Human Factors Integration

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1 Human Factors Integration A Systems Engineering Risk RC Cummings

2 Agenda Introduction to Human Factors Human Factors Integration Process Barriers to Human Factors Integration Pathway to Success

3 Introduction to Human Factors

4 What is Human Factors? Human Factors The study of human capabilities and limitations, human interactions with technologies and environments, and the application of this knowledge to products, processes and environments. Human Factors Integration: A systematic process for identifying, tracking, and resolving human-related issues ensuring a balanced development of both technologies and human aspects of capability

5 Human Factors Integration Process Decisions on Requirements Decisions on Definition Decisions on Implementation UNDERSTAND VIEWPOINTS Viewpoint Objectives ESTABLISH THE SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS System Requirements DESIGN & DEFINE SYSTEM System Definition DEVELOP SYSTEM System Implementation ASSESS SYSTEM This may look like the Systems Engineering Process. HFI is part of the Systems Engineering Process!!

6 Barriers to HFI Involvement Early and continued involvement is critical Early Human Factors Analysis (EHFA) Involvement throughout the requirements management process HFE is not just a detailed design activity User Centred Design must be considered from the earliest opportunity

7 Smart Requirements Model Barriers to HFI Involvement Identify User Requirements Verification Process Acceptance Into Service Specify System Requirements Acceptance Criteria System Acceptance Integration into Operational Environment Trade Offs System Integration Feedback on Cost, Risk, Feasibility & Time People Develop System Support Equipment

8 Barriers to HFI - Isolation Isolation from the systems engineering process Integration of the systems engineering and HFI planning processes Integration into the systems engineering team Consideration within requirements trade offs Without integration HF becomes a reactive process

9 Barriers to HFI - Communication Lines of communication within teams Team structure Human Factors Integration Working Group (HFIWG) Identified Points of Contact (PoC) Collaborative use of tools and data Linkage of analyses Involvement of the User Management of stakeholders Requirements creep

10 Barriers to HFI - Understanding Need for HFI involvement HFI is not always explicitly contracted for Usability is assumed fit for purpose The process is iterative The value that HF can add and the potential cost of not considering HFI Weak assurance processes Tick the box A plan is worthless if it isn t integrated, implemented and managed

11 Barriers to Co-operation The User is not always defined within the system boundary HFE is an engineering discipline but The User is subject to significant variability HFE sometimes lacks metrics that requirements can be assessed against Full of compounding variables Requirements and acceptance criteria can be Intangible / subjective Requirements and perceptions can and do change over time Can rely on process and non-functional requirements

12 Pathway to Success HFI is a critical part of the Systems Engineering Process Effective HFI requires: Early, complete and close involvement to identify and address emerging design issues Integration within systems engineering teams Good communication paths HFI activities to be Integrated into the total systems engineering effort and not reduced into an ineffectual stove pipe

13 Questions

14 Acknowledgements Thanks to all the companies who provided support in compiling information for this presentation

15 Further Information Human Factors Integration Defence Standard available from People In Systems Through Life Capability Handbook - available from the HFI DTC website Barriers to HFI Paul Sirett, (2010), Barriers to successful human factors integration within the military domain. Contemporary Ergonomics, Taylor and Francis Newman, P Tatlock, K. (2004) Barriers & Enablers to HFI Final Review and recommendations, HFIDTC/WP3.1.4, Available through the HFIDTC website: Cost Benefit Analysis for HFI Cost Arguments and Evidence for Human Factors Integration (2006) Available through the HFIDTC website: Bruseberg, A (2009), Cost-Benefit Analysis for Human Factors Integration: A Practical Guide. HFI DTC/WP 2.7.2/3, Available through the HFIDTC website:

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