Beginning the DBQ: Part 1: FOR

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1 Beginning the DBQ: Part 1: FOR Your Task: You have been assigned a position. This means that no matter your personal opinion, you must argue in favor of the position you have been assigned. Your Position: The economic growth that occurred during the second industrial revolution confirms the superiority of the American System. Industrialization was a great thing. Primary Source #16: Economic Development Introduction: The Industrial Revolution of the late 1800 s transformed humanity s age-old struggle with material scarcity by using capital (money for investment), technology, resources, and management (how to organize production) to expand the production of goods and services dramatically (a lot). To help you analyze the data below: The GNP (Gross National Product)--the total value of goods produced and services provided by a country during one year. PerCapita--per person. Rural--living in the country. Urban-- living in the city. Infant Mortality Rate--infant deathrate: the death rate during the first year of life & GNP % of US Population Infant mortality High school graduates Telephone usage Year (Per rate (deaths (% of 17 year (number of capita) Rural Urban under 1 olds who have telephones year of age per 1000) a diploma) for every 1000 people) 1870 $531 74% 26% 170 2% $744 72% 28% % $836 65% 35% % $ % 40% % $ % 46% 117 9% Examining the Evidence. Examine column's 2-7 (a column is vertical, or up and down). What do you notice about each column? (remember--what you notice are the 100% verifiable facts--very little, if any, interpretation). I have done column 2 as an example. Continue with the other columns. Column 2: I notice that between 1870 and 1910 the total value of goods and services produced by the United States has gone up $768 per person. Column 3 and 4: I notice that... Column 5:I notice that... Column 6: I notice that... Column 7: I notice that Drawing (making) Inferences. Draw an inference (a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning) for each column. I have done the first one for you. Complete your speculations for the other columns.

2 Column 1: I speculate that the value of goods and services produced by the United States has gone up by $768 person between 1870 and 1910 because labor saving machines and factories have allowed less people to make more stuff. Column 2: I speculate... Column 3: I speculate... Column 4 & 5: I speculate... Column 6: I speculate... Column 7: I speculate... Column 8: I speculate What does this graph, overall, tell you about the Industrial Revolution? 4. What, if any, 'type' of information seems to be missing from this chart? What might this tell you about the person who constructed this chart? Primary Source #17: Innovation Prolific inventor (made lots of inventions) Thomas Alva Edison ( ) had a profound (big) impact on modern life. In his lifetime, the "Wizard of Menlo Park (this is where he worked) patented (a patent means that no one else can produce or sell that item without the patent holders permission)1,093 inventions. Edison managed to become not only a renowned inventor, but also a prominent manufacturer and businessman through the merchandising of his inventions. Invented by Thomas Edison (or his company): 1868 Vote Recorder 1869 Printing Telegraph 1869 Stock Ticker 1872 Automatic Telegraph 1876 Electric Pen 1877 Carbon Telephone Transmitter 1877 Phonograph 1879 Dynamo 1879 Incandescent Electric Lamp 1881 Electric Motor 1886 Talking Doll 1897 Projecting Kinetoscope Caption: I want a phonograph in every - Thomas Edison American home 5. Select two inventions from above. Use a computer to look up what it is if you do not know. Tell me about each invention. 6. Explain why/how the inventions are important to the industrial revolution. 7. What is a patent?

3 8. Explain why patents are so important to the industrial revolution and economic development? 9. Why is innovation (developing new technology and techniques) so important to the industrial revolution? Primary Source #18: Production Process Henry Ford was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. Ford did not invent the automobile, but he developed and manufactured the first automobile that many middle class Americans could afford to buy. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry. Excerpt from The First Assembly Line, an essay by Henry Ford, Colbert, David, ed. Eyewitness to America. New York: Pantheon Books, 1997, pp A Ford car contains about five thousand parts that is counting screws, nuts, and all. Some of the parts are fairly bulky and others are almost the size of watch parts. In our first assembling we simply started to put a car together at a spot on the floor and workmen brought to it the parts as they were needed in exactly the same way that one builds a house. When we started to make parts it was natural to create a single department of the factory to make that part, but usually one workman performed all of the operations necessary on a small part. The rapid press of production made it necessary to devise plans of production that would avoid having the workers falling over one another. The first step forward in assembly came when we began taking the work to the men instead of the men to the work. We now have two general principles in all operations that a man shall never have to take more than one step, if possibly it can be avoided, and that no man need ever stoop over. In short, the result is this: by the aid of scientific study one man is now able to do somewhat more than four did only a comparatively few years ago. That line established the efficiency of the method and we now use it everywhere. The assembling of the motor, formerly done by one man, is now divided into eighty-four operations those men do the work that three times their number formerly did. 10. What methods of production did the Ford Motor Co. use before the advent of the assembly line? 11. In your own words, what were Ford s 3 principles of assembly? 12. What precautions did Ford take before making any changes in his factory? 13. What were 3 things that Ford wanted to reduce in his workers? 14. Why did Ford decide to use the Assembly line? 15. Why is the assembly line so important to the Industrial Revolution? 16. Who is Ford? Think about his gender, race, background, economic class. How might this impact/bias his account/views. Primary Source #19: Leisure Time Background: The industrial revolution led to the rise of leisure time. Leisure, or free time, is time spent away from business, work, and domestic chores. It also excludes time spent on necessary activities such as sleeping and school. The industrial revolution made leisure time possible because of labor Labor-saving devices invented and produced using mass production. This freed up people both at work (less labor to make more stuff) and at home (less time to do household chores). This also involved the "birth of the weekend." Sunday was traditionally viewed as a day off but Saturday would later be added.

4 17. According to "The Working Man's Companion" why does the industrial revolution make life better? Primary source: John H. Rauch, M.D., Public Parks: Their Effects upon the Moral, Physical and Sanitary Condition of the Inhabitants of Large Cities, with special reference to the City of Chicago, The moral influence of parks is decided. Man is brought in contact with nature, is taken away from the artificial conditions in which he lives in cities; and such associations exercise a vast influence for good. In the Central Park, only 568 arrests have been made, and these of a trivial character, out of 30,731,847 visitors... By creating them, we take many away from other and worse places, and thus do much toward encouraging the young in habits of sobriety and temperance Why does Rauch believe that public parks are important? 19. Why do you think people may want to visit the park? 20. What makes visiting the park possible? 21. How did the Industrial Revolution make mass leisure possible? Primary Source #20 Document 4: An excerpt from Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth, A Scottish immigrant, Carnegie once worked as a telegraph boy for $2.50 per week. Selfeducated, he rose through a series of jobs in the railroad and iron foundry business to the presidency of the Carnegie Company, a business he sold for $250 million in gold bonds when he retired In During his lifetime Carnegie donated about $350 million to various charitable causes, and he was largely responsible for the development of free public libraries.... The law of competition... It is here; we cannot evade it; no substitutes for it have been found; and while the law may be sometimes hard for the individual, it is best for the race, because it insures the survival of the fittest in every department. We accept and welcome, therefore, as conditions to which we must accommodate ourselves, great inequality of environment, the concentration of business, industrial and commercial, in the hands of a few, and the law of competition between these, as being not only beneficial, but essential for the future progress of the race. Thus is the problem of Rich and Poor to be solved. The laws of accumulation will be left free; the laws of distribution free. Individualism will continue, but the millionaire will be but a trustee for the poor; intrusted for a season with a great part of the increased wealth of the community, but administering it for the community far better than it could or would have done for itself. Such, in my opinion, is the true Gospel concerning Wealth, obedience to which is destined some day to solve the problem of the Rich and the Poor, and to bring "Peace on earth, among men Good-Will."

5 22. What is Social Darwinism? Explain. 23. What is individualism? Explain. 24. What was Carnegie's attitude about the accumulation of wealth and power (some people having a lot and a lot of people having a little) in the hands of the rich? 25. According to Carnegie, how can the problems of poverty be solved? 26. Who was Andrew Carnegie and how might his background impact/bias his views? Primary Source #21 In those years after the Civil War, a man named Russell Conwell, a graduate of Yale Law School, a minister, and author of best-selling books, gave the same lecture, "Acres of Diamonds," more than five thousand times to audiences across the country, reaching several million people in all. His message was that anyone could get rich if he tried hard enough, that everywhere, if people looked closely enough, were "acres of diamonds." A sampling: "I say that you ought to get rich, and it is your duty to get rich... The men who get rich may be the most honest men you find in the community. Let me say here clearly... ninety-eight out of one hundred of the rich men of America are honest. That is why they are rich. That is why they are trusted with money. That is why they carry on great enterprises and find plenty of people to work with them. It is because they are honest men I sympathize with the poor, but the number of poor who are to be sympathized with is very small. To sympathize with a man whom God has punished for his sins... is to do wrong... let us remember there is not a poor person in the United States who was not made poor by his own shortcomings...." 27. According to Russell Conwell whose duty is it to get rich? Why do they get rich? 28. Does Conwell believe that people should sympathize with the poor? Why or why not? 29. When someone is poor, according to Conwell, who is punishing them? 30. Who was Russell Conwell and how might this impact/bias his views?

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