MACMILLAN. ...enhancing learning & teaching. Presentation. Digital series. Ordering. Contact us DIGITAL LIBRARY

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1 MACMILLAN DIGITAL LIBRARY...enhancing learning & teaching Presentation Digital series Ordering Contact us

2 structure Each disc contains PDF files of all titles in the corresponding Macmillan Library series Michael and Jane Pelusey Bauxite Coal Gold Iron Ore Nickel Oil and Gas Read Me Licence Agreement next Main Menu

3 next viewing/use These digital reference resources can be viewed on single or network computers or an IWB by individuals, small groups or the whole class

navigation 3 Clear, simple navigation Main Menu a CLIMATE CHANGE o n.

Disappearing krill and the Antarctic food chain Today the number of Antarctic krill is only one-fifth of the number 30 years ago. This diagram shows the impact on the Antarctic food chain.

They grow up to 6 centimetres in length, weigh about one gram and can live up to ten years.

They return to deeper water after feeding to avoid being eaten by predators. Fact ZONE in THE ARCTiC In 1981 a swarm of krill tracked by scientists was estimated to weigh 10 million tonnes.

A food chain shows the feeding links between plants and animals in an ecosystem. Global warming is affecting krill numbers, which could have a dramatic effect on the food chain.

Adélie penguin in THE TROPiCS Warmer seas mean less ice, which has reduced the amount of phytoplankton in the ocean. Krill rely on this food source so their numbers have declined.

4 navigation 3 Clear, simple navigation Main Menu a CLIMATE CHANGE o n... cli m te chang e Th impact of e Menu Climate Change in the Antartic pp CLIMATE CHANGE STUART BAKER Click on the menu link to return to the contents Krill and Antarctic food chains Disappearing krill and the Antarctic food chain Today the number of Antarctic krill is only one-fifth of the number 30 years ago. This diagram shows the impact on the Antarctic food chain. Some penguin populations on Antarctic islands have already declined by up to 50 per cent. Background Krill are small shrimp-like animals found by the billion in the cold waters of the Antarctic. They grow up to 6 centimetres in length, weigh about one gram and can live up to ten years. in THE ANTARCTiC They are usually found in deep water but swim to the surface up to three times a day to feed on phytoplankton. They return to deeper water after feeding to avoid being eaten by predators. Fact ZONE in THE ARCTiC In 1981 a swarm of krill tracked by scientists was estimated to weigh 10 million tonnes. This is equivalent to 143 million people weighing an average of 70 kilograms each. in TEMPERATE ZONES Krill forms a vital part of the Antarctic food chain. A food chain shows the feeding links between plants and animals in an ecosystem. Global warming is affecting krill numbers, which could have a dramatic effect on the food chain. Orca (killer whale) As the krill disappear another animal replaces them but none of the fish or birds feed on it. Adélie penguin in THE TROPiCS Warmer seas mean less ice, which has reduced the amount of phytoplankton in the ocean. Krill rely on this food source so their numbers have declined. READ ME Small fish Krill Phytoplankton LiCENCE AGREEMENT Krill are extremely important to the Antarctic food chain. Winter sea ice is a nursery for small krill, which feed on the phytoplankton growing on the underside of the ice. As the ice declines due to global warming so does the number of krill. A change in one part of this Antarctic food chain affects every other part of the chain Click on the menu link to return to the main menu 1 From the contents page, click on any section in the book that you would like to view Climate Change in the Antartic Contents page next From the main menu, click on the title in the series that you would like to view 2

glossary An inbuilt pop-up glossary Students can click on the words in bold to find their meaning dialects forms of a language spoken by

Indigenous Australians. They are Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders.

Evidence shows humans have existed for more than 130 000 years old.

Thousands of years ago, during an ice age, sea levels became lower as more and more seawater froze and became ice.

The Australian continent was joined to islands in the north, including New Guinea, and to Tasmania in the south.

We Are Australia: First Australians pp 10 11 AUSTRALIA NEW GUINEA Scientists believe the first people to come to Australia walked across land

5 glossary An inbuilt pop-up glossary Students can click on the words in bold to find their meaning dialects forms of a language spoken by different groups Menu ice age time in Earth s history when ice sheets covered much of the Earth Australia s first inhabitants are called Indigenous Australians. They are Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders. Scientists disagree about how long people have lived on the Australian continent. Evidence shows humans have existed for more than years old. Some scientists think Indigenous Australians have been in Australia for years, but others think it could be years or more. Thousands of years ago, during an ice age, sea levels became lower as more and more seawater froze and became ice. Land that had been under water was exposed. The Australian continent was joined to islands in the north, including New Guinea, and to Tasmania in the south. Slowly, the ice began to melt and the sea levels rose again. Australia became an island. Around 5000 years ago, it took the shape it is today. We Are Australia: First Australians pp AUSTRALIA NEW GUINEA Scientists believe the first people to come to Australia walked across land bridges that were exposed by the ice age. They migrated from Asia to north-western Australia. These people were Aboriginal Australians. Torres Strait Islanders are people from islands in the Torres Strait, the body of water that lies between Australia and New Guinea. They migrated to these islands when the islands were joined to both New Guinea and the Australian continent. Torres Strait Islanders became seafarers. They moved between islands and travelled long distances in boats. They used the stars to navigate. next pp 7 8

site licence A full site licence is provided with each disc By purchasing a Macmillan Digital Library CD, you receive a one-off site licence to use the CD on

6 site licence A full site licence is provided with each disc By purchasing a Macmillan Digital Library CD, you receive a one-off site licence to use the CD on unlimited computers on one site, or on multiple stand-alone computers for access from one site. Click on the licence link in the main menu to view the agreement next

adobe features The Adobe features enable you to use the digital reference

Text tool Pencil tool Pencil Eraser tool.

7 adobe features The Adobe features enable you to use the digital reference books interactively The Read Me manual shows you how to make research easy using Adobe Reader. Useful Adobe tools include: Sticky Note tool Highlight Text tool Underline Text tool Pencil tool Pencil Eraser tool. The Highlight Text tool is useful for locating important information when skimming back over a page The Sticky Note tool is useful for making additional comments relevant to an issue next

8 digital series Click on the links below to view more information and sample pages from our Macmillan Digital Library series Ancient and Medieval People Animal Attack and Defence Australian Animals (Macmillan Young Library) Australia s Top Mineral Resources The A Z of Scientific Discoveries Climate Change Energy Choices (Macmillan Young Library) First Peoples Forensic Investigations India: land, life and culture Global Issues Reconciliation in Australia Recycling (Macmillan Young Library) Significant People in Australia s History (Free disc with books) We Are Australian Weather and Climate back next

ordering To order, visit our website www.macmillanlibrary.com.

9 ordering To order, visit our website to purchase online or contact your Macmillan State Office back next phone: fax:

barbarino@macmillan.com.au Queensland phone: (07) 3632 2678 email: sonia.evans@macmillan.com.au South Australia/NT phone: (08) 8132 7555 email: john.

10 contact For further information, back contact the Macmillan Office in your State: Victoria/Tasmania Western Australia NSW/ACT phone: (03) phone: (08) phone: (08) Queensland phone: (07) South Australia/NT phone: (08) phone: fax:

The Accessible Arctic

The Accessible Arctic As the Arctic loses its sea ice cover, it becomes ever more accessible, bringing both opportunities and potential conflicts between stakeholders I. Globalization, Climate Change &