Virtual Human Research at USC s Institute for Creative Technologies

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2 Virtual Human Research at USC s Institute for Creative Technologies Jonathan Gratch Director of Virtual Human Research Professor of Computer Science and Psychology University of Southern California The work depicted here was sponsored by the U.S. Army. Statements and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the United States Government, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Images and videos from USC Institute for Creative Technologies

3 Virtual Humans Autonomous virtual characters that have meaningful social interactions with human users Reason about environment Understand and express emotion Communicate through speech & gesture Play the role of teachers, peers, competitors 3

4 What s the point? 4

5 Computer Science Motivation: Challenge problem to advance artificial social intelligence Gratch, DeVault, Lucas, Marsella. Negotiation as a Challenge Problem for Virtual Humans. 15th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. Delft, The Netherlands

6 Computer Science Motivation: Challenge problem to advance artificial social intelligence User recognition What is she saying? What is her expression? What is her posture? Gratch, DeVault, Lucas, Marsella. Negotiation as a Challenge Problem for Virtual Humans. 15th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. Delft, The Netherlands

7 Computer Science Motivation: Challenge problem to advance artificial social intelligence User understanding What does she want? What does she feel? Is she lying? What will she do next? User influence How to establish rapport? How to seem trustworthy? How to evoke emotion? How to lie? How to win? Gratch, DeVault, Lucas, Marsella. Negotiation as a Challenge Problem for Virtual Humans. 15th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. Delft, The Netherlands

8 Psychological Motivation: Tools to advance theories of human social cognition de Melo, Carnevale, Read and Gratch. Reading people s minds from emotion expressions in interdependent decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(1), 2014, pp

9 Psychological Motivation: Tools to advance theories of human social cognition Bilge Karacora, Morteza Dehghani, Nicole Krämer and Jonathan Gratch. The Influence of Virtual Agents Gender and Rapport on Enhancing Math Performance. 34th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society

10 Psychological Motivation: Tools to advance theories of human social cognition Virtual Confederates Allow systematic manipulation of Race Gender Accent Expressions Behavior Celso de Melo, Peter Carnevale and Jonathan Gratch. Using Virtual Confederates to Research Intergroup Bias and Conflict. 74th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management. Philadelphia, PA, 2014 Jonathan Gratch. Understanding the mind by simulating the body: virtual humans as a tool for cognitive science research. The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Science. Susan Chipman (ed.). Oxford University Press 10

11 Application Motivation: Unique capabilities to advance education and health 11

12 Application Motivation: Unique capabilities to advance education and health David DeVault, Ron Artstein, Grace Benn, Teresa Dey, Alesia Egan, Ed Fast, Kallirroi Georgila, Jonathan Gratch, Arno Hartholt, Margaux Lhommet, et al. SimSensei: A Virtual Human Interviewer for Healthcare Decision Support. 13th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems. Paris, France

13 How to build it? 13

14 Data or Theory? e.g., Rapport Agent Capture Capture GESTURE GESTURE Learning (LDCR) EXPRESSION Prediction Model EXPRESSION PROSODY PROSODY Morency, de Kok and Gratch. A Probabilistic Multimodal Approach for Predicting Listener Backchannels. JAAMAS, Springer, 20(1), 2009,

15 Data or Theory? I m biased towards theory A neural network is not a theory Offers limited explanatory value Challenges in generalizing to other contexts Theories have certain advantages Emphasize underlying mechanism Have good empirical support Indicate how to bring about change 15

16 Data or Theory? Data tells us about the world as it is Useful if want to recreate reality e.g., make virtual humans that are identical to real people I m more interesting in creating something better than people Theories can point the way 16

17 Application Motivation: Unique capabilities to advance education and health Lucas, Gratch, King and Morency. It's Only a Computer: Virtual Humans Increase Willingness to Disclose. Journal of Computers in Human Behavior. v pp

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