiences unlike any in the Galapagos while receiving a perfect introduction to the joys of birding in Ecuador.

12 Galapagos Islands Cruise, Page 12 July 3, Day 1: Travel to Quito. Participants should plan to arrive Quito, Ecuador (Mariscal Sucre International Airport, airport code UIO) any time today. After clearing immigration and customs, you will be met outside the airport by a representative of our local ground operator and transferred to the Hotel Quito where a room has been reserved in your name. As many flights from the United States do not arrive in Quito until the nighttime, dinner will be on your own tonight. The Hotel Quito is one of the better hotels in the city. Offering large, comfortable rooms, tasty cuisine, and good service, it is a perfect starting point for our tour. The restaurant sits near the top floor and features massive plate glass windows, which provide impressive views of Quito and the high mountains surrounding the city. For those with a little extra time at the hotel, it may be worth checking out the garden, which often harbors several bird species, such as Eared Dove, Great Thrush, Black Flowerpiercer, and Rufous-collared Sparrow; and of particular interest is the Andean specialty, Black-tailed Trainbearer. NIGHT: Hotel Quito, Quito July 4, Day 3: The Mindo Valley and Milpe Bird Sanctuary. Situated at the edge of the mountain forests that cloak the mighty Andes, the Séptimo Paraíso lodge provides a wonderful setting from which to begin the day. We will explore well-developed and avian-rich secondary forest near the lodge where an array of tanagers, toucans, manakins, and flycatchers may be found while the lodge s nectar feeders are continually buzzing with an onslaught of hummingbirds. We will offer a pre-breakfast walk around the grounds and/or near the Lodge, depending on local climate conditions. We ll watch for gorgeous tanagers, toucans, woodcreepers, various furnariidis, flycatchers, becards, an antbird or two, and maybe even a couple of guans. One of the best results of such relaxed and easy birding is that we will likely gain outstanding views of a good number of birds we are looking for. After breakfast, we will head westward for a short ride to Milpe Bird Sanctuary, owned and run by the Mindo Cloudforest Foundation. Here, at a slightly lower elevation, we will be met by another subset of plant and animal species. Hummingbirds will be buzzing and fruit feeders may attract an array of tanagers and euphonias along with a possible motmot, barbet, araçari, thrush, sparrow, or saltator. We will also be on the lookout for mixed-species foraging flocks that abound here. These flocks incorporate species from a variety of neotropical families and we will be watching for trogons, toucans, woodpeckers, spinetails, foliage-gleaners, xenops, woodcreepers and scythebill, tyrannuolets, and flycatchers, becards, manakins, wrens, thrushes, vireos and greenlets, warblers, and perhaps the rare Yellow-collared Chlorophonia. We will head back to Séptimo Paraíso for lunch. Back at the lodge, the nectar feeders will certainly produce an enthralling collection of hummingbirds so many, in fact, that we will be simply overwhelmed by the variety of colors, shapes, and sizes of the 10 or more species likely to be present. Such favorites as Violet-tailed Sylph, Green-crowned Brilliant and Brown Inca represent the larger end of the spectrum, while diminutive woodstars represent the smallest of the hummingbirds we ll see. In between are species bearing such angelic names as coronets, jacobins, violetears, racket-tails, and emeralds. Possibly the most beautiful of them all, the Velvet-purple Coronet, is often seen better here than any other site. At times, the show is mesmerizing, with countless birds zipping through the gardens, clustering around the feeders, and peering out from nearby trees and bushes. In the mid-afternoon we will hop over to a nearby birding garden owned and managed by an endearing local resident; Rolando has created a lovely fruit (plantain) feeding station on his small property located right along the highway spectacular studies of a variety of multicolored tanagers and other tropical wonders awaits us, and with a little luck we should come away with excellent views and photo-ops of Golden-naped, Golden, Flame-faced, Black-capped, White-lined and Lemon-rumped tanagers, Crimson-rumped Toucanet, the breathtaking Toucan Barbet among the many species that visit this all-they-can-eat hotspot.

13 Galapagos Islands Cruise, Page 13 The hummingbirds found here are also a treat and any species we might not have seen well up to this point, will probably show up here. If we decide to stay on until dusk, we may be treated to an obliging visit by a pair of Sickle-winged Guans. NIGHT: Séptimo Paraíso, Mindo July 5, Day 4: Return to Puembo, birding en route along the Paseo del Quinde Ecoroute. Our final day begins with a morning departure from Séptimo Paraíso as we initiate our return to the quaint village of Puembo, located just east of Quito. We will spend the entire morning birding along the famed Paseo del Quinde Ecoroute, making several stops along this little traveled, forest-line road in search of mixed-species foraging flocks and any bird activity we can find. We will also visit Bellavista Cloud Forest Lodge to indulge in yet another hummingbird-fest and time permitting, we may check out a rushing stream at the bottom of the valley with the hope of locating White-capped Dipper and Torrent Tyrannulet, two species tied closely to the forested streams of the Andes. Just northwest of Quito is a monument marking the location of the Equator. We may have time to stop at this interesting landmark and learn the history of the early survey efforts to determine the equator s exact location while, at the same time, establishing the meter as an official tool for accurate measurement. It is fascinating to understand how close the early surveyors came to marking the exact spot, as we know it today, through the use of more primitive instruments and tools. We can expect a mid- to late-afternoon arrival at our hotel. A group dinner and final checklist session at the hotel tonight includes an introduction to our upcoming voyage to the Galapagos Islands. NIGHT: San José de Puembo, Quito July 6, Day 5: Departure for home. Those participants not on the Galapagos cruise are free to depart Quito for the United States for flights prior to 12:00 P.M. today. For passengers with flights departing after this time, arrangements can be made for late check-out along with transfers to the airport to the hotel at an additional charge. MACHU PICCHU EXTENSION: BIRDS, RUINS AND HISTORY JULY 14-21, 2018 On this optional extension, we ll visit the impressive Inca site of Machu Picchu for a chance to wander among some of world s most remarkable stone ruins. We ll also witness a broad swath of the Andes from the colonial city of Cuzco to the high mountain pass at Abra Malaga. Among the many highlights are opportunities to bird the high plateau marshes and hills outside Cuzco, transiting lengthy stretches of the Urubamba River Valley, experiencing a singular train ride to the famous archaeological site, and exploring the subtropical forests below the ruins. Beautiful Andean scenery, Inca history and culture, and marvelous birding are themes of this trip. Outside Cuzco, we ll visit Lago Huacarpay where we expect to see many Andean waterbirds, including Puna Ibis, Yellow-billed Pintail, Speckled Teal, and Many-colored Rush-Tyrant, while the surrounding arid hills contain specialty birds such as the spectacular Bearded Mountaineer, and Black-tailed and Green-tailed trainbearers. An early morning departure for a high mountain pass will take us past snow-capped mountains, enormous glacier-filled valleys, golden panoramas of puna grassland, and Inca ruins.

14 Galapagos Islands Cruise, Page 14 At high elevations we may be able to find three Peruvian endemics: White-tufted Sunbeam, Creamybreasted Spinetail, and Chestnut-breasted Mountain-Finch. Early the following day we will board a train for our Machu Picchu destination, arriving there in time for mid-morning birding. Located on a high ridge, this most famous and spectacular archaeological site is surrounded on three sides by sheer cliffs that fall away to the river far below. We will also bird the subtropical forests in the valley below the ruins, where we may see Torrent Duck, Andean Guan, Plum-crowned Parrot, and a wonderful array of hummingbirds, antshrikes, tyrranulets, warblers, and numerous tanagers. These are but a few of the many experiences to be had on this special Machu Picchu extension. July 14, Day 1: Arrive Lima. Participants arriving from the Galapagos Islands Cruise will fly on Lan Peru Airlines, departing Quito at 8:00 P.M., arriving Lima at 10:20 P.M. 1 Upon arrival and after clearing immigration, collect your bags from the carrousel, pass customs and then proceed outside the baggage claim area and walk (no more than 50 yards) along the sidewalk to the entrance of the Costa del Sol Airport Hotel where a room will be reserved in your name. The Costa del Sol Airport Hotel is located inside the Lima International Airport, and within walking distance (200 yards) of international arrivals. NIGHT: Costa del Sol Airport Hotel, Lima July 15, Day 2: Lima to Cuzco and visit to Laguna Huacarpay; short afternoon drive to Yucay. Our day will start early with a morning flight from Lima to Cuzco. From the hotel to the airport we suggest you use the hotel s second floor overhead walkway, which leads directly into the airport. Once inside the airport, turn right and a short distance beyond take the elevator down to the first floor to access the airlines check-in counters. Upon arrival in Cuzco, proceed to the luggage pick-up area, and once you have your baggage proceed outside where you will be met by our local representative and guide. From there you will transfer to a bus for the minute drive to Laguna Huacarpay. Because you will have just come from sea level, and the Cuzco area is situated at about 11,200 feet, we suggest you relax and take your time. After a couple pleasant hours at this beautiful lake we will make our way by bus down the Urubamba Valley to lower elevation where we ll spend the night. Birds are usually numerous and relatively easy to see at Laguna Huacarpay (elevation of about 10,500 feet) and in the surrounding arid hills. Among the possibilities are White-tufted and Silvery grebes, Puna Ibis, Speckled and Puna teals, Yellow-billed Pintail, Andean Duck, Aplomado Falcon (scarce), Cinereous Harrier (scarce), Plumbeous Rail, Common Moorhen, Andean Coot, Andean Lapwing, Andean Gull, Spot-winged Pigeon (irregular), Bare-faced Ground-Dove, Andean Flicker, Wren-like Rushbird, Spot-billed and Rufous-naped groundtyrants, Andean (White-winged) Negrito, White-browed Chat-Tyrant, Yellow-billed Tit-Tyrant, Chiguanco Thrush, Yellow-winged Blackbird, Band-tailed Seedeater, and Greenish Yellow-Finch. This also is an excellent location in which to look for the spectacular Bearded Mountaineer, a hummingbird endemic to Peru. Black-tailed and Green-tailed trainbearers and Sparkling Violetear are seen here occasionally, as well. Later we will continue down the Urubamba Valley, watching for Puna Hawk, Andean Gull (along river), Andean Swift, and Giant Hummingbird and occasionally Brown-bellied Swallows en route. The drive will take us along the rushing Urubamba River. Our hotel is a charming country inn, and we should arrive in time to relax, rest or do some birding around the hotel grounds at dusk. NIGHT: Sonesta Posadas del Inca Sacred Valley, Yucay July 16, Day 3: Early Morning Departure for the High Abra Malaga Pass in the Vilcanota Mountains. We will depart relatively early today for the approximately one hour drive up into a magnificent side canyon leading to the Abra Malaga Pass. Our route takes a winding but recently paved side road and, if we make it all 1 Please note the cost for this flight is not included in cost of the tour and will be approximately $695, usually less if it is included as part of your international tickets.

15 Galapagos Islands Cruise, Page 15 the way to the top, eventually crosses the mountains at a 14,000 foot high pass. The road is spectacular for its scenery alone, with snow-capped mountains, glacier-filled valleys, golden panoramas of puna grassland, and modern-day descendants of the Incas. We will spend most of the day here, perhaps reaching the pass before turning back. Above about 11,000 feet, we will leave the scrub zone and enter puna grassland. Along this route we should see llama and alpaca tended by Indians who still wear their colorful, traditional dress. Three Peruvian endemics may be found here: White-tufted Sunbeam, Creamy-crested Spinetail, and Chestnut-breasted Mountain-Finch and with any luck we should find all three of them. Additionally, all of the following species have been seen on previous visits here and are possible: Puna Snipe; Andean Ibis; Andean Goose; Andean Condor; Puna (Variable) Hawk; Gray-breasted Seedsnipe; Shining Sunbeam, Great Sapphirewing, Scaled and Tyrian metaltails; Giant Hummingbird; Olivaceous Thornbill; Puna Thistletail; Rufous-fronted, Streak-throated, and Streak-backed canasteros; Cuzco Tapaculo (local); Yellow-billed and Tufted tit-tyrants; Brown-backed, White-browed and Rufous-breasted chat-tyrants; Spot-billed, Rufous-naped, Ochre-naped, Cinereous, and perhaps Puna and White-fronted ground-tyrants; Brown-bellied Swallow; Black-throated Flowerpiercer; Greenish and Bright-rumped yellow-finches; White-winged Diuca-Finch; Peruvian Sierra-Finch; Golden-billed Saltator; Plumbeous Sierra-Finch; and Black-backed Grosbeak. Other less common possibilities include Tawny Tit-Spinetail, and Stripe-headed Antpitta. All birding today will be along the roadside and will not involve strenuous walking, although just moving even short distances at these elevations requires effort. As we walk this road, we should be afforded magnificent views of the mountains. We usually begin our return to the hotel by about mid-afternoon or slightly later, allowing time to stop briefly in the Inca city of Ollantaytambo on our return. Widely regarded as the most typical Inca city in Peru, it is surrounded by ruins and walls that attest to a long occupation by earlier civilizations. The city itself appears as if lifted from an earlier time, being composed mostly of ancient stone walls, open aqueducts to transport water and a population that adheres to mostly traditional dress. Later, returning to our hotel, some participants also may enjoy a final walk around our hotel this evening, enjoying the lovely setting, crisp evening air and birds on the grounds. White-bellied Hummingbird, Greentailed Trainbearer, Blue-and-yellow Tanager, Rusty Flowerpiercer, Black-backed Grosbeak, Chiguanco Thrush, and numerous Rufous-collared Sparrows can usually be seen in trees and shrubs around the hotel while Puna Ibis, Spot-winged Pigeon and American Kestrel may be seen flying up or down the valley. NIGHT: Sonesta Posadas del Inca Sacred Valley, Yucay July 17, Day 4: Yucay to Machu Picchu. Following an early breakfast (5:45 a.m.), we will depart for the Ollantaytambo train station where we may have some time, again, to see this remarkable city, which is one of the most traditional Inca cities remaining in Peru. Once aboard the train, we have about two hours before we reach the Machu Picchu ruins, along a route that follows the bottom of the Urubamba River valley. Torrent Ducks, Whitecapped Dippers, and more tremendous views of Mt. Veronica are part of this fascinating trip. Upon arrival, we will check into our hotel, and then start up the famous Hiram Bingham road (by bus) to the ruins, some 1,500 feet higher. Lunch will be at the cafeteria near the ruins. Little needs to be said of the incomparable beauty of this place, one of the most famous and most spectacular archaeological ruins in the world. Located on a high ridge, the old city is surrounded on three sides by sheer cliffs that fall away to the river far below. Across the river on all sides are huge mountains covered with cloud forests. In the distance, even higher snow-capped mountain ridges can be seen. We may never know the true origins of this remarkable site, but whether ancient fortress, secret city, or elaborate agricultural project, it humbles us as we stand before such a magnificent panorama. After the train departs for the afternoon, we will have the site almost to ourselves and enjoy the opportunity of seeing Machu Picchu in that special late-evening light. Our local guide, Doris Valencia, a Cuzco resident, who is an excellent birder and marvelous student of Inca history, will take us on a guided walking tour of the ruins and previous groups have been unanimous in their praise for her ability to bring Inca history to life, to discuss the many mysteries surrounding the ruins, and to answer questions. During her tour we will also keep an eye skyward occasionally for a few birds around the ruins.

16 Galapagos Islands Cruise, Page 16 However, it is the subtropical forests far below, which we will see tomorrow, rather than the scrub vegetation around the perimeter of the ruins that are most interesting for birds. In the vicinity of the ruins, it is possible to see White-collared and White-tipped swifts; Black-tailed Trainbearer; White-winged Black-Tyrant; White-crested, Sierran, and Highland elaenias; White-winged Black-Tyrant; Blue-and-white Swallow; Cinereous Conebill; Slaty and Black-throated flowerpiercers; Inca Wren (endemic); Blue-capped Tanager; Tricolored Brush-Finch and Black-and-white Seedeater. Andean Condors are occasionally seen above the ruins and, of course, Rufous-collared Sparrows are to be seen almost everywhere. Most groups remain at this magnificent site as long as possible, enjoying the setting and history, and often catch the last bus back down the steep hill to the hotel. We will have dinner this evening at the luxurious Machu Picchu Pueblo Hotel. PLEASE NOTE: We request that you bring a small duffle and/or backpack for the overnight trip to Machu Picchu. There is very little space on the train for large luggage, and you will find it much easier to check in and out of the hotel and train station at Machu Picchu if you have only what you need for the overnight trip. Your larger bag(s) will be sent back to the hotel in Cuzco and will be waiting for you when you arrive. NIGHT: Hotel Machu Picchu Pueblo July 18, Day 5: Full day in Machu Picchu area. This morning we will plan a full morning of birding around the hotel. Because the hotel grounds have many hummingbird feeders and are extensively planted with orchids and other native species, the grounds are perhaps the single best place to spend the morning. Here we have the opportunity to see Torrent Duck; Fasciated Tiger-Heron (rare); Andean Guan; White-throated Quail-Dove; Plum-crowned and Red-billed parrots (irregular in occurrence); Mitred Parakeet (also irregular in occurrence); Green Violetear; Green-and-white and Speckled hummingbirds; Bronzy and Collared incas; Chestnut-breasted Coronet; Long-tailed Sylph; White-bellied Woodstar; Andean and White-tipped swifts; Highland Motmot; Crested and Golden-headed quetzals; Spot-crowned Woodcreeper; Variable Antshrike; Masked Fruiteater; White-winged Black-Tyrant; Dusky-capped Flycatcher; Smoke-colored Pewee; Mottlecheeked and Sclater s tyrannulets; Ochraceous-breasted, Streaked-necked, and Golden-crowned flycatchers; Torrent Tyrannulet; Glossy-black Thrush; Slate-throated and Spectacled redstarts; Dusky-green Oropendola; Capped Conebill; Rusty Flowerpiercer; Thick-billed and Orange-bellied euphonias; Golden-naped, Saffroncrowned, Beryl-spangled, Silver-backed, Bay-headed, and Black-capped tanagers; Blue-winged Mountain- Tanager; Oleaginous Hemispingus; Silver-beaked Tanager; Pale-legged and Russet-crowned warblers; and Chestnut-capped Brush-Finch. There is also a reasonably good chance that we will see an Andean Cock-of-therock perched or flying across the railroad tracks during our walk this morning. This afternoon we may return to the ruins to enjoy the beauty and explore some of the area we may have missed the previous day. NIGHT: Hotel Machu Picchu Pueblo July 19, Day 6: Morning birding around the hotel in the Urubamba Valley; morning train back to Cuzco. This morning we will board the train for the approximately five-hour trip back to Cuzco. If attendance is high at the ruins, we may travel only part way by train and then be transferred to a bus for the remainder of the trip. NIGHT: Libertador Hotel, Cuzco July 20, Day 7: Cuzco to Lima; then home. There will be some time this morning to shop or see the main plaza and other sites in Cuzco before departing for the airport and your afternoon flight to Lima. Upon arrival you will proceed across the street to the Costa del Sol Airport Hotel where a day room will be reserved for you. Depending upon arrival time, the remainder of the day will be available for resting and repacking for your international flight home. Dinner tonight is on your own. Dayroom: Costa del Sol Airport Hotel, Lima

17 Galapagos Islands Cruise, Page 17 July 20-21, Days 7-8: departing flight home. Those departing for home will return to the airport for your late international flight home with check in at least 3 hours prior to the time of departure. Generally flights depart for the USA after 10:30 p.m. on Day 7 arriving in the USA early the following morning. Those wishing to avoid the long overnight flight should consider spending a final night in Lima and taking an international flight the following morning. Arrangements can be made through the VENT office for overnight accommodations in Lima at an additional charge. TOUR LIMITS: For the Galapagos Islands Cruise, VENT has chartered the M/V Evolution which we will limit the number of guests to 29. The Tandayapa Pre-trip and the Machu Picchu extension will be limited to 14 participants each. LEADERS: The Galapagos Islands Cruise will be led by VENT leader Paul Greenfield and a second leader TBA; the Tandayapa pre-trip will be led by Paul Greenfield; the Machu Picchu extension will be led by Doris Valencia. Paul Greenfield grew up near New York City and became interested in birds as a child. He received his B.F.A. from Temple University where he was an art major at the Tyler School of Art. Since 1972, he has lived in Ecuador where his fascination for birds and art has culminated with the completion of 20 years of work illustrating The Birds of Ecuador, which he co-authored with Robert Ridgely. He is also co-author of Birds of Western Ecuador, a Photographic Guide (Princeton University Press). Paul is very involved in saving Ecuador s avian diversity and important habitats through his involvement with various foundations, as well as working with local government and communities to encourage their involvement in the protection of their biodiversity and the promotion of birding tourism in Ecuador. He has been showing visitors the birds of this fascinating country for over two decades and has led many Ecuador bird tours. He and his wife, Martha, live in Quito. Doris Valencia, a naturalist born in Cuzco, Peru, began her study of the Manu wilderness at a young age. She has served as a volunteer park ranger in Manu National Park, and has been working as a naturalist tour guide for about twelve years. She is an avid student of the flora and fauna of Manu and has a special interest in birds. Doris is an excellent birder and leads birding groups throughout Peru including Paracas National Marine Reserve, Bajuaha- Sonene National Park, Tambopata-Candamo National Reserve, Pampas del Heath, Machu Picchu Historical Sanctuary, and Manu Biosphere Reserve. Doris is also an avid student of Peruvian history and of the history of Machu Picchu. Her lectures on the history of Machu Picchu are superb. CRUISE INFORMATION FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS: Prices quoted are per person based on double occupancy. All staterooms are outside cabins with two lower beds or one queen bed; all cabins have private facilities. Cabins will be reserved on a first-come, first-served basis. Single accommodations are limited and available in Cabins D2 and D3 only. After these cabins are reserved, single cabins are available at 1.6X the double rate. You will be charged the single price if you prefer to share but have no roommate and we cannot provide one for you. Cabin A1 $10,095 Cabins A2 & A3 $ 9,895 Cabins C1 C3 & C6 C9 $ 9,495 Cabins C4 C5 $ 9,095 Cabins D1 & D4 $ 8,695 Single Occupancy D2 D3 $10,995

18 Galapagos Islands Cruise, Page 18 M/V Evolution Deck Plan Included in your cruise package: Seven nights aboard the M/V Evolution in the Galapagos Islands Hotel accommodations in Quito on day 1 and day 9 Meals beginning with breakfast on day 2 through dinner on day 9 Use of ship snorkeling equipment, wet suits and kayaks Galapagos National Park entry fee and entry fees to all sites shown in the itinerary All port charges and service taxes Quito land transfers including airport to hotel on day 1; hotel to airport on day 2; airport to hotel on day 9; and hotel to airport on day 10 Land transportation while in the Galapagos Islands Services of the tour leaders and naturalist guides in the Galapagos Domestic airfare Quito-Galapagos-Quito* Gratuities to onboard naturalists, staff and crew of the M/V Evolution Not included in your cruise package: International roundtrip airfare from your home to Quito International or domestic departure taxes Passport expenses Pre and extension tour fees Insurance for baggage loss, accident, or trip cancellation Items of a personal nature including laundry, postage, internet usage, alcoholic beverages Emergency evacuation charges Fuel surcharges Gratuities to VENT leaders *Please Note: Domestic roundtrip airfare Quito-Galapagos-Quito is included in the tour fees. At the time of printing of this information, the approximate cost of these air segments is $695 but is subject to change without notice until the time of ticketing. Victor Emanuel Nature Tours reserves the right to assess a surcharge for this air ticket should costs increase before ticketing.