AVIAN ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR

Transcription

1 AVAN ECOLOGY AND BEHAVOUR PROCEEDNGS O THE BOLOGCAL STATON RYBACHY Vol. 1, 008 RNGNG REPORTS Avian Ecol. Behav. 1, 008: Results of bird trapping and ringing by the Biological Station Rybachy on the Courish Spit in 00 Casimir V. Bolshakov, Anatoly P. Shapoval & Nadejda P. Zelenova Abstract: Bolshakov, C.V., Shapoval, A.P. & N.P. Zelenova (008): Results of bird trapping and ringing by the Biological Station Rybachy on the Courish Spit in 00. Avian Ecol. Behav. 1: n 00, a grand total of, birds of 110 species were trapped and ringed by the Biological Station Rybachy in the framework of long- and short-term research projects. A total of 1,777 ringed birds of species produced,7 recaptures. n 00, 9 birds of species ringed on the Courish Spit in previous years were retrapped. Between and , 110 birds of species ringed on the Courish Spit were reported as recovered more than 0 km from the ringing site. n 00, 07 birds of species ringed outside the Courish Spit were controlled. A review of main research projects is given, along with main trapping techniques. A complete list of long-distance recoveries is provided. Keywords: bird ringing, retraps, long-distance recoveries, research projects Address: Biological station Rybachy, Zoological nstitute, Rybachy 8, Kaliningrad Region, Russia. Rybachy@bioryb.koenig.su Received 0 arch 00 / Received in revised form ay 00 / Accepted 17 September 00. This annual report is the 8th one in the series of ringing reports published by the Biological Station Rybachy (Bolshakov et al. 1999, 000, 00a, 00b, 00, 00, 00) and consists of two parts. The first part contains a short review of the main research projects, description of trapping techniques used and main ringing results (Tab. 1), retraps and control captures (Tab. ) during the current year. The second part contains a full list of birds ringed by the station and recovered outside the Courish Spit based on the data received from Russian National Ringing Centre in oscow. We also present the data on birds ringed outside the Courish Spit and controlled by us in the current year. Additionally we have included the data on long-distance recoveries for wich we do not have information from the National Ringing Centre.

2 0 Avian Ecology and Behaviour 1. ain current research projects using bird trapping and ringing 1.1 Long-term monitoring of the timing of spring and autumn migration, breeding, post-breeding and post-fledging dispersal, numbers of breeding and passage bird populations on the Courish Spit of the Baltic Sea This project has been under way without interruption since 198 at the field site ringilla ( 0 N, 0 E). Birds are trapped in specially designed, large permanent traps (the so-called Rybachy-type traps), ringed and measured. or detailed descriptions of the traps see Erik (197), Dolnik & Payevsky (197), Bub (1991), Payevsky (000). At present a unique data set is available that has made it possible to describe long-term trends in the timing of migration, breeding, post-fledging dispersal, and numbers of local and passage populations for nearly 0 passerines species in the second half of the 0th century. These data have also allowed us to discover the main factors that affect the underlying trends (Sokolov 1999, Sokolov et al. 1998a, 1998b, 1999, 000, 001a, 001b, 00a, 00b, 00a, 00b, Sokolov & Payevsky 1998). Within the framework of this project two traps were operated at ringilla in 00: trap (NE orientation of entrance) from arch until October, trap (SW orientation of entrance) from arch 7 until November 1. n the spring, summer and during a part of the autumn, the traps allowed us to control movement along the Courish Spit in both directions. A total of 8,99 birds of 9 species were trapped and ringed in Rybachy-type traps (Tab. 1). 1.. Long-term dynamics of numbers, energy condition, moult and biometrics of passerines in NE Europe A joint 1-year research programme of Vogelwarte Radolfzell (Germany) and Biological Station Rybachy was launched in 199 at the field site Rybachy on Rossitten Cape ( 09 N, 0 1 E). t is an area of heavy concentration of nocturnal passerine migrants at daytime stopovers, both in spring and in autumn. Trapping is done in mist nets, each 7 m long. Nets are placed in lines and several small groups. Trapping, ringing and biometrics followed the guidelines of the R and ES programmes (Berthold et al. 1991, Bairlein et al. 199). n 00, nets were open hrs a day from arch 7 until November 1 with a standard gap from June 11 until June 0, and additional 17 nets were open from July 0 until August 1. A total of 1, birds of 7 species was trapped and ringed in this programme in 00 (Tab. 1). 1.. Population structure, philopatry and dispersal of passerines on the Courish Spit This project was launched in 197. The data were largely obtained by trapping and ringing juveniles and adults in Rybachy-type traps. ist nets were used near water pools at ringilla and the surrounding area and pulli and adults were ringed at nests (incl. nest-boxes) at different sites on the Courish Spit.

3 Table 1. Numbers of birds ringed by Biological Station Rybachy in 00. EURNG code Species* Gavia arctica Arctic Podiceps cristatus Great Crested Grebe Rybachytype traps ( ringilla ) istnets ( Rybachy ) Nestlings Nests Adults Other research projects and methods Total ringed in 00 Grand total Phalacrocorax carbo Cormorant Botaurus stellaris Bittern xobrychus minutus Little Bittern Ardea cinerea Grey Heron Ciconia ciconia White Stork Anas crecca Teal Anas platyrhynchos allard Anas querquedula Garganey elanitta fusca Velvet Scoter Pernis apivorus Honey Buzzard ilvus migrans Black Kite Circus aeruginosus arsh Harrier Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier Circus macrourus Pallid Harrier Circus pygargus ontagu's Harrier Accipiter gentilis Goshawk

4 Avian Ecology and Behaviour Table 1. Continued EURNG code 090 Species* Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk Rybachytype traps ( ringilla ) istnets ( Rybachy ) Nestlings Nests Adults Other research projects and methods Total ringed in 00 Grand total , Buteo buteo Buzzard Buteo lagopus Rough-legged Buzzard alco tinnunculus Kestrel alco vespertinus Red-footed alcon alco columbarius erlin alco subbuteo Hobby alco peregrinus Peregrine Coturnix coturnix Quail Rallus aquaticus Water Rail Porzana porzana Spotted Crake Crex crex Corncrake Gallinula chloropus oorhen ulica atra Coot Charadrius dubius Little Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula Ringed Plover Vanellus vanellus Lapwing Calidris canutus Knot

5 1 008 Table 1. Continued EURNG code 0970 Species* Calidris alba Sanderling Rybachytype traps ( ringilla ) istnets ( Rybachy ) Nestlings Nests Adults Other research projects and methods Total ringed in 00 Grand total Calidris minuta Little Stint Calidris alpina Dunlin Philomachus pugnax Ruff Lymnocryptes minima Jack Snipe Gallinago gallinago Snipe Scolopax rusticola Woodcock Numenius arquata Curlew Tringa ochropus Green Sandpiper Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper Arenaria interpres Turnstone Larus ridibundus Black-headed Gull Larus canus Common Gull Larus fuscus Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus marinus Great Black-backed Gull Sterna hirundo Common Tern Uria aalge Guillemot

6 Avian Ecology and Behaviour Table 1. Continued EURNG code 00 Species* Columba livia Rock Dove Rybachytype traps ( ringilla ) istnets ( Rybachy ) Nestlings Nests Adults Other research projects and methods Total ringed in 00 Grand total Columba oenas Stock Dove Columba palumbus Woodpigeon Streptopelia decaocto Collared Dove Streptopelia turtur Turtle Dove Cuculus canorus Cuckoo Tyto alba Barn Owl Surnia ulula Hawk Owl Athene noctua Little Owl Strix aluco Tawny Owl Asio otus Long-eared Owl Asio flammeus Short-eared Owl Aegolius funereus Tengmalm s Owl Caprimulgus europaeus Nightjar Apus apus Swift Alcedo atthis Kingfisher Coracias garrulus Roller Upupa epops Hoopoe , ,

7 1 008 Table 1. Continued EURNG code Species* Jynx torquilla Wryneck Picus canus Grey-headed Woodpecker Picus viridis Green Woodpecker Rybachytype traps ( ringilla ) istnets ( Rybachy ) Nestlings Nests Adults Other research projects and methods Total ringed in 00 Grand total , Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker Dendrocopos major Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos medius iddle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos minor Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Lullula arborea Woodlark Alauda arvensis Skylark Eremophilla alpestris Shore Lark Riparia riparia Sand artin Hirundo rustica Swallow Delichon urbica House artin Anthus novaseelandiae Richard's Pipit Anthus campestris Tawny Pipit Anthus trivialis Tree Pipit , , , , , ,717

8 Avian Ecology and Behaviour Table 1. Continued EURNG code Species* Anthus pratensis eadow Pipit Rybachytype traps ( ringilla ) istnets ( Rybachy ) Nestlings Nests Adults Other research projects and methods Total ringed in 00 Grand total , Anthus spinoletta Water Pipit Anthus petrosus Rock Pipit otacilla flava Yellow Wagtail otacilla citreola Citrine Wagtail otacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail otacilla alba Pied Wagtail Bombycilla garrulus Waxwing Cinclus cinclus Dipper Troglodytes troglodytes Wren Prunella modularis Dunnock Erithacus rubecula Robin Luscinia luscinia Thrush Nightingale Luscinia svecica Bluethroat Tarsiger cyanurus Red-flanked Bluetail Phoenicurus ochruros Black Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus Redstart Saxicola rubetra Whinchat , ,8 1, , , 1,70 1,787, 1,0 7 1, , ,8 0,0

9 Table 1. Continued EURNG code 1190 Species* Saxicola torquata Stonechat Rybachytype traps ( ringilla ) istnets ( Rybachy ) Nestlings Nests Adults Other research projects and methods Total ringed in 00 Grand total Oenanthe oenanthe Northern Wheatear Turdus torquatus Ring Ouzel Turdus merula Blackbird Turdus pilaris ieldfare Turdus philomelos Song Thrush Turdus iliacus Redwing Turdus viscivorus istle Thrush Locustella naevia Grasshopper Warbler Locustella fluviatilis River Warbler Locustella luscinioides Savi's Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus agricola Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum Blyth's Reed Warbler Acrocephalus palustris arsh Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus Great Reed Warbler ,01 1, , , , , ,7 8,710

10 8 Avian Ecology and Behaviour Table 1. Continued EURNG code Species* Hippolais caligata Booted Warbler Hippolais icterina cterine Warbler Rybachytype traps ( ringilla ) istnets ( Rybachy ) Nestlings Nests Adults Other research projects and methods Total ringed in 00 Grand total , Sylvia cantillans Subalpine Warbler Sylvia nisoria Barred Warbler Sylvia curruca Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia communis Whitethroat Sylvia borin Garden Warbler Sylvia atricapilla Blackcap Phylloscopus trochiloides Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus proregulus Pallas' Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus Yellow browed Warbler Phylloscopus schwarzi Radde's Warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus Dusky Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix Wood Warbler Phylloscopus collybitus Chiffchaff Phylloscopus trochilus Willow Warbler Regulus regulus Goldcrest Regulus ignicapillus irecrest 7 1, , , , , , , ,99 10, 10,,1 10 1,7,

11 Table 1. Continued EURNG code Species* uscicapa striata Spotted lycatcher icedula parva Red-breasted lycatcher icedula albicollis Collared lycatcher icedula hypoleuca Pied lycatcher Panurus biarmicus Bearded Tit Aegithalos caudatus Long-tailed Tit Parus palustris arsh Tit Parus montanus Willow Tit Parus cristatus Crested Tit Parus ater Coal Tit Parus caeruleus Blue Tit Parus major Great Tit Sitta europaea Nuthatch Certhia familiaris Treecreeper Certhia brachydactyla Short-toed Treecreeper Remiz pendulinus Penduline Tit Rybachytype traps ( ringilla ) istnets ( Rybachy ) Nestlings Nests Adults Other research projects and methods Total ringed in 00 Grand total , , , ,8 1,0,00, , , , ,7 8,870, ,700 11, , , Oriolus oriolus Golden Oriole Lanius collurio Red backed Shrike Lanius excubitor Great Grey Shrike ,17 111

12 0 Avian Ecology and Behaviour Table 1. Continued EURNG code Species* Garrulus glandarius Jay Pica pica agpie Nucifraga caryocatactes Nutcracker Corvus monedula Jackdaw Corvus frugilegus Rook Corvus corone cornix Hooded Crow Corvus corax Raven Rybachytype traps ( ringilla ) istnets ( Rybachy ) Nestlings Nests Adults Other research projects and methods Total ringed in 00 Grand total , Sturnus vulgaris Starling Passer domesticus House Sparrow Passer montanus Tree Sparrow ringilla coelebs Chaffinch ringilla montifringilla Brambling Serinus serinus Serin Carduelis chloris Greenfinch Carduelis carduelis Goldfinch Carduelis spinus Siskin Carduelis cannabina Linnet Carduelis flavirostris Twite Carduelis flammea Redpoll 1,18 9 1,8 10, , ,7 7, , , 7 1,998, , 0,1 1, ,07

13 Table 1. Continued EURNG code 10 Species* Carduelis hornemanni Arctic Redpoll Rybachytype traps ( ringilla ) istnets ( Rybachy ) Nestlings Nests Adults Other research projects and methods Total ringed in 00 Grand total Loxia leucoptera Two barred Crossbill Loxia curvirostra Crossbill Loxia pytyopsittacus Parrot Crossbill Carpodacus erythrinus Scarlet Rosefinch Pinicola enucleator Pine Grosbeak Pyrrhula pyrrhula Bullfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes Hawfinch Calcarius lapponicus Lapland Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis Snow Bunting Emberiza citrinella Yellowhammer Emberiza hortulana Ortolan Bunting Emberiza rustica Rustic Bunting Emberiza pusilla Little Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus Reed Bunting Emberiza melanocephala Black headed Bunting iliaria calandra Corn Bunting , , , , , ,8 1 8

14 Avian Ecology and Behaviour Table 1. Continued EURNG code Species* Rybachytype traps ( ringilla ) istnets ( Rybachy ) Nestlings Nests Adults Other research projects and methods Total ringed in 00 Grand total Total birds 8,99 1,,00 78,18,,98, Total species Note: * English common names follow Jonsson (199). n 00,,00 pulli of species and 78 adults of 8 species were ringed at the nest (Tab. 1). Adults were trapped at the nest (nest-box) using various techniques, incl. mist nets, walloper (butterfly-type net), semi-automatic traps, etc. Near pools at ringilla 1,9 birds of species were mist-netted and ringed. As many as,8 birds of species produced retraps and controls. Overall, a total of, birds of 110 species were trapped and ringed by the Biological Station Rybachy in the framework of long-term and short-term research projects. A more detailed account of ringing results is presented in Tab. 1. Apart from the EURNG code, scientific and English names of a species, the following information is given: (1) trapping figures at ringilla field site by Rybachy-type traps; () trapping figures at Rybachy field site in a joint Russian-German research project; () the number of pulli and adults ringed at nests; () the number of birds trapped by other methods in different research projects (incl. a small number of birds captured and ringed incidentally); () overall ringing figures for 00. Additionally, the grand ringing totals for are presented for each species. At present, the ringing database of Biological Station Rybachy is being revised and so future corrections for same species are possible. Numbers of retraps and controls at the place of ringing are presented in first three columns of Tab.. A total of 1,777 individuals of species ringed in 00 produced,7 retraps. n addition, 9 controls ( species) were obtained from birds ringed in previous years.. List of long-distance recoveries reported in 00 The number of recoveries for each species is presented in Tab. (columns and ). The lists include: birds ringed by the station on the Courish Spit and subsequently recovered more than 0km from the ringing site (section.1); controls of birds ringed outside the Russian part of the Courish Spit (section.). Here the list of controls for which the ringing information is still not available is also included (section.). n sections.1 and., we present all recoveries that were reported to the station between and The sequence of species follows EURNG (1979).

15 1 008 Table. Retraps, controls, and recoveries of birds. EURNG code Species Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk Scolopax rusticola Woodcock Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper Larus argentatus Herring Gull Aegolius funereus Tengmalm s Owl Dendrocopos major Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos minor Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Alauda arvensis Skylark Hirundo rustica Swallow Delichon urbica House artin Anthus campestris Tawny Pipit Anthus trivialis Tree Pipit otacilla alba Pied Wagtail Troglodytes troglodytes Wren Prunella modularis Dunnock Erithacus rubecula Robin Luscinia luscinia Thrush Nightingale Luscinia svecica Bluethroat Phoenicurus phoenicurus Redstart Turdus merula Blackbird Retraps of birds ringed in 00 birds retraps Controls of birds ringed earlier than 00 Recoveries of our birds outside the Courish Spit Recoveries of birds ringed outside the Courish Spit

16 Avian Ecology and Behaviour Table. Continued EURNG code Species Turdus pilaris ieldfare Turdus philomelos Song Thrush Locustella fluviatilis River Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus palustris arsh Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus Great Reed Warbler Hippolais icterina cterine Warbler Sylvia curruca Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia communis Whitethroat Sylvia borin Garden Warbler Sylvia atricapilla Blackcap Phylloscopus sibilatrix Wood Warbler Phylloscopus collybitus Chiffchaff Phylloscopus trochilus Willow Warbler Regulus regulus Goldcrest Regulus ignicapillus irecrest uscicapa striata Spotted lycatcher icedula parva Red breasted lycatcher Retraps of birds ringed in 00 birds retraps Controls of birds ringed earlier than 00 Recoveries of our birds outside the Courish Spit Recoveries of birds ringed outside the Courish Spit icedula albicollis Collared lycatcher 1

17 1 008 Table. Continued EURNG code Species icedula hypoleuca Pied lycatcher Aegithalos caudatus Long-tailed Tit Parus palustris arsh Tit Parus montanus Willow Tit Retraps of birds ringed in 00 birds retraps Controls of birds ringed earlier than 00 Recoveries of our birds outside the Courish Spit Recoveries of birds ringed outside the Courish Spit Parus cristatus Crested Tit Parus ater Coal Tit Parus caeruleus Blue Tit Parus major Great Tit Sitta europaea Nuthatch Certhia familiaris Treecreeper Certhia brachydactyla Short toed Treecreeper Remiz pendulinus Penduline Tit Lanius collurio Red-backed Shrike Corvus frugilegus Rook Sturnus vulgaris Starling Passer domesticus House Sparrow ringilla coelebs Chaffinch ringilla montifringilla Brambling

18 Avian Ecology and Behaviour Table. Continued EURNG code Species Retraps of birds ringed in 00 birds retraps Controls of birds ringed earlier than 00 Recoveries of our birds outside the Courish Spit Recoveries of birds ringed outside the Courish Spit Carduelis chloris Greenfinch Carduelis carduelis Goldfinch Carduelis spinus Siskin Carduelis flammea Redpoll Loxia curvirostra Crossbill Carpodacus erythrinus Scarlet Rosefinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula Bullfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes Hawfinch Emberiza citrinella Yellowhammer Emberiza schoeniclus Reed Bunting Total birds 1,777, Total species.1. Long-distance recoveries of birds ringed on the Courish Spit or each species, EURNG code, scientific and English name and number of recoveries (in parenthesis) are presented. Explanation of line contents. Every individual has data on two lines: on the upper one are ringing information (ring No, ringing date, sex, age [see below], ringing place with coordinates). f a bird was retrapped at the site of ringing, place and date of the last retrap are given in brackets. The sign before the ring number showed that there is no series letter. n this and previus reports (Bolshakov et al.1999, 000, 00a, 00b, 00, 00, 00) rings with series C, E,, O, P, R, S, S, KS, B, N, PB, RZ, VD, VS, VT, TA, XA, XB, XC, XD, X, XK, XL, XS, XT and XY bear the inscription oskwa, series K, V and AX bear the inscription Russia, Petersburg.

19 On the lower line, recovery information (recovery date; sex; age; place of recovery country, province, nearest site; coordinates, printed in parenthesis if only very roughly estimated); circumstances of recovery (see below); time elapsed between ringing and recovery dates in days; distance in km and direction in degrees (North 0, East 90 ). Distance was estimated according to the orthodrome, the great circle route and direction was estimated according to the loxodrome. f a bird was retrapped several times at the place of ringing, the latest retrap was used for calculating the time elapsed. f a ring was added, ringing scheme and new ring no. are given. Codes: SEX male; female; unknown. AGE: 0 age unknown, i.e. not recorded. 1 pullus: nestling or chick, unable to fly freely, still able to be caught by hand. full-grown: able to fly freely but age otherwise unknown. first-year: full-grown bird hatched in the breeding season of this calendar year. after first year: full-grown bird hatched before this calendar year, year of birth otherwise unknown. second year: a bird born last calendar year and now in its second calendar year. after second year: full-grown bird born before last calendar year, year of birth otherwise unknown. Circumstances of recovery: x found dead (x) found sick or wounded, later died xa found dead long ago, remnants only: skeleton, leg with ring xe hit overhead wires or electrocuted xg collided with window, glasshouse, etc. xn found dead in fish nets + shot (+) killed by man +K killed by cat + killed by other mammal +Ac killed by raptor +T victim of traffic V controlled: trapped and released with the same ring ( ) caught alive and released with another ring or ring removed C? caught, further fate unknown r ring only found rac ring found in a raptor pellet /?/ manner of recovery unknown & ring added ( ) finding date is not known exactly, date when recovery letter was send is given.

20 8 Avian Ecology and Behaviour n cases when the exact date is not known: exact date (day) of recovery is not known beg bird found in the beginning of the month mid bird found in the middle of the month end bird found in the end of the month n such cases time elapsed is recorded as 00. n total, between and , we received from the national Ringing Centre information on 110 recoveries of birds of species, ringed on the Courish Spit (see list of recoveris reported in 00)... Controls of birds ringed outside the Courish Spit n 00 the station controlled a total of 07 birds of species ringed outside the Courish Spit. The line structure is the same: after the ring number, we give the ringing scheme (see list of controls of birds ringed outside the Courish Spit). or birds of species ringed outside the Courish Spit and controlled by the Biological Station Rybachy in 00, ringing information is still not available from the national Ringing Centre (see data with ringing information still not available).. Participants The following members of the Biological Station, students, colleagues and amateur bird ringers participated in bird trapping and ringing in 00 (listed by alphabetical order): V. Bulyuk, N. Chernetsov, O. Campbell, V. Grinkevich, D. Kishkinev, V. Kosarev, P. Ktitorov, D. Leoke,.Litvinov,. arkovets,. atantseva, A. ukhin,. Paranicheva, A. Schapoval, S. Simonov, A. Sinelschikova, L. Sokolov, N. Sosedova, E. Tronikova, A. Tsvey, V. Yefremov, N. Zelenova.

21 Long-distance recoveries of birds ringed on the Courish Spit Accipiter nisus, Sparrowhawk (1) Russia, ringilla Sweden, Blekinge, Utklippan 090. Scolopax rusticola, Woodcock (1) (0.0.00) Russia, ringilla Russia, Vologda, Tcherepovets 00 Actitis hypoleucos, Common Sandpiper (1) TA Russia, Kaliningrad, Guryevsk, Kashirskoe Hirundo rustica, Swallow () O Russia, ringilla Lithuania, Klaipeda VD Russia, ringilla otacilla alba, White Wagtail (1) XY Erithacus rubecula, Robin () Russia, ringilla X XL Germany, Hessen, Bingenheim rance, Bouches-du-Rhone, Cassis 110. Phoenicurus phoenicurus, Redstart (1) X Russia, ringilla rance, Aquitaine, Alcay-Alcabehety- Sunharette.0N, 0.E.7N, 1.E ( ) Stockholm 19 days, 1 km, 87.0N, 0.E 9.08N, 7.E + 9 days, 119 km,.09n, 0.1E.N, 0.E + 1 days, 9 km, 19.0N, 0.E.N, 1.0E x 7 days, 7 km, 18.0N, 0.E.1N, 1.1E V days, km,.0n, 0.E.1N, 1.1E V days, km,.09n, 0.1E 0.N, 8.E C? days, 9 km, 7.09N, 0.1E.1N,. E x 08 days, 171 km, 0.0N, 0.E.0N, 0.W x days, 0 km, 0

22 70 Avian Ecology and Behaviour Turdus merula, Blackbird (1) P Poland, Koszalin, Objazda, Ustka Turdus pilaris, ieldfare () P Czech Republic, Prague, Hloubetin TA rance, Aveyron, Canet-de-Salars Turdus philomelos, Song Thrush () TA Spain, Cordoba, Pozoblanco TA rance, Bouches-du-Rhone, os-sur-er TA Spain, allorca, Binisafua TA Spain, Gerona, Terrades 10. Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, Sedge Warbler (1) XY Hungary, Bacs-Kiskun, zsak 110. Acrocephalus scirpaceus, Reed Warbler () X XL Russia, ringilla Russia, Kaliningrad, Courush Spit Lithuania, Juodkrante.09N, 0.1E.N, 17.0E x 00 days, 1 km,.09n, 0.1E 0.0N, 1.E + 9 days, 70 km, 17.09N, 0.1E.1N,.E + 1 days, 1779 km, 7.09N, 0.1E 8.1N,.7W days, 709 km,.09n, 0.1.N,.E + 81 days, 179 km, 1.09N, 0.1E 9.1N,.0E + 77 days, 188 km, 18.09N, 0.1E.18N,.0E + 71 days, 19 km,.09n, 0.1E.7N, 19.1E V 1 days, 9 km, 18.0N, 0.E.1N, 1.1E V 8 days, km,.0n, 0.1E.1N, 1.07E V 19 days, 9 km, 8

23 XL Belgium, Limburg, Alken XL Sweden, Södermanlands, Bredmar/byn, Landsort XY Russia, Kaliningrad, Courish Spit Spain, Alava, Vittoria, Salburua-Betono 170. Sylvia curruca, Lesser Whitethroat () O Russia, ringilla XT Sweden, Öland, Ottenby 110. Phylloscopus trochilus, Willow Warbler () VD Russia, ringilla VD Russia, ringilla inland, Uusimaa, Kirkkonummi, Rönnskär VD Sweden, Öland, Ottenby VT inland, Oulu, Siikajoki, Tauvo XA Russia, ringilla 110. Regulus regulus, Goldcrest () VD Russia, ringilla Switzerland, Vaud, Col de Jaman VD , Juodkrante.09N, 0.1E 0.N,.18E x 1 days, 11 km,.09n, 0.1E 8.N, 17.E V 89 days, 9 km,.0n, 0.0E.N,.W V 71 days, 17 km, 1.0N, 0.E.1N, 1.1E V 1 days, km,.09n, 0.1E.1N, 1.E V 17 days, 0 km, 9.0N, 0.E.1N, 1.1E V 90 days, km,.0n, 0.E 9.N,.E V 8 days, 8 km,.09n, 0.1E.1N, 1.E V 1 day, 0 km, 9.09N, 0.1E.8N,.8E V 17 days, 109 km, 11.0N, 0.E.7N, 1.0E ( ) 0C 0 days, km, 7.0N, 0.E.7N,.9E V 1 days, 11 km,.09n, 0.1E.1N, 1.07E V days, km,

24 7 Avian Ecology and Behaviour VT VT Russia, ringilla Poland, Gdansk, ierzeja Wislana Russia, ringilla Poland, Gdansk, Hel 190. icedula hypoleuca, Pied lycatcher (1) VT Russia, ringilla Lithuania, Šakiai, Voniskiai 170. Aegithalos caudatus, Long-tailed Tit (10) VD VD VD VD VD VD VD VD VD VD Russia, ringilla Poland, Koszalin, Bukowo-Kopan Russia, ringilla Poland, Gdansk, ierzeja Wislana Russia, ringilla Poland, Olsztyn, Zolwiniec arkusy Russia, ringilla Poland, Koszalin, Bukowo-Kopan Russia, ringilla Poland, Koszalin, Bukowo-Kopan Russia, ringilla Poland, Gdansk, ierzeja Wislana Russia, ringilla Poland, Koszalin, Bukowo-Kopan Russia, ringilla Poland, Koszalin, Bukowo-Kopan Russia, ringilla Poland, Koszalin, Bukowo-Kopan Poland, Koszalin, Bukowo-Kopan 10. Parus caeruleus, Blue Tit (8) O Russia, ringilla Lithuania, Šilutte, Ventes Ragas.0N, 0.E.1N, 19.19E V 79 days, 1 km, 8.0N, 0.E.N, 18.8E V 17 days, 19 km,.0n, 0.E.0N,.0E & XA days, 19 km, 90.0N, 0.E.8N, 1.E V days, 8 km,.0n, 0.E.1N, 19.19E V days, 1 km, 8.0N, 0.E.0N, 19.7E V days, 18 km, 17.0N, 0.E.8N, 1.E V 1 days, 8 km,.0n, 0.E.8N, 1.E V 1 days, 8 km,.0n, 0.E.1N, 19.19E V days, 1 km, 8.0N, 0.E.8N, 1.E V 1 days, 8 km,.0n, 0.E.8N, 1.E V 1 days, 8 km,.0n, 0.E.8N, 1.E V 1 days, 8 km,.09n, 0.1E.8N, 1.E V 1 days, 9 km,.0n, 0.E.1N, 1.1E V 188 days, km,

25 O Russia, Kaliningrad, Courish Spit V Russia, ringilla Netherlands, Groningen, Lauwersoog V Russia, ringilla Netherlands, Limburg, Tegelen XB Russia, ringilla, Juodkrante X Russia, ringilla Germany, Schleswig-Holstein, Silzen XY Russia, Kaliningrad, Courish Spit, Juodkrante XY Russia, ringilla Poland, Szczecin, Darlovo, Slawno 10. Parus major, Great Tit () AX Russia, ringilla Germany, ecklenburg-vorpommern, Rostock AX AX O Russia, ringilla Germany, Greifswalder Oie Russia, ringilla Latvia, Cesis, Vaives Russia, ringilla O Russia, ringilla Poland, Gdansk, Hel O Russia, ringilla.09n, 0.9E.7N, 1.0E & P days, 7 km,.0n, 0.E.N,.1E V 1 days, 91 km, 9.0N, 0.E 1.0N,.08E V 17 days, 107 km, 7.0N, 0.E.N, 1.07E + 9 days, 7 km,.0n, 0.E.01N, 9.0E ( ) U179 Hiddensee 7 days, 7 km, 1.09N, 0.9E.1N, 1.07E V 90 days, km,.0n, 0.E.N, 1.E +T 8 days, 89 km,.0n, 0.E.0N, 1.08E x 910 days, km, 9.0N, 0.E.1N, 1.E V days, 8 km, 8.0N, 0.E 7.1N,.E +K days, 7 km, 0.0N, 0.E.7N, 1.0E & 8K.0N, 0.E.N, 18.8E ( ) Gdansk KZ days, km, 7 days, 19 km,.0n, 0.E.1N, 1.1E V 71 days, km,

26 7 Avian Ecology and Behaviour S X X X X XK XL XL XY XY XY XY XY XY Russia, ringilla Lithuania, Plunges, Rietavas Russia, ringilla Poland, Gdansk, Hel Russia, ringilla Poland, Gdansk, Gdansk-Srodmiescie Russia, ringilla, Juodkrante Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Netherlands, Schiermonikoog Russia, ringilla Poland, Gdansk, ierzeja Wislana Russia, ringilla Belgium, West-Vlaandern, Wingene Russia, ringilla Belgium, Brabant, Zichem Russia, ringilla Netherlands, Almere, jmeerdijk Russia, ringilla Netherlands, Groningen, Onnen.0N, 0.E.N, 1.E V 7 days, 10 km, 7.0N, 0.E.N, 18.8E ( ) Gdansk KZ days, 19 km,.0n, 0.E.1N, 18.9E V 9 days, 17 km, 9.0N, 0.E.7N, 1.0E V 19 days, km, 7.09N, 0.1E.1N, 1.07E V 1 day, km,.09n, 0.1E.1N, 1.1E V days, km,.0n, 0.E.1N, 1.1E V 18 days, km,.0n, 0.E.7N, 1.0E V 0 days, km, 7.0N, 0.E.9N,.11E V 18 days, 90 km, 9.0N, 0.E.1N, 19.19E V days, 1 km, 8.0N, 0.E 1.0N,.1E V 19 days, 18 km, 9.0N, 0.E 1.00N,.9E V 0 days, 11 km, 7.0N, 0.E.1N,.08E V 17 days, 1070 km,.0n, 0.E.09N,.9E xg 1 days, 9 km, 7

27 XY XY Russia, ringilla Poland, Koszalin, Bukowo-Kopan Russia, ringilla Netherlands, Groningen, Hoogkerk XY Russia, ringilla Poland, Gdansk, ierzeja Wislana XY XY Russia, ringilla Germany, Niedersachsen, Wilhelmshaven- Rusterseil Russia, ringilla Poland, Gdansk, Krynica orska XY Russia, ringilla Poland, Koszalin, Bukowo-Kopan 180. Certhia familiaris, Treecreeper (1) VD Russia, ringilla, Juodkrante 110. Lanius collurio, Red-backed Shrike (1) XD Sturnus vulgaris, Starling (1) Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla.0n, 0.E.8N, 1.E V 11 days, 8 km,.0n, 0.E.1N,.0E V days, 90 km, 7.0N, 0.E.1N, 19.19E V days, 1 km, 8.0N, 0.E.N, 8.07E V 7 days, 8 km, 8.0N, 0.E.N, 19.7E V days, 10 km,.0n, 0.E.8N, 1.E V 8 days, 8 km,.0n, 0.E.1N, 1.07E V 1 days, km, 7.09N, 0.1E.1N, 1.1E V 0 days, km,.0n, 0.E.1N, 1.1E & T09.0N, 0.E.1N, 1.1E & T018.0N, 0.E.1N, 1.1E & T days, km, 17 days, km, 10 days, km,

28 7 Avian Ecology and Behaviour Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Lithuania, Klaipeda, Gargzdai K Belgium, West-Vlaanderen, iddelkerke TA Russia, ringilla TA Russia, ringilla Poland, Gdansk, Bielkowko, Kolbudy TA Russia, ringilla TA Russia, ringilla rance, Somme, Baie de Somme TA Russia, ringilla TA Russia, ringilla TA Russia, ringilla rance, Pas-de-Calais, St. Josse sur er TA Russia, ringilla rance, Nord, Esquelbecq 10. ringilla coelebs, Chaffinch (9) O Russia, ringilla Yugoslavia, Serbia, Vojvodina, Vrsac O Russia, ringilla inland, Kymi, Valkeala, Vuohijarvi.0N, 0.E.1N, 1.1E V 19 days, km,.0n, 0.E.N, 1.E xg 88 days, 80 km,.09n, 0.1E 1.11N,.0E + days, 178 km, 0.0N, 0.E.1N, 1.1E V 1 days, km,.0n, 0.E.1N, 18.1E +K days, 19 km, 7.0N, 0.E.1N, 1.1E V 1 days, km,.0n, 0.E 0.1N, 1.8E days, 19 km, 7.0N, 0.E.1N, 1.1E V days, km,.0n, 0.E.1N, 1.1E V 8 days, km,.0n, 0.E 0.8N, 1.9E + 1 days, 181 km, 8º.0N, 0.E 0.N,.E + 10 days, 111 km, 9.0N, 0.E.07N, 1.18E V 199 days, 1108 km, 178.0N, 0.E 1.09N,.7E xg 09 days, 7 km, 8

29 S Russia, ringilla. S Russia, ringilla X Russia, ringilla Germany, rankfurt-berger Hang XK Russia, ringilla inland, Vaasa, Jyväskylä, Tourula XK Russia, ringilla inland, Häme, Tampere, Atala XL rance, Drome, La Grande-Adhemar XY Russia, ringilla Great Britain, Devon, Lundy sland 10. Carduelis spinus, Siskin (8) XB Russia, ringilla X X Russia, ringilla Belgium, Liege, Sourbrodt Russia, ringilla Czech Republic, Prague, Vokovice X Russia, ringilla Czech Republic, Prague, Sudislavice X XL Russia, ringilla Spain, Castellon, Gaibiel Russia, ringilla Czech Republic, Prague, Kunratice.0N, 0.E.7N, 1.0E & C 1 days, km, 7.0N, 0.E.7N, 1.0E & C1 days, km, 7.0N, 0.E 0.10N, 8.7E V 11 days, 97 km, º.0N, 0.E.1N,.E xg 98 days, 8 km, 0.0N, 0.E 1.0N,.E x 77 days, 7 km, 1.09N, 0.1E.N,.E x 19 days, 1 km,.0n, 0.E 1.10N,.0W V 1 days, 178 km, º.0N, 0.E.7N, 1.0E & 11K19 1 day, km, 7.0N, 0.E 0.9N,.08E V days, 110 km,.0n, 0.E 0.0N, 1.1E V 1 days, 70 km, 18.0N, 0.E 9.N, 1.0E V 171 days, 7 km, 1.0N, 0.E 9.N, 0.9 W V days, 19 km,.0n, 0.E 0.01N, 1.0E V 1 days, 70 km, 17

30 78 Avian Ecology and Behaviour XL XL Russia, ringilla Belgium, Luxembourg, Wirbin Russia, ringilla Poland, Gdansk, Ujscie Wisly, Swibno 10. Carduelis flammea, Redpoll (1) XY Poland, Gdansk, ierzeja Wislana.. Controls of birds ringed outside the Courish Spit Phalactrocorax carbo, Cormorant (1) 087 inland, Helsinki inland,vaasa, Uusikaarleppy Russia, ringilla 090. Accipiter nisus, Sparrowhawk () A010 Lithuania, A00 Lithuania, , Juodkrante Russia, ringilla 090. Larus argentatus, Herring Gull () L11 Estonia, atsalu Estonia, Harju, Emblu HT07 inland, Helsinki inland, Kuopio, Kuopio Russia, Kaliningrad, Svetly Larus marinus, Great Black-backed Gull (1) L989 Estonia, atsalu Estonia, atsalu, Sipelgarahu.0N, 0.E 0.10N,.E V 9 days, 111 km,.0n, 0.E.N, 18.E V 0 days, 10 km,.09n, 0.1E.1N, 19.19E V days, 1 km, 8º.N,.1E.0N, 0.E xa 00 days, 9 km, 18.1N, 1.07E.0N, 0.E & PB days, km, 07.1N, 1.1E.09N, 0.1E & days, km, 9.1N,.19E.09N, 0.1E x 8 days, km, 09.N, 7.7E.1N, 0.10E x 00 days, 1000 km, 0 8.N,.19E.09N, 0.1E x 801 days, 7 km, 00

31 Hirundo rustica, Swallow () VT8779 Lithuania, ` Russia, ringilla VT081 Lithuania, Russia, ringilla Delichon urbica, House artin (1) VT0 Lithuania, Russia, ringilla otacilla flava, Yellow Wagtail (1) ZL9 Lithuania, otacilla alba, White Wagtail (1) VT8 Lithuania, Russia, ringilla Prunella modularis, Dunnock (1) 8980 Belgium, Bruxelles Belgium, Limburg, Genk Erithacus rubecula, Robin () 819 Belgium, Bruxelles Luxemburg, Uebersyren Russia, ringilla Belgium, Bruxelles R8999 Great Britain, London Belgium, Antwerpen, Oud Turnhout Great Britain, Sussex, sklesham X090 inland, Helsinki inland, Turku-Pori, Korppoo, Jurmo.1N, 1.1E.0N, 0.E & VD 79 0 days, km,.1n, 1.1E.0N, 0.E & VD days, km,.1n, 1.1E.0N, 0.E & XY days, km,.1n, 1.1E.09N, 0.1E & O 90 days, km,.1n, 1.1E.0N, 0.E V 11 days, km, 0.8N,.0E.09N, 0.1E & XK days, 11 km, 9.8N,.17E.0N, 0.E & X 719 days, 11 km, N,.9E.09N, 0.1E & X days, 118 km, 8 0.N, 0.0E.09N, 0.1E & X days, 19 km, 71º 9.0N, 1.7E.09N, 0.1E & O days, km, 18

32 80 Avian Ecology and Behaviour VX011 Lithuania, , Juodkrante BG0819 Sweden, Stockholm Sweden, Vasterbotten, Stora jäderagg Luscinia luscinia, Thrush Nightingale (1) VP017 Lithuania, Turdus merula, Blackbird () RE980 Great Britain, London Great Britain, Kent, Shorne, Gravesend Russia, ringilla RR818 Great Britain, London Great Britain, Norfolk, Weybourne 10. Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, Sedge Warbler () T7987 Czech Republic, Prague Czech Republic, Brno, Holásky X71 inland, Helsinki inland, Kymi, itti A19 Hungary, Budapest VP71 Lithuania, Hungary, Pest, Ocsa Russia, ringilla 100. Acrocephalus palustris, arsh Warbler (1) CB787 Sweden, Stockholm Kenya, Ngulia lake.1n, 1.07E.09N, 0.1E & XY days, km, 0.9N, 1.00E.09N, 0.1E & O days, 9 km, 181.1N, 1.1E.09N, 0.1E & O days, km, 1.N, 0.E.0N, 0.E & P 87 8 days, 110 km, 7.N, 1.07E.09N, 0.1E & P days, 111 km, N, 1.9E.09N, 0.1E & S 0 9 days, 7 km, 0.7N,.7E.09N, 0.1E & O days, 7 km, N, 19.1E.0N, 0.E & XY 01 0 days, 110 km, 0.1N, 1.1E.09N, 0.1E & O 80 days, km, 0.00S, 8.1E.09N, 0.1E & XY days, 89 km, º

33 Acrocephalus scirpaceus, Reed Warbler (17) 1818 Belgium, Bruxelles Belgium, Bruxelles Belgium, Bruxelles Belgium, Bruxelles Estonia, atsalu CA779 Estonia, atsalu XB178 Estonia, atsalu X017 inland, Helsinki L7 Lithuania, VH90 Lithuania, VL9 Lithuania, VP9 Lithuania, Belgium, Antwerpen, uizen Luxembourg, Schifflange Russia, Kaliningrad, Courish Spit Belgium, Limburg, Wijchmaal Belgium, Antwerpen, Brecht Estonia, Pärnu, Häädemeeste Estonis, Saare, Sorve Estonia, Pärnu, Häädemeeste inland, Uusimaa, Helsinki Russia, Kaliningrad, Courish Spit 1.01N,.1E.09N, 0.1E & S 000 days, 118 km, 7 9.0N,.01E.0N, 0.0E V 17 days, 1171 km, N,.E.09N, 0.1E & X day, 111 km, 7º 1.1N,.9E.09N, 0.1E & XY days, 117 km, 9º 8.0N,.9E.09N, 0.1E & X days, 9 km, 1 7.N,.0E.09N, 0.1E & XY days, 1 km, N,.9E.09N, 0.1E & XL 9790 days, 9 km, 1 0.1N,.01E.09N, 0.1E & O 907 days, 1 km, 0.1N, 1.1E.09N, 0.1E & O days, km,.1n, 1.1E.09N, 0.1E & O days, km,.1n, 1.1E.09N, 0.1E & O 10 days, km,.1n, 1.1E.0N, 0.0E & O days, 0 km,

34 8 Avian Ecology and Behaviour VP9101 Lithuania, Russia, Kaliningrad, Courish Spit VV070 Lithuania, L871 Spain, adrid (cona) Spain, adrid, Las inas BC810 Sweden, Stockholm Sweden, Skane, oteviken BG09 Sweden, Stockholm Sweden, Skane, alsterbo, lommen 10. Acrocephalus arundinaceus, Great Reed Warbler () Z718 Czech Republic, Prague Czech Republic, Breclav, Sedlec Russia, Kaliningrad, Courish Spit VP978 Lithuania, Sylvia communis, Whitethroat (1) 1ED11 Sweden, Stockholm Sylvia borin, Garden Warbler () Sweden, Blekinge, Utklippan 9P11 Denmark, Copenhagen Denmark, Bornholm, Christianso KE0708 Sweden, Stockholm Sweden, Vastmanland, Surahammar Sylvia atricapilla, Blackcap (1) 1EH8 Sweden, Stockholm Sweden, Gangholmen, Vasteras-Barkaro.1N, 1.1E.0N, 0.0E V 7 days, 8 km,.1n, 1.1E.09N, 0.1E & RZ 00 9 days, km, 0.1N,.W.09N, 0.1E & X 7 79 days, km, 7.7N, 1.8E.09N, 0.1E & O days, 00 km, 9.N, 1.0E.09N, 0.1E & 00 days, 08 km, 9 8.7N, 1.E.0N, 0.0E & XD 0 10 days, 7 km, 1.1N, 1.1E.09N, 0.1E & O 7 days, km,.7n, 1.E.09N, 0.1E & O days, km, 10.19N, 1.1E.09N, 0.1E & O days, 8 km, 9 9.N, 1.0E.09N, 0.1E & O days, 81 km, 11 9.N, 1.1E.09N, 0.1E & X 77 1 days, km, 1º

35 Regulus regulus, Goldcrest (7) P79 Czech Republic, Prague A790 Denmark, Copenhagen Estonia, atsalu XX1810 Lithuania, LE981 Poland, Gdansk RK Sweden, Stockholm Z00 Sweden, Stockholm icedula albicollis, Collared lycatcher (1) CC707 Sweden, Stockholm icedula hypoleuca, Pied lycatcher (1) 1719 Estonia, atsalu Aegithalos caudatus, Long-tailed Tit (1) Estonia, atsalu Czech Republic, Padubice, Rohovladova Bela Russia, ringilla Denmark, Bornholm, Cristianso Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Poland, Gdansk, Hel Sweden, Södermanland, Bredmar/ Byn, Landsort Russia, ringilla Sweden, Öland, Ottenby Russia, ringilla Sweden, Gotland, Valleviken Russia, ringilla Estonia, Pärnu, Rabaküla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla 0.0N, 1.E.0N, 0.E & VD days, km,.19n, 1.1E.0N, 0.E & VD 17 days, km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & RZ days, 98 km, 1.7N, 1.0E.0N, 0.E & VD day, km, 07.N, 18.8E.09N, 0.1E & VD 8 days, 18 km, 7 8.N, 17.E.0N, 0.E & VD days, km, 17.1N, 1.E.0N, 0.E & RZ days, 99 km, N, 18.7E.0N, 0.E & VD days, 19 km, N,.1E.0N, 0.E & RZ days, 19 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VS days, 98 km, 1

36 8 Avian Ecology and Behaviour XB19 Estonia, atsalu XB19 Estonia, atsalu XB19 Estonia, atsalu XB19 Estonia, atsalu XB197 Estonia, atsalu XB198 Estonia, atsalu XB199 Estonia, atsalu XB00 Estonia, atsalu XB111 Estonia, atsalu XB11 Estonia, atsalu XB11 Estonia, atsalu XB11 Estonia, atsalu XB11 Estonia, atsalu XB1 Estonia, atsalu XB1 Estonia, atsalu Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla 8.01N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD 79 1 days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD 79 1 days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD 79 1 days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD 79 1 days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD 79 1 days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD days, 98 km, 1

37 XB80 Estonia, atsalu XB7 Estonia, atsalu XB98 Estonia, atsalu XB99 Estonia, atsalu XB99 Estonia, atsalu XB99 Estonia, atsalu XB91 Estonia, atsalu XB980 Estonia, atsalu XB98 Estonia, atsalu XB98 Estonia, atsalu XB989 Estonia, atsalu XB991 Estonia, atsalu XB99 Estonia, atsalu XB91 Estonia, atsalu XB9 Estonia, atsalu Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla 8.01N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD 89 1 days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD 81 1 days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD 90 1 days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD 1 11 days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD 0 11 days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD 0 11 days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD 01 9 days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD 7 1 days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD 7 1 days, 98 km, 1

38 8 Avian Ecology and Behaviour XB98 Estonia, atsalu XB9 Estonia, atsalu XB0 Estonia, atsalu XB990 Estonia, atsalu 88 Latvia, Riga 8907 Latvia, Riga 8900 Latvia, Riga 891 Latvia, Riga 8911 Latvia, Riga 891 Latvia, Riga 891 Latvia, Riga 917 Latvia, Riga 918 Latvia, Riga 90 Latvia, Riga 9 Latvia, Riga Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Latvia, Liepaja, Pape Russia, ringilla Latvia, Liepaja, Pape Russia, ringilla Latvia, Liepaja, Pape Russia, ringilla Latvia, Liepaja, Pape Russia, ringilla Latvia, Liepaja, Pape Russia, ringilla Latvia, Liepaja, Pape Russia, ringilla Latvia, Liepaja, Pape Russia, ringilla Latvia, Liepaja, Pape Russia, ringilla Latvia, Liepaja, Pape Russia, ringilla Latvia, Liepaja, Pape Russia, ringilla Latvia, Liepaja, Pape Russia, ringilla 8.01N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD 71 1 days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD 1 days, 98 km, N,.7E.0N, 0.E & VD days, 98 km, N,.7E.09N, 0.1E & VD 798 days, 87 km, 1.11N, 1.0E.0N, 0.E & VD 0 days, 1 km, N, 1.0E.0N, 0.E & VD 9 days, 1 km, N, 1.0E.0N, 0.E & VD 9 days, 1 km, N, 1.0E.0N, 0.E & VD 09 days, 1 km, N, 1.0E.0N, 0.E & VD 09 days, 1 km, N, 1.0E.0N, 0.E & VD 980 days, 1 km, N, 1.0E.0N, 0.E & VD 979 days, 1 km, N, 1.0E.0N, 0.E & VD 7997 days, 1 km, N, 1.0E.0N, 0.E & VD 797 days, 1 km, N, 1.0E.0N, 0.E & VD 7991 days, 1 km, N, 1.0E.0N, 0.E & VD 799 days, 1 km, 189

39 XP0991 Lithuania, XP1987 Lithuania, XP10 Lithuania, XP17 Lithuania, XP119 Lithuania, XP170 Lithuania, XP177 Lithuania, XP1770 Lithuania, XP1777 Lithuania, XP1790 Lithuania, XP180 Lithuania, XP1800 Lithuania, XP180 Lithuania, XP18090 Lithuania, XP18989 Lithuania, Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla Russia, ringilla.1n, 1.1E.09N, 0.1E & VD days, km,.1n, 1.1E.0N, 0.E & VD 70 days, km,.1n, 1.1E.0N, 0.E & VD 1 days, km,.1n, 1.1E.0N, 0.E & VD 0 days, km,.1n, 1.1E.0N, 0.E & VD 71 days, km,.1n, 1.1E.0N, 0.E & VD day, km,.1n, 1.1E.0N, 0.E & VD 98 days, km,.1n, 1.1E.0N, 0.E & VD 9 days, km,.1n, 1.1E.0N, 0.E & VD 99 days, km,.1n, 1.1E.0N, 0.E & VD 909 days, km,.1n, 1.1E.0N, 0.E & VD 7017 days, km,.1n, 1.1E.0N, 0.E & VD 70 days, km,.1n, 1.1E.0N, 0.E & VD 7079 days, km,.1n, 1.1E.0N, 0.E & VD 70 days, km,.1n, 1.1E.0N, 0.E & VD days, km,