Sociotechnical Imaginaries in Research and Innovation Policy

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1 U N I V E R S I T Y O F B E R G E N Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities Sociotechnical Imaginaries in Research and Innovation Policy Workshop on New Narratives for Innovation European Commission, February 2015 Roger Strand, Univ. of Bergen, Norway roger.strand@svt.

2 New Narratives for Innovation Can we improve the way we foresee our technological future? Can we re-think the definition and role of innovation and what innovation is desirable to alleviate present social strains? Can we produce more democratic and sustainable imaginations of the technological trajectories we want to pursue?

3 New Narratives for Innovation Can we improve the way we foresee our technological future? YES Can we re-think the definition and role of innovation and what innovation is desirable to alleviate present social strains? YES, DEFINITELY Can we produce more democratic and sustainable imaginations of the technological trajectories we want to pursue? YES

4 Research and Innovation Policy Innovation for Growth ; Innovation for job creation Europe 2020 smart, inclusive and sustainable growth ; Horizon 2020 Programming call texts funding instruments fundings

5 Academic unit

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7 What is at stake here?

8 Can we improve the way we foresee our technological future? YES Can we re-think the definition and role of innovation and what innovation is desirable to alleviate present social strains? YES, DEFINITELY Can we produce more democratic and sustainable imaginations of the technological trajectories we want to pursue? YES Ongoing academic work (for >40 years) Ongoing institutional developments (e.g. Responsible Research and Innovation )

9 Can we improve the way we foresee our technological future? In what way do we foresee our technological future? The context of this talk: we(1) = European R&I policy-makers But also we(2) = EU, European societies, European civilisation

10 The ways to foresee our technological future

11 The ways to foresee our technological future How may an observer of R&I policy-making describe and understand the decision-making processes? Interest explanations

12 The ways to foresee our technological future How may an observer of R&I policy-making describe and understand the decision-making processes? Interest explanations Simple rational explanations (predict-then-act from evidence base; identifying with a rational subject)

13 The ways to foresee our technological future How may an observer of R&I policy-making describe and understand the decision-making processes? Interest explanations Simple rational explanations (predict-then-act from evidence base; identifying with a rational subject) Constraints, systemic lock-ins, stable patterns Rhetoric, narratives, discourse R&I policy as a creative enterprise Co-production of future science, technology and society Interplay between policies and sociotechnical imaginaries

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17 legitimizes Sociotechnical imaginary* Program of action aims to realize *collective vision of good and attainable future science, technology & society

18 Imagined scientific, technological and societal future

19 Can we improve the way we foresee our technological future? YES Can we re-think the definition and role of innovation and what innovation is desirable to alleviate present social strains? YES, DEFINITELY Can we produce more democratic and sustainable imaginations of the technological trajectories we want to pursue? YES Ongoing academic work (for >40 years) Ongoing institutional developments (e.g. Responsible Research and Innovation )

20 Synthetic biology Synthetic biology is the rational (re-)design of biological systems with useful properties. It is a highly interdisciplinary endeavour and can be viewed from two angles: First, the engineering perspective, which entertains the hope of transforming biotechnology into a true engineering discipline with the corresponding reliabilities and accuracies in design. Second, the synthetic focus provides a unique tool for confirming or challenging our current understanding of molecular events and system function, because only if we can reliably rebuild cellular properties can we claim intellectual mastership ( What I cannot build, I cannot understand, R. Feynman). [European Science Foundation, call on synthetic biology 2009]

21 The Ilulissat Statement (2007)

22 From the Ilulissat Statement (2007) allowing us to construct synthetic cells that achieve their applied goals while creating as few problems as possible for the world around them. The early twenty first century is a time of tremendous promise and tremendous peril. We face daunting problems of climate change, energy, health, and water resources. Synthetic biology offer solutions to these issues [ ] As with any powerful technology, the promise comes with risk. We need to develop protective measures against accidents and abuses of synthetic biology.

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25 From a Nano Foresight Conference M. Krummenacker & J. Lewis (1995): Prospects in nanotechnology: toward molecular manufacturing, Wiley, p MARVIN MINSKY:.. I find it appalling how many people are willing to accept the bad deal they have been given. We ought to be more insistent about improving our brains and our bodies.. I find it even more annoying that we have to live only a hundred years just because of a few evolutionary mistakes.. When we design new forms for ourselves, we will describe our intentions along with the plans. AUDIENCE: Do you anticipate the development of a hacker culture of nanotechnology? MINSKY: There are hackers, and there are crackers. [ ] It seems to me that a way must be found to keep things open enough so that we can catch malicious people before they can do anything too bad. Accomplishing that will not be easy. We might have to give up our privacy. There are terrible things in the universe. Quasars, for example, appear to be galaxies that exploded because something bad happened there. I wonder how many of those were science-fair projects that got out of hand.

26 Social Robustness Context of discovery Context of justification Context of application Context of implication H. Nowotny, P. Scott & M. Gibbons: Re-Thinking Science, Polity 2001 see also B. Latour: The Pasteurization of France

27 A 21st century view of science must not only embrace the wider societal context, but be prepared for the context to begin to talk back. Reliable knowledge will no longer suffice, at least in those cases, where the consensuality reached within the scientific community will fail to impress those outside. In a 21st century view of science, more will be demanded from science: a decisive shift towards a more extended notion of scientific knowledge, namely a shift towards socially robust or context-sensitive knowledge. (Helga Nowotny 1999) Helga Nowotny Former President European Research Council Photo

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31 The Responsible Research and Innovation framework consists of 6 keys: 1. Public engagement 2. Gender equality 3. Science education 4. Open access 5. Ethics 6. Governance

32 Horizon 2020: Responsible Research and Innovation Responsible Research and Innovation is a transparent, interactive process by which societal actors and innovators become mutually responsive to each other with a view to the (ethical) acceptability, sustainability and societal desirability of the innovation process and its marketable products (in order to allow a proper embedding of scientific and technological advances in our society) (R. von Schomberg 2012)

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35 Academic unit Council of Europe DH-BIO

36 Academic unit

37 Academic unit / /p ?progId= &visAktive=false

38 Can we improve the way we foresee our technological future? YES Can we re-think the definition and role of innovation and what innovation is desirable to alleviate present social strains? YES, DEFINITELY Can we produce more democratic and sustainable imaginations of the technological trajectories we want to pursue? YES

39 What is at stake here?

40 How may an observer of R&I policy-making describe and understand the decision-making processes? Interest explanations Simple rational explanations (predict-then-act from evidence base; identifying with a rational subject) Constraints, systemic lock-ins, stable patterns Rhetoric, narratives, discourse R&I policy as a creative enterprise Co-production of future science, technology and society Interplay between policies and sociotechnical imaginaries

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