REFUSE DISPOSAL PATTERNS

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3 REFUSE DISPOSAL PATTERNS Brunswick Town, NC in the 1700 s The Brunswick Pattern refers to the tendency for entrances and exits of buildings to have concentrations of waste nearby. The theory is that it was common to dispose of some types of secondary refuse (waste not created where it is disposed) by throwing out of the door to form Adjacent Secondary Refuse in close proximity to a structure, as opposed to - Peripheral Secondary Rufuse which is located further away from living structures and have a higher bone ratio in the refuse.

4 IMPLEMENTATION Some key things brought up Refuse disposed of in the yard will not remain forever untouched It will likely accumulate in concentration over time, but it will also be disturbed, scattered, looted by people and animals, weather, etc

5 LAW LIKE GENERALIZATION On British-American sites of the 18th century a concentrated refuse deposit will be found at the points of entrance and exit in dwellings, shops, and military fortifications.

6 IMPLEMENTATION This pattern was so firmly established that it points of entry and exit could be determined at archaeological sites where there was no indication of former structures. This is a dangerous way to go about utilizing predictive models: stating a broad theory based on the evidence gathered from one site, and then instead of bolstering this theory with evidence from other sources, using the theory to create evidence.

7 IMPLEMENTATION Paca House in MD: predictions were made based on the pattern, and excavation held them to be correct Charles Towne, SC: the model was used to predict where the gateway was, and this was used to infer where the road was. This was not verified! They did not excavate! And yet it is presented as a successful implementation of this rule!!! Fort Moultrie, SC: initial excavations revealed the moat to the fort (which is awesome), and a large midden concentration suggested the location of the gate Architectural plans were used to verify that it was indeed the location of the gate

8 BRDP DERIVED FROM EXCAVATIONS Three Brunswick Excavations: Nath Moore s house (1958) The Hepburn Reonalds house (1959) Public House / Tailor Shop (1960)

9 THE HEPBURN REONALDS HOUSE

10 THE HEPBURN REONALDS HOUSE The Brunswick pattern seems to hold for ceramics, but not other artifacts Ceramic distribution was noted to be heavily concentrated around the NW corner of the house at the end of the brick patio. There was also a dense concentration around a sunken public entranceway on the street.

11 THE HEPBURN REONALDS HOUSE Ceramic distribution

12 THE HEPBURN REONALDS HOUSE Nail distribution was similar to ceramics for the NW corner, but not the sunken entranceway A note is made concerning the distribution of nails as relating to the architecture of the structure. One could not make predictions about where nails might be deposited, as it will vary from house to house. Wine bottle and tobacco pipe fragments were found to be relatively evenly distributed. There were many more wine bottles atop the burned fragments of the house, suggesting people tossed their garbage on it after it burnt down Other objects, like tailoring implements & bone were more scarce and evenly distributed. Bone was pretty rare, but this makes sense, as most intelligent people don't throw food scraps right outside their door

13 THE HEPBURN REONALDS HOUSE Wine bottle & Tobacco Pipe Fragments

14 NATH MOORE'S FRONT Ceramic distribution revealed a concentration near the east of the back door and at the south entrance There is also a high concentration atop the burned layer, of a style indicative of later on There is also a concentration in the trench extending to the street The trench was likely an excellent place to chunk ceramics Wine bottle and pipe fragments are again relatively uniform

15 NATE MOORE HOUSE

16 NATE MOORE HOUSE -

17 NATE MOORE HOUSE

18 PUBLIC HOUSE / TAILOR SHOP This is a row style building built against the wall of the lot. The heaviest concentration was just over the wall. Most of the garbage therefore was chucked over the wall into the adjacent lot. Heavy concentrations were found in the southeast corner of the newer rooms, implying that waste had been discarded there before the construction of the eastern rooms. This is the most useful use of this type of quantitative analysis; using the concentrations and their time periods, the ceramic concentrations helped verify the supposition that the eastern most two rooms had been built as an

19 PUBLIC HOUSE / TAILOR SHOP There was also a heavy concentration at the rear of the fourth room, along with some cobble stones, suggesting an entrance. Pin & bead concentration was very dense in all but room 6, suggesting that room 6 might have been used to sell the items tailored in the other rooms The rest of the items were found to be in highest concentration in the areas

20 PUBLIC HOUSE / TAILOR SHOP -CERAMICS

21 PUBLIC HOUSE / TAILOR SHOP TOBACCO PIPES

22 PUBLIC HOUSE / TAILOR SHOP WINE BOTTLES

23 PUBLIC HOUSE / TAILOR SHOP- PINS & BEADS

24 PUBLIC HOUSE / TAILOR SHOP-TAILORING ITEMS

25 PUBLIC HOUSE / TAILOR SHOP- BONE

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27 WHAT IS THE CAROLINA ARTIFACT PATTERN?.Basic Premise is: each household in an 18 th century British Coloinal society represents a system within a much larger system of complex variables, with the larger system imposing on each household a degree of uniformity pg. 86 The by-products from some of these activities can be seen archaeologically in a patterned and predictable manner. Not based on provenience within the site, it is based just on the count of artifacts in selected groups found in a given site or evern several sites within a region.

28 THE IDEA British colonial behavior should reveal regularities in patterning in the archaeological record from these sites Specialized behavioral activities should reveal contrasting patterns These patterns will be recognized through quantification of the behavioral byproducts which form the archaeological

29 SITES British Colonial ca ca North and South Carolina Costal and inland sites Domestic occupations Military occupations Domestic and specialized activities

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32 TAILOR SHOP- PUBLIC HOUSE (S25) BRUNSWICK TOWN ca room row house, public house or inn prior to Burned in 1776 Complete excavation -1960

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36 ARTIFACT CLASSIFICATION

37 ADJUSTMENTS

38 CAROLINA ARTIFACT PATTERN

39 TESTING THE CAROLINA PATTERN TO SIGNAL HILL, NEW FOUNDLAND 2 ruins Lower Queen s Battery Structure 11 Slightly different artifact classes Minor adjustments Excavated (Jelks)

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43 FRONTIER ARTIFACT PATTERN

44 ADJUSTMENTS TO FRONTIER PATTERN

45 COMPARISON OF FRONTIER PATTERN TO THE CAROLINA ARTIFACT PATTERN C A R O L I N A P A T T E R N

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