LET S REVIEW CHAPTER 12. Study your notes from ALL of chapter 12 (two pages) and your two reading checks.

Transcription

1 LET S REVIEW CHAPTER 12 Study your notes from ALL of chapter 12 (two pages) and your two reading checks.

2 In the mid-1800s, most of America s industry was located in the A) Northeast. B) South C) West.

3 In the mid-1800s, most of America s industry was located in the A) Northeast. B) South C) West.

4 The efficient production of large numbers of identical goods is called.

5 The efficient production of large numbers of identical goods is called. Mass production

6 Products with are made from pieces that are exactly the same.

7 Products with are made from pieces that are exactly the same. Interchangeable parts

8 People began looking for ways to use machines to make items quickly and efficiently, thus leading to the.

9 People began looking for ways to use machines to make items quickly and efficiently, thus leading to the. Industrial Revolution

10 What was a trade union? A) organization of workers who tried to improve pay and working conditions for members B) collection of workers who appealed to the courts and police for assistance against employers C) group of workers who arrived from poor countries and were willing to work for low pay

11 What was a trade union? A) organization of workers who tried to improve pay and working conditions for members B) collection of workers who appealed to the courts and police for assistance against employers C) group of workers who arrived from poor countries and were willing to work for low pay

12 The Industrial Revolution is best defined as a A) period of rapid growth during which machines became essential to industry. B) series of explosive encounters between workers and wealthy factory owners. C) time of great excitement about mechanical approaches to controlling Nature.

13 The Industrial Revolution is best defined as a A) period of rapid growth during which machines became essential to industry. B) series of explosive encounters between workers and wealthy factory owners. C) time of great excitement about mechanical approaches to controlling Nature.

14 How did the water frame revolutionize the production of cloth? A) It increased the number of threads the home spinner could work with. B) It increased the pace of production in textile mills but made cloth more costly. C) It shifted the location of production from homes to textile mills. D) It raised the level of quality of home-spun cloth.

15 How did the water frame revolutionize the production of cloth? A) It increased the number of threads the home spinner could work with. B) It increased the pace of production in textile mills but made cloth more costly. C) It shifted the location of production from homes to textile mills. D) It raised the level of quality of home-spun cloth.

16 Gibbons v. Ogden was a Supreme Court case about which of the following? A) interstate trade B) states rights C) travel licenses

17 Gibbons v. Ogden was a Supreme Court case about which of the following? A) interstate trade- it stated the federal government trade licenses were higher than the state licenses B) states rights C) travel licenses

18 The Transportation Revolution was a period of A) rebellion against foreign countries use of American shipping lanes. B) economic depression brought on by inferior modes of travel. C) rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel

19 The Transportation Revolution was a period of A) rebellion against foreign countries use of American shipping lanes. B) economic depression brought on by inferior modes of travel. C) rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel

20 Who was Richard Arkwright? A) inventor of the water frame B) American mechanic and entrepreneur C) inventor of the spinning jenny

21 Who was Richard Arkwright? A) inventor of the water frame B) American mechanic and entrepreneur C) inventor of the spinning jenny

22 Two new forms of transportation invented during the Transportation Revolution were the A)steam-powered train and the steamboat. B) horse-drawn railcar and the motorboat. C)covered wagon and the sailboat.

23 Two new forms of transportation invented during the Transportation Revolution were the A)steam-powered train and the steamboat. B) horse-drawn railcar and the motorboat. C)covered wagon and the sailboat.

24 The tools used to produce items or to do work are called.

25 The tools used to produce items or to do work are called. technology

26 Inventor came up with the idea of using interchangeable parts.

27 Inventor came up with the idea of using interchangeable parts. Eli Whitney

28 The first important breakthrough of the Industrial Revolution took place in how, or cloth items, were made.

29 The first important breakthrough of the Industrial Revolution took place in how, or cloth items, were made. textiles

30 Who was the man responsible for bringing new textile machines to the United States? A) Samuel Slater B) James Hargreaves C) Richard Arkwright

31 Who was the man responsible for bringing new textile machines to the United States? A) Samuel Slater B) James Hargreaves C) Richard Arkwright

32 John Deere came up with the idea for a/an A) iron plow. B) steel plow. C) wood plow.

33 John Deere came up with the idea for a/an A) iron plow. B) steel plow. C) wood plow.

34 What main benefit did the Transportation Revolution bring to trade? A)It provided more jobs for American workers. B) It enabled goods to travel quickly across the United States. C)It made the public more interested in cross-country travel.

35 What main benefit did the Transportation Revolution bring to trade? A)It provided more jobs for American workers. B) It enabled goods to travel quickly across the United States. C)It made the public more interested in cross-country travel.

36 Why were more American textile mills built in the North than in the South? A) The South charged higher taxes on industry. B) The North had more rivers to provide power. C) The North attracted skilled English immigrants.

37 Why were more American textile mills built in the North than in the South? A) The South charged higher taxes on industry. B) The North had more rivers to provide power. C) The North attracted skilled English immigrants.

38 The mechanical reaper, a machine that quickly cuts down wheat, was invented by A) Cyrus McCormick. B) John Deere. C) Eli Whitney.

39 The mechanical reaper, a machine that quickly cuts down wheat, was invented by A) Cyrus McCormick. B) John Deere. C) Eli Whitney.

40 Englishman invented a large spinning machine, called the water frame, that ran on water power, while was a skilled British mechanic who knew how to build the new textile machines.

41 Englishman Richard Arkwright invented a large spinning machine, called the water frame, that ran on water power, while Samuel Slater was a skilled British mechanic who knew how to build the new textile machines.

42 What did the Supreme Court decide in the case of Gibbons v. Ogden? A)Aaron Ogden could monopolize the steamboat business in New York. B) Thomas Gibbons federal license had priority over Aaron Ogden s state license. C)Travel licenses had to be granted by the federal government to be legitimate.

43 What did the Supreme Court decide in the case of Gibbons v. Ogden? A)Aaron Ogden could monopolize the steamboat business in New York. B) Thomas Gibbons federal license had priority over Aaron Ogden s state license. C)Travel licenses had to be granted by the federal government to be legitimate.

44 was a businessman from New England whose mills used a loom that could both spin thread and weave cloth in the same mill.

45 Francis Cabot Lowell was a businessman from New England whose mills used a loom that could both spin thread and weave cloth in the same mill.

46 What challenges did engineers and mechanics face while building railroads? A)The American public was not interested in railroads. B) The railroads had to pass through mountains and rivers. C)Locomotives usually broke down before arriving at their destinations.

47 What challenges did engineers and mechanics face while building railroads? A)The American public was not interested in railroads. B) The railroads had to pass through mountains and rivers. C)Locomotives usually broke down before arriving at their destinations.

48 Workers on refuse to work until their employers meet their demands.

49 Workers on refuse to work until their employers meet their demands. strike

50 The tools used to produce items or to do work are known as A) interchangeable parts. B) mass production. C) technology.

51 The tools used to produce items or to do work are known as A) interchangeable parts. B) mass production. C) technology.

52 How did the inventions of the plow and the reaper help the farming industry? A) They allowed customers to buy on credit. B) They caused cities to become the center of industrial growth. C) They allowed farmers to plant and harvest huge crop fields.

53 How did the inventions of the plow and the reaper help the farming industry? A) They allowed customers to buy on credit. B) They caused cities to become the center of industrial growth. C) They allowed farmers to plant and harvest huge crop fields.

54 Mill owners advertised for Men with growing families wanted in support of the system.

55 Mill owners advertised for Men with growing families wanted in support of the Rhode Island system.

56 How did the Transportation Revolution affect America s farming industry? A)Settlers plowed up prairies and cut down trees to make farmland out of the Midwest. B) Farmers were forced to sell their New England farms to logging companies that needed to plant trees. C)Farmers were required to give up portions of their fields out West to make way for new railroad lines.

57 How did the Transportation Revolution affect America s farming industry? A)Settlers plowed up prairies and cut down trees to make farmland out of the Midwest. B) Farmers were forced to sell their New England farms to logging companies that needed to plant trees. C)Farmers were required to give up portions of their fields out West to make way for new railroad lines.

58 What was Eli Whitney s influence on American manufacturing? A) He designed a way to produce inexpensive clocks. B) He served as President Adams secretary of war. C) He came up with the idea of interchangeable parts.

59 What was Eli Whitney s influence on American manufacturing? A) He designed a way to produce inexpensive clocks. B) He served as President Adams secretary of war. C) He came up with the idea of interchangeable parts.

60 Coal was a more appealing fuel source than wood because it A) burned more cleanly. B) produced more energy. C) was easier to obtain.

61 Coal was a more appealing fuel source than wood because it A) burned more cleanly. B) produced more energy. C) was easier to obtain.

62 By 1860, Isaac Singer s company was the world s largest maker of A) clocks. B) sewing machines. C) safety pins.

63 By 1860, Isaac Singer s company was the world s largest maker of A) clocks. B) sewing machines. C) safety pins.

64 How did the War of 1812 help American manufacturing? A) The government built factories to produce needed uniforms and weapons. B) Tariffs on foreign goods encouraged Americans to buy domestic goods. C) Foreign goods became too expensive so politicians placed tariffs on them.

65 How did the War of 1812 help American manufacturing? A) The government built factories to produce needed uniforms and weapons. B) Tariffs on foreign goods encouraged Americans to buy domestic goods. C) Foreign goods became too expensive so politicians placed tariffs on them.

66 Why were changes to manufacturing needed in the mid-1700s? A) Factory owners were not satisfied with the size of their profits. B) Demand was greater than the available supply of goods. C) Workers were not satisfied with the level of their daily wages.

67 Why were changes to manufacturing needed in the mid-1700s? A) Factory owners were not satisfied with the size of their profits. B) Demand was greater than the available supply of goods. C) Workers were not satisfied with the level of their daily wages.

68 During the Transportation Revolution, replaced wood as the main source of power.

69 During the Transportation Revolution, coal replaced wood as the main source of power.

70 designed the first full-sized commercial steamboat, called the, in the United States.

71 Robert Fulton designed the first full-sized commercial steamboat, called the Clermont, in the United States.

72 What did textile manufacturers do to keep the costs of running a mill low? A) cut back on the maintenance of machinery B) hired children and paid them very little C) trained apprentices in exchange for decades of labor

73 What did textile manufacturers do to keep the costs of running a mill low? A) cut back on the maintenance of machinery B) hired children and paid them very little C) trained apprentices in exchange for decades of labor

74 In the mid-1800s, companies began to massproduce earlier inventions. What effect did this have on families? A) They could buy items they could not afford in the past. B) They could store fresh food safely for longer periods. C) Their everyday lives became more complicated.

75 In the mid-1800s, companies began to massproduce earlier inventions. What effect did this have on families? A) They could buy items they could not afford in the past. B) They could store fresh food safely for longer periods. C) Their everyday lives became more complicated.

76 Why was the steamboat well suited to river travel? A) It traveled well upstream. B) It was helped by the current. C) It relied on wind power.

77 Why was the steamboat well suited to river travel? A) It traveled well upstream. B) It was helped by the current. C) It relied on wind power.

78 The Rhode Island system was Samuel Slater s strategy of A) hiring families of workers and dividing factory work into simple tasks. B) paying workers in company-store credit and reinvesting cash in the business. C) building houses for workers in exchange for the promise of company loyalty.

79 The Rhode Island system was Samuel Slater s strategy of A) hiring families of workers and dividing factory work into simple tasks. B) paying workers in company-store credit and reinvesting cash in the business. C) building houses for workers in exchange for the promise of company loyalty.

80 The locomotive, built by, started an interest in railroads in the United States.

81 The locomotive Tom Thumb, built by Peter Cooper, started an interest in railroads in the United States.

82 A period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel is called the.

83 A period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel is called the Transportation Revolution.

84 Why could newer factories be built almost anywhere?

85 Why could newer factories be built almost anywhere? Because they now used steam engines to run the equipment, you didn t need to be close to a river anymore.

86 Where were most new factories built? Why?

87 Where were most new factories built? Why? They were built close to cities because that is where all of the potential workers were living.

88 Why did locomotives make a powerful impression on passengers? A)The trains constantly flew off the railroad tracks. B) The trains traveled faster than most people had ever gone. C)Trains were a safer mode of transportation than horse-drawn wagons.

89 Why did locomotives make a powerful impression on passengers? A)The trains constantly flew off the railroad tracks. B) The trains traveled faster than most people had ever gone. C)Trains were a safer mode of transportation than horse-drawn wagons.

90 What happened to workers in the textile industry as a result of Francis Cabot Lowell s introduction of a new system? A) Many mill workers were laid off because Lowell s power loom did the work of two different types of machine. B) Investors were hesitant to provide financial support because they did not believe that the power loom would be successful. C) More women became mill workers because of the opportunity to earn better wages than most available jobs.

91 What happened to workers in the textile industry as a result of Francis Cabot Lowell s introduction of a new system? A) Many mill workers were laid off because Lowell s power loom did the work of two different types of machine. B) Investors were hesitant to provide financial support because they did not believe that the power loom would be successful. C) More women became mill workers because of the opportunity to earn better wages than most available jobs.

92 The telegraph was significant because it A)enabled people to send news quickly from coast to coast. B) led to the invention of the railroad system. C)benefited from the work of international scientists.

93 The telegraph was significant because it A)enabled people to send news quickly from coast to coast. B) led to the invention of the railroad system. C)benefited from the work of international scientists.

94 Which statement best describes working conditions at the mills? A) Workers were fired after a single absence, forcing replacements to operate machinery they were not properly trained to use. B) Each worker was free to choose the time at which the workday began so long as 8 to 10 hours of work a day were completed. C) Workers suffered from health problems, such as chronic cough, due to unsafe conditions.

95 Which statement best describes working conditions at the mills? A) Workers were fired after a single absence, forcing replacements to operate machinery they were not properly trained to use. B) Each worker was free to choose the time at which the workday began so long as 8 to 10 hours of work a day were completed. C) Workers suffered from health problems, such as chronic cough, due to unsafe conditions.

96 What communication system, featuring different combinations of dots and dashes to represent letters, was developed by Alfred Lewis Vail? A) the Vail System B) telegraph method C) Morse code

97 What communication system, featuring different combinations of dots and dashes to represent letters, was developed by Alfred Lewis Vail? A) the Vail System B) telegraph method C) Morse code

98 Who was Sarah G. Bagley? A) She set the record for time spent by a Lowell girl in the original Waltham textile mill. B) She fought to bring the 10-hour working day of public employees to private business employees. C) She banned from the labor movement any worker who contracted to work longer hours.

99 Who was Sarah G. Bagley? A) She set the record for time spent by a Lowell girl in the original Waltham textile mill. B) She fought to bring the 10-hour working day of public employees to private business employees. C) She banned from the labor movement any worker who contracted to work longer hours.

100 The was responsible for shifting the location of cloth production from homes to mills. (assembly line/water frame)

101 The was responsible for shifting the location of cloth production from homes to mills. (assembly line/water frame)

102 While the system depended on hiring families to work in the mills, the system depended on hiring young, unmarried women from local farms. Rhode Island, Lowell or Lowell, Rhode Island

103 While the system depended on hiring families to work in the mills, the system depended on hiring young, unmarried women from local farms. Rhode Island, Lowell

104 The first breakthroughs of the Industrial Revolution changed how were made. (ships/textiles)

105 The first breakthroughs of the Industrial Revolution changed how were made. (ships/textiles)

106 A was an organization of workers with a specific skill or from a single factory who tried to improve pay and working conditions for members. (trade union/guild)

107 A was an organization of workers with a specific skill or from a single factory who tried to improve pay and working conditions for members. (trade union / guild)

108 The was responsible for shifting the location of cloth production from homes to mills. (assembly line/water frame) While the system depended on hiring families to work in the mills, the system depended on hiring young, unmarried women from local farms. (Rhode Island, Lowell/Lowell, Rhode Island) The first breakthroughs of the Industrial Revolution changed how were made. (ships/textiles) A was an organization of workers with a specific skill or from a single factory who tried to improve pay and working conditions for members. (trade union/guild)