Science 2.0 (A new modus operandi for science and research) Its potential impact on excellence
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1 Science 2.0 (A new modus operandi for science and research) Its potential impact on excellence Excellence in Research Estonian academy of Sciences, Council of Estonian Centres of excellence in research, Estonian Research Council October Talinn JC.Burgelman (DG R&I) (not speaking on behalf of the EC) & D. Osimo ( Evidence) We lack scientific evidence of what the future will be..
2 Three stories Galaxyzoo (citizen science) Synaptic Leap (networked science) Excel-gate (open data) 2
3 Key question: Are we at the beginning of a change in modus operandi of science and research ("Perez change")? If so, it implies the need to rethink our institutional facts of scientific life: - curricula development, high impact measures, education, - Scientific methods, approaches and publishing, - And thus.research and innovation strategies & policies (Perez change: rewards and risks, new players emerge, old have to adapt/innovate or risk losing relevance,..)
4 1. What is going on? 2. Impact on the science and research system? 3. Irreversible? 4. Policy implications?
5 1. What is going on? Observable explosive growth of data, authors (data & intelligence producers) and publication platforms Authorship: growing 10 fold each year vs typical 10 fold each hundred years (Pellis & Bigelow 2009) Data: Every 2 Days We Create As Much Information As We Did Up To 2003 (Schmidt 2008)
6 Where does it come from? Dataintensive Citizens science code labbook s / wflows Analysis Preprint data Data gathering Publication access annotat ion Conceptu alisation Review Alternative Reputation systems Scientific blogs Collaborative bibliographies 6
7 Its is real! Figshare.com Dataintensive Citizen Scistarter.com s science.org code Runmycode An emerging "ecosystem "of services and standards labboo org ks / wflows Myexperiment. Analysis Preprint ArXiv data Datadryad.org Data gathering Publicatio n access Roar.eprints.org annotat org ion annotation. Scientif com ic blogs Researchgate. Conceptu alisation Review Collaborativ e Mendeley.com bibliographi 7 Alternativ e Reputatio n systems Altmetric.com
8 In one word: much more than Access! Analysis Data gathering Publicatio n access Conceptu alisation Review 8
9 2. Impact: More than a marginal change: the modus operandi for R&S is changing Examples: Mendeley Science blogs (2000K DataNet 25K on Arxiv Aire annotation.org users,2013) Research CKAN Blogging platform
10 A 4th paradigm of data-intensive science? Data explosion only starting (internet of things!) Greater role for inductive, not only hypothesis driven science: Here s the evidence, now what is the hypothesis? Deductive Manual 2 nd paradigm: theoretical (Newton) Computational 3 rd paradigm: computational (Von Neumann) Inductive 1 st paradigm: empirical (Bacon) 4 th paradigm: dataintensive (Venter, DNA sequencing)
11 Observable impact: More productive science New type of scientific outputs Using the same data sets for multiple research Crowdsourcing Faster circulation of high-quality ideas We can throw the numbers into the biggest computing clusters the world has ever seen and let statistical algorithms find patterns where science cannot. (Anderson 2007) Better science Greater falsifiability: move towards reproducible science thanks to publishing data + code in addition to article Easier to follow the process, no need to wait for the product Rapidly uncover mistaken findings Greater availability of data collection and datasets increases the utility of inductive methods. 11
12 3. Irreversible? Science 2.0 is driven by: - Explosion of knowledge and science producing actors (globally) - Demand for faster science - Demand for catching up - Demographics ( digital natives go global) - Cheap and easy to use ICT (low entry barriers) Irreversible trend
13 4. Important (policy) implications? The old ideal of les encyclopedistes is gone (but Wittgenstein would have it easier to publish his thinking today and we have wikipedia ) The "Scientific Powers That Be", disappear or adapt? How important will Nature remain? (11% of world output in access journals) New ways to determine reputation, CV s? (DFG only 5 publications to mention, NSF asks PI to list research products ) New gatekeepers (intermediaries) will come. More Creative Commons? access? More citizen (as scientist) science? Faster science (google scholar ), beta science a valid status? Data-visualisation as a key language and statistics as a key science Knowledge manager skills and services vital part of education? Due to data abundance: more time to think the questions, but also Learn to think? New curricula needed? With more attention to multi disciplinarity? And to product development (+/- 10% of all scientific work goes to SW dev, Nature) New metrics needed
14 Towards a green paper DG RTD with DG Connect, the CSA and DG JRC Work on better mapping the business model and policy implications of Science 2.0. European wide consultation to be launched focussing on which policy actions for the European Commission to take.or not. Green paper by spring 2014 CONTRIBUTE!
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