Active Viewing: 1877: The Grand Army of Starvation

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1 Active Viewing: 1877: The Grand Army of Starvation In this activity, you will watch a short clip from the ASHP documentary 1877: The Grand Army of Starvation to learn about the impact of railroad expansion on Americans and the nation as a whole. After watching the clip, you will complete the Technological Turning Points and their Impact worksheet in order to examine the positive and negative effects of the railroad. Essential Questions What was the impact of the railroad on the United States, including which people benefitted from it and which did not? How and why was the completion of the transcontinental railroad considered a major turning point? For what reasons did the railroad workers decide to go on strike in 1877.

2 Instructions 1. Step 1. Please locate the 1877 Viewer s Guide we will read the 3 paragraphs of text on page 1 under What was The Great Strike of 1877? You are going to watch a clip from a documentary about the causes of this national uprising. a. Please locate the 1877 Vocabulary list. 2. Step 2. We will view the first seven minutes of the film to provide an overview of the transcontinental railroad. In groups, think about two things; a. What is the overall tone of this documentary (ie. what is the attitude of this film towards the railroad during the Gilded Age?). b. Please locate the Technological Turning Points worksheet: Part I and Part II and in your groups (after viewing the excerpt), check off any of the effects that you think apply to the railroad. We will review as a class. 3. Step 3. I am going to play the remainder of the film, with the Viewers Guide pages interspersed as follows: a. Clip 7:00 to 19:50 b. Read p. 2-6 in Viewers Guide. c. Play Clip 3-19:50 to 24:30 d. Read p. 7-9 in Viewers Guide (using info from p. 4-7 in viewers guide, please complete 1877 Viewer s Guide: Close Reading Worksheet. e. Play Clip 4-24:30 to 29:00. f. P in Viewers Guide

3 TECHNOLOGICAL TURNINGPOINTS AND THEIR IMPACT Part I Use the following list to evaluate the impact of a particular kind of technology (eg. the railroad, the internet). Part 1: Identify the Effects Economic Effects Creates new jobs Eliminates some jobs Creates new industries or products Makes work faster, safe, and/or easier Creates big profits for owners + investors Social + Environmental Effects Makes communication, faster, cheaper and/or easier Makes transportation faster, cheaper, and/or easier Consumes lots of natural resources (eg. land, water, energy) Pollutes or harms the natural environment Endangers workers or consumers Creates social and/or economic inequality Creates leisure time Political Effects Receives assistance from federal or local government (eg. tax breaks, loans, favorable laws) Creates big businesses that influence government policies and elected officials Allows for greater participation in democracy Builds national pride

4 Part II: Analyze the Effects 1) What are the positive effects of this technology? 2) What are the negative effects of this technology? 3) Who benefits and who might be harmed?

5 1877 Viewer s Guide: Close Reading Worksheet Write down two details and describe one illustration (drawing/photo) from your reading (1877 Viewer s Guide pages 4-7) that help to answer each question. What was it like to work on the railroad? 1: How did railroads change American society? 1:

6 What happened during the Depression of ? 1: How did unions try to protect workers and solve their problems? 1:

7 1877: The Grand Army of Starvation Vocabulary (for chapters on "The Centennial Exposition" and "The Railroad") This is a vocabulary list for chapters on "The Centennial Exposition" and "The Railroad" in the 1877: The Grand Army of Starvation documentary. amassed: accumulated anvil: a heavy metal block used by blacksmiths to hammer out other metal brakeman: railroad worker who operates, repairs, or inspects train brakes centennial exposition: celebration to mark the 100th anniversary of America s Declaration of Independence corporate: having to do with large companies or big business cylindric: shaped like a tube dividends: money paid to people who own stock in a company domination: complete control emblem: a symbol of some idea or thing flocked: gathered in a group Great Uprising: national strike by 80,000 railroad workers, also known as the Great Strike of 1877 manipulated: controlled or influenced, usually to one s own benefit militia: military force of civilians that supports regular army, especially in an emergency resilience: the ability to recover quickly from illness or misfortune sultry: hot and damp spike: large nail used to construct railroad tracks territorial expansion: adding new lands to an existing country, often by force transcontinental railroad: a railroad that crosses and connects a continent

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