Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research Lynne G. Zucker & Michael R. Darby, UCLA & NBER
|
|
- Audrey Fields
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research Lynne G. Zucker & Michael R. Darby, UCLA & NBER Making the Best Use of Academic Knowledge in Innovation Systems, AAAS, Chicago IL, February 15, 2014 NIH Grants, NSF Grants, and Firm Patents by US Regions, Lynne G. Zucker and Michael R. Darby L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 1
2 Start by Looking at Bottom Line: Economic Success Patent & Publish Private Firm Financial Success Venture capital Fig 1 Going public (IPO) Fig 2 Patents alone bigger impact than articles alone 1 or more article (non-patent reference): Jumps from 13% in 1976 to 61% in Fig 3 But 1 or more patent citations highly stable From 97% in 1976 to 99% in 2012 Fig 4 L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 2
3 Fig. 1 Percentage of Private Firms with No Prior Venture Capital Funding Receiving First Venture Capital Round in Year 1.20% 1.00% 0.80% 0.60% 0.40% 0.20% 0.00% High-Tech Firms Receiving First Venture Capital Round by Patenting & Publishing as Percentage of Private Firms with Same Status and No Prior Venture Capital Both Published and Patented All Private High-Tech Firms with No VC Only Patented Only Published Neither Published Nor Patented All Private High-Tech Firms With No Venture Capital Funding High-Tech Firms That Have Only Published High-Tech Firms That Have Neither Published nor Patented High-Tech Firms That Have Both Published and Patented High-Tech Firms That Have Only Patented L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 3
4 Fig. 2 Percentage of Private Firms Making Initial Public Offering in Year 1.40% 1.20% 1.00% 0.80% 0.60% 0.40% 0.20% 0.00% US High-Tech Firms Making Initial Public Offering (IPO) by Patenting & Publishing as Percentage of Private Firms with Same Status Both Published and Patented All Private High-Tech Firms Only Patented Only Published Neither Published Nor Patented All Private High-Tech Firms High-Tech Firms That Have Both Published and Patented High-Tech Firms That Have Only Patented High-Tech Firms That Have Only Published High-Tech Firms That Have Neither Published nor Patented L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 4
5 Fig. 3 80% % Patents with 1 or More Non-Patent References, By S&T Area, Percentage of Patents with 1 or More Non-Patent References 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Semiconductors All S&E Nano Bio/Chem/Med Other Science Comp & IT 0% Other Engineering L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 5
6 Fig % % Patents with 1 or More Patent References, By S&T Area, % Comp & IT Other Engineering Percentage of Patents with 1 or More Patent References 98% 96% 94% 92% 90% Other Science Bio/Chem/Med Semiconductors All S&E Nano 88% 86% L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 6
7 Patent and Publish Yields Higher Commercial Entry In New S&T Area Both private & public companies enter Nascent field, here nanobiotechnology Risk reduction thru skill acquisition both: Financial success & growth of companies that publish Gradual wide adoption of strategy to publish For entering new S&T area Having both patents and articles has a much bigger impact than either alone L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 7
8 Table 1: Firms with both science articles and patents are far more likely to enter nascent scientific field How many % of firms that # of firms enter nanobio? enter nanobio Firm has.. Article Only % Patent Only % Both % Firms that have both scientific research and patenting activities are far more likely to enter nascent field such as nano-biotechnology L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 8
9 Fig. 5: Firms with both science articles and patents are far more likely to enter nascent scientific field Kaplan-Meier survival estimates Analysis Time Article Only Article & Patent Patent Only Kaplan-Meier estimates show how the subjects are susceptible to failure here nanobio entry during analysis time ( ) L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 9
10 Fig. 6: Firms that ever worked with Star scientists are more likely to enter nascent scientific field Kaplan-Meier survival estimates Analysis Time Firm with no Star Scientist Firm ever worked with Star Scientist Kaplan-Meier estimates show how the subjects are susceptible to failure here nanobio entry during analysis time ( ) L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 10
11 Role of star scientist in firm entry into new S&T area Existing firm work with STAR enter nanobio Fig 6 Stars are most likely to be working in bio, nano, semi Stars in same geo area effects firm entry in 6 S&T areas: Nanotech Semiconductors Bio/chem/medicine Other science Computing/IT Other engineering Entry is first article or patent by that firm in a given region/nation and S&T area Control for high-impact articles, university articles, university patenting, total employment, average wages (US) Regression results (Zucker & Darby 2014) summarized in Fig. 7 Poisson with robust standard errors & location fixed effects Appendix: detailed regression examples & star scientist information L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 11
12 Fig. 7: Star Scientists Drive Firm Entry into S&T Relative Probabilities Varying # Active Stars, All Other Variables = Mean Values Active Stars = 1 Active Stars = Mean Active Stars = Mean + 1 Standard Deviation Active Stars = Mean + 2 Standard Deviations 3 Probaility of Firm Entry Relative to That for All Variables = Mean Values Estimates based on 179 U.S. functional economic regions Estimates based on top-24 S&T nations excluding U.S.A L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 12
13 University Involvement in Commercialization: Effects on Success and Collateral Damage Universities work more with firms post Bayh-Dole Diverts them from publishing scientists run 2 labs Commercial vs. scientifically important topics win Higher secrecy, less contributed to common pool Evidence for virtuous circles work in progress University citation-weighted output increases with: Increases in university patenting publications up Fig 8 Increases in co-publishing with firms patents up Fig 9 L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 13
14 Fig. 8: Citation-Weighted Articles per Doctoral Degree Awarded in Universities that Have Patented vs. Universities that Have Not Patented 120 Number of Citation-Weighted Articles Per Doctoral Degree Awarded Universities that Have Patented Universities that Have Not Patented Have Patented No Patent Yet L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 14
15 Fig Citation-Weighted Patents per Doctoral Degree Awarded in Universities that Have Co-Published with a Firm vs. Universities that Have Not Co-Published Number of Citation-Weighted Patents Per Doctoral Degree Awarded Universities that Have Published with a Firm Universities that Have Not Published with a Firm Have Co-Published with a Firm Have Not Co-Published with a Firm Yet L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 15
16 Enabling Resources: Research on Economic Impact What enables detailed & comprehensive studies? Current and planned data releases Micro-data on individual firms & universities can come from large data bases: COMETSandSTARS COMETS, on-line at kauffman.org/comets Patents, NSF & NIH grants, U.S. University data that includes integrated IPEDS/HEGIS files Nanobank.org with articles, patents & grants Write intended use to No.com users - Thomson-Reuters limited use L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 16
17 Fig. 10 For use now: www1.kauffman.org/comets/ Architecture and Contents of Kauffman.org/COMETS Government Policies Government Grants* NSF, NIH, SBIR, STTR Government Labs* Research Universities* Nonprofit Institutions* IPEDS/HEGIS Ph.D. Dissertations Proquest links Discoveries new embodied knowledge New Firms* 1st appearance in S&T area** ticker/cusip, data from web Thomson Reuters Peer-reviewed articles codified knowledge Thomson Reuters [ISI] Public article databases Pre-existing Firms* 1st appearance in S&T area** ticker/cusip, data from web Thomson Reuters L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby- Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research Patents codified knowledge US Utility Patents* and Patent Applications Green = available now Red = coming in future versions Blue = COMETS & STARS only * Organization ID, matched across data clusters/types. Person name as it appears in data - inventor, principal investigator, author (NanoBank.org). ** First appearance in the patent or grant databases identifies birth in a specific S&T area. 17
18 References Arrow, Kenneth J., "Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention," in Richard R. Nelson, ed., The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity: Economic and Social Factors, N.B.E.R. Special Conference Series vol. 13, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1962 Azoulay, Pierre, Joshua Graff Zivin, and Jialan Wang, Superstar Extinction, Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 2010, 125: Jaffe, Adam B., Real Effects of Academic Research, American Economic Review, December 1989, 79: Jensen, Richard, and Marie Thursby, Proofs and Prototypes for Sale: The Tale of University Licensing, American Economic Review, March 2001, 91(1): Jones, Charles I., R&D-Based Models of Economic Growth, Journal of Political Economy, August 1995, 103(4): Lach, Saul, and Mark Schankerman, Incentives and Invention in Universities, RAND Journal of Economics, 2008, 39(2): Lerner, Joshua, Venture Capitalists and the Oversight of Private Firms, Journal of Finance, March 1995, 50(1): Nelson, Richard R., "The Economics of Invention: A Survey of the Literature," Journal of Business, April 1959, 32(2): Romer, Paul M., Endogenous Technological Change, Journal of Political Economy, 1990, 98 (5, Part 2-- Supplement): S71-S102 Solow, Robert M., "A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth," Quarterly Journal of Economics, February 1956, 70: U.K. Patent Office, PETER CHAMBERLEN or CHAMBERLAN, from Patent Office History material, downloaded July 18, 2010, from: Zucker, Lynne G., Michael R. Darby, and Marilynn B. Brewer, Intellectual Human Capital and the Birth of U.S. Biotechnology Enterprises, American Economic Review, March 1998, 88: Zucker, Lynne G. and Michael R. Darby, Movement of Star Scientists and Engineers and High Tech Firm Entry, Annals of Economics and Statistics, issue no , in press L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 18
19 Appendix L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 19
20 Generalizing Star Scientists 5,401 stars in ISIHighlyCited.com SM Top 250 individual researchers in terms of 20-year-rollingwindow citation counts in 19 of which are science and engineering fields Publications to locate them Problem: over third of their ISI CVs have 10 articles Person matching for stars now good & being tested Stars restricted to the first 1,838 (34%) of the ISI Highly Cited Stars positive & significant for every industry for US and 25-country results Suggests using a higher hurdle for stars L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 20
21 Table 2A. Firm Entry into New Technologies Poisson Regressions with Location-Specific Fixed Effects and Explanatory Variables Lagged One Year U.S. Functional Economic Regions, Science and Technology Areas of Firm Entry Explanatory Variables Bio/Chem/Med Computing/IT Nanotechnology Semiconductors Other Sciences Other Engineering Star Scientists & Engineers Active in Region/ *** * *** ** Country in Same S&T Area as Entry (0.0015) (0.006) (0.0167) (0.0041) (0.005) (0.0038) High Impact Articles Knowledge Stock ^ ^ * *** in Same S&T Area as Entry (hundreds) (0.058) (0.3476) (1.0847) (0.2164) (0.1006) (0.3004) University Articles Knowledge Stock * *** *** ^ *** in Same S&T Area as Entry (hundreds) (0.0009) (0.0132) (0.0419) (0.0039) (0.0085) (0.0187) University Patents Knowledge Stock ** ^ *** * in Same S&T Area as Entry (hundreds) (0.0422) (0.455) (0.1443) (0.4744) (0.1302) (0.0838) Total Employment in Region/Country *** * * (millions of persons) (0.0614) (0.0984) (0.1362) (0.057) (0.0491) (0.0732) Average Wage per Job in Region *** *** * * (thousands of year 2000 dollars) (0.0078) (0.0139) (0.0163) (0.0076) (0.0076) (0.0075) Dummy = 1 in 2003, else *** *** *** *** *** *** (0.0601) (0.1187) (0.1165) (0.078) (0.0685) (0.0688) Dummy = 1 in 2004, else *** *** *** *** *** *** (0.0748) (0.119) (0.1978) (0.102) (0.094) (0.0763) Pseudo R² Notes: Robust standard errors in parentheses below coefficient estimates. N = Significance levels: ^ 0.10, * 0.05, ** 0.01, *** The science and engineering areas are Biology/Chemistry/Medicine; Computing & Information Technology; Semiconductors, Integrated Circuits & Superconductors; Nanoscale Science & Technology; Other Sciences; and Other Engineering. Nanoscale Science & Technology articles & patents as defined for NanoBank.org are removed from the other five areas into which they would otherwise be classified. 2. Knowledge stocks are computed as a perpetual inventory of the indicated series with 20% depreciation applied to the prior year's stock. L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 21
22 Table 4A. Firm Entry into New Technologies - Poisson Regressions with Location-Specific Fixed Effects and Explanatory Variables Lagged One Year Top-24 Non-U.S. Science & Technology Countries, Science and Technology Areas of Firm Entry Explanatory Variables Bio/Chem/Med Computing/IT Nanotechnology Semiconductors Other Sciences Other Engineering Star Scientists & Engineers Active in Region/ *** *** ** *** Country in Same S&T Area as Entry (0.0012) (0.0089) (0.0176) (0.0055) (0.0064) (0.0112) High Impact Articles Knowledge Stock ^ *** in Same S&T Area as Entry (hundreds) (0.0831) (0.4236) (0.6711) (0.2114) (0.2007) (0.3278) University Articles Knowledge Stock *** *** *** in Same S&T Area as Entry (hundreds) (0.0002) (0.004) (0.0048) (0.0007) (0.0051) (0.0056) University Patents Knowledge Stock *** * ^ * in Same S&T Area as Entry (hundreds) (0.0652) (1.1518) (0.2452) (1.3833) (0.3549) (0.2177) Total Employment in Region/Country 0.012*** *** ** *** *** *** (millions of persons) (0.002) (0.0036) (0.0149) (0.0025) (0.0033) (0.0031) Dummy = 1 in 2003, else * *** *** ** *** (0.1091) (0.111) (0.169) (0.1117) (0.1672) (0.1227) Dummy = 1 in 2004, else *** * *** ^ *** *** (0.1299) (0.2909) (0.235) (0.1171) (0.2063) (0.1374) Pseudo R² Notes: Robust standard errors in parentheses below coefficient estimates. N = 552. Significance levels: ^ 0.10, * 0.05, ** 0.01, *** The science and engineering areas are Biology/Chemistry/Medicine; Computing & Information Technology; Semiconductors, Integrated Circuits & Superconductors; Nanoscale Science & Technology; Other Sciences; and Other Engineering. Nanoscale Science & Technology articles & patents as defined for NanoBank.org are removed from the other five areas into which they would otherwise be classified. 2. Knowledge stocks are computed as a perpetual inventory of the indicated series with 20% depreciation applied to the prior year's stock. L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 22
23 RobustnessChecks Entry was defined as first article or patent in region/nation and S&T area by that firm Define entry from directories & web search: gives substantially similar results for nanotechnology Eliminated entry of any firm which was found to enter due a star article or patent Results essentially unchanged from original L.G. Zucker & M.R. Darby-Accelerating the Economic Impact of Basic Research 23
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MOVEMENT OF STAR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS AND HIGH-TECH FIRM ENTRY. Lynne G. Zucker Michael R. Darby
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MOVEMENT OF STAR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS AND HIGH-TECH FIRM ENTRY Lynne G. Zucker Michael R. Darby Working Paper 12172 http://www.nber.org/papers/w12172 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC
More informationNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DEFACTO AND DEEDED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN CO-EVOLUTION OF FIRM COLLABORATION BOUNDARIES AND IPR STRATEGY
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DEFACTO AND DEEDED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN CO-EVOLUTION OF FIRM COLLABORATION BOUNDARIES AND IPR STRATEGY Lynne G. Zucker Michael R. Darby Working Paper 20249
More informationDoes Scientific Innovation Lead to Entrepreneurship? A Comparison of Academic and Industry Sectors
Does Scientific Innovation Lead to Entrepreneurship? A Comparison of Academic and Industry Sectors Donna K. Ginther Associate Professor Department of Economics University of Kansas Lawrence, KS 66045 Email:
More informationThe Localization of Innovative Activity
The Localization of Innovative Activity Characteristics, Determinants and Perspectives Giovanni Peri (University of California, Davis and NBER) Prepared for the Conference Education & Productivity Seattle,
More informationScience of Science & Innovation Policy and Understanding Science. Julia Lane
Science of Science & Innovation Policy and Understanding Science Julia Lane Graphic Source: 2005 Presentation by Neal Lane on the Future of U.S. Science and Technology Tag Cloud Source: Generated from
More informationNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MINERVA UNBOUND: KNOWLEDGE STOCKS, KNOWLEDGE FLOWS AND NEW KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MINERVA UNBOUND: KNOWLEDGE STOCKS, KNOWLEDGE FLOWS AND NEW KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION Lynne G. Zucker Michael R. Darby Jonathan Furner Robert C. Liu Hongyan Ma Working Paper 12669 http://www.nber.org/papers/w12669
More informationSize of California s economy US$ trillions, 2009
Size of California s economy US$ trillions, 2009 Rank Country Gross domestic product 1 United States 14 2 Japan 5.1 3 China 4.9 4 Germany 3.3 5 France 2.6 6 United Kingdom 2.2 7 44 Italy 2.1 8 California
More informationComplementarity, Fragmentation and the Effects of Patent Thicket
Complementarity, Fragmentation and the Effects of Patent Thicket Sadao Nagaoka Hitotsubashi University / Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry Yoichiro Nishimura Kanagawa University November
More informationIVC-MEITAR HIGH-TECH EXITS H1/ 2015 REPORT. IVC-Meitar 2014 Exits Report Prepared by IVC Research Center Ltd.
IVC-MEITAR HIGH-TECH EXITS H1/ 215 REPORT IVC-Meitar 214 Exits Report Prepared by IVC Research Center Ltd. Israeli High-Tech Exit Highlights Exit proceeds in H1/215 reached ¾ of total exits for 214 Average
More informationThe Impact of the Breadth of Patent Protection and the Japanese University Patents
The Impact of the Breadth of Patent Protection and the Japanese University Patents Kallaya Tantiyaswasdikul Abstract This paper explores the impact of the breadth of patent protection on the Japanese university
More informationexecutives are often viewed to better understand the merits of scientific over commercial solutions.
Key Findings The number of new technology transfer licensing agreements earned for every $1 billion of research expenditure has fallen from 115 to 109 between 2004 and. However, the rate of return for
More informationStandards as a knowledge source for R&D: A first look at their characteristics based on inventor survey and patent bibliographic data
Standards as a knowledge source for R&D: A first look at their characteristics based on inventor survey and patent bibliographic data Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI) Naotoshi
More informationPatents as Indicators
Patents as Indicators Prof. Bronwyn H. Hall University of California at Berkeley and NBER Outline Overview Measures of innovation value Measures of knowledge flows October 2004 Patents as Indicators 2
More informationThe Influence of Patent Rights on Academic Entrepreneurship
The Influence of Patent Rights on Academic Entrepreneurship Andrew A. Toole Economic Research Service, USDA Coauthors: Dirk Czarnitzki, KU Leuven & ZEW Mannheim Thorsten Doherr, ZEW Mannheim Katrin Hussinger,
More informationAsking Questions on Knowledge Exchange and Exploitation in the Business R&D and Innovation Survey
Asking Questions on Knowledge Exchange and Exploitation in the Business R&D and Innovation Survey John Jankowski Program Director Research & Development Statistics OECD-KNOWINNO Workshop on Measuring the
More informationVenture capital, Ownership concentration and Enterprise R&D investment
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Computer Science 91 (2016 ) 519 525 Information Technology and Quantitative Management (ITQM 2016) Venture capital, Ownership concentration
More informationRising to the Innovation Challenge
Rising to the Innovation Challenge G. Wayne Clough, President Georgia Institute of Technology Metro Atlanta Chamber of Commerce June 17, 2004 The challenge The U.S. is not graduating the volume of scientists
More informationRoss School of Business at the University of Michigan Independent Study Project Report
Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan Independent Study Project Report TERM : Winter 1997 COURSE : FIN 750 PROFESSOR : Mary Campbell STUDENT : Timothy B. Petersen TITLE : Venture Capital
More informationBeyond Patents: Recent Work from NSF Science of Science & Innovation Policy (SciSIP)Program
Beyond Patents: Recent Work from NSF Science of Science & Innovation Policy (SciSIP)Program Maryann Feldman National Science Foundation Government University Industry Research Roundtable Better Tools Needed
More informationPrivate Equity and Long Run Investments: The Case of Innovation. Josh Lerner, Morten Sorensen, and Per Stromberg
Private Equity and Long Run Investments: The Case of Innovation Josh Lerner, Morten Sorensen, and Per Stromberg Motivation We study changes in R&D and innovation for companies involved in buyout transactions.
More informationMGMT 932, Section 2 (Fall Q2) PhD Seminar in Entrepreneurial Innovation (0.5cu) David Hsu
MGMT 932, Section 2 (Fall 2014 - Q2) PhD Seminar in Entrepreneurial Innovation (0.5cu) David Hsu (dhsu@wharton.upenn.edu) This quarter-length class explores topics in entrepreneurial innovation. While
More informationGreen policies, clean technology spillovers and growth Antoine Dechezleprêtre London School of Economics
Green policies, clean technology spillovers and growth Antoine Dechezleprêtre London School of Economics Joint work with Ralf Martin & Myra Mohnen Green policies can boost productivity, spur growth and
More informationConverting Research into Innovation & Growth: SBIR, the University, and the Park
Converting Research into Innovation & Growth: SBIR, the University, and the Park Investing in Innovation: Promoting New Opportunities in the United Nations Economic Council for Europe Region Geneva, Switzerland
More informationVENTURE CAPITALISTS IN MATURE PUBLIC FIRMS. Ugur Celikyurt. Chapel Hill 2009
VENTURE CAPITALISTS IN MATURE PUBLIC FIRMS Ugur Celikyurt A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
More informationAre large firms withdrawing from investing in science?
Are large firms withdrawing from investing in science? By Ashish Arora, 1 Sharon Belenzon, and Andrea Patacconi 2 Basic research in science and engineering is a fundamental driver of technological and
More informationPatent Statistics as an Innovation Indicator Lecture 3.1
as an Innovation Indicator Lecture 3.1 Fabrizio Pompei Department of Economics University of Perugia Economics of Innovation (2016/2017) (II Semester, 2017) Pompei Patents Academic Year 2016/2017 1 / 27
More informationIncentive System for Inventors
Incentive System for Inventors Company Logo @ Hideo Owan Graduate School of International Management Aoyama Gakuin University Motivation Understanding what motivate inventors is important. Economists predict
More informationThe Economics of Innovation
Prof. Dr. 1 1.The Arrival of Innovation Names game slides adopted from Manuel Trajtenberg, The Eitan Berglass School of Economics, Tel Aviv University; http://www.tau.ac.il/~manuel/r&d_course/ / / / 2
More informationEconomics of Innovation and Knowledge Creation Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften
Lecture and Seminar (M.Sc.) Economics of Innovation and Knowledge Creation Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften Economic Policy Research Group (M.Sc. Rasmus Bode, Dominik Heinish, Johanes König) Summer
More informationJapan s business system has changed significantly since 2000, shifting toward
1 Continuity and Change in Japan s Ecosystem for Venture-Capital backed Start-up Companies: Encouraging the Creation of Firms to Stimulate Economic Growth and Jobs Japan s business system has changed significantly
More informationTechnology transfer industry shows gains
Technology transfer industry shows gains in patents filed and granted, university-created startups and commercial products; slippage in federal research funding cited Highlights of AUTM s Canadian Licensing
More informationUniversity industry research relations and intellectual property: Some insights from the United States
University industry research relations and intellectual property: Some insights from the United States Bronwyn H. Hall UNU MERIT, University of Maastricht University of California at Berkeley NBER, IFS
More informationRole of public research institutes in Japan s National Innovation System: The case of AIST, RIKEN, JAXA
Role of public research institutes in Japan s National Innovation System: The case of AIST, RIKEN, JAXA Jun Suzuki (GRIPS) Naotoshi Tsukada (GRIPS) Akira Goto (GRIPS) RIETI Workshop January 20, 2014 1
More informationWhere do patent measures fall short in the life sciences? Bhaven N. Sampat Columbia University and NBER July 28, 2017
Where do patent measures fall short in the life sciences? Bhaven N. Sampat Columbia University and NBER July 28, 2017 There are well-known problems with patent statistics In most sectors patents not as
More informationPatent Data Project - NSF Proposal Iain Cockburn, Bronwyn H. Hall, Woody Powell, and Manuel Trajtenberg February 2005
Patent Data Project - NSF Proposal Iain Cockburn, Bronwyn H. Hall, Woody Powell, and Manuel Trajtenberg February 2005 Brief Literature Review A very large number of research papers and doctoral dissertations
More informationPatents: Who uses them, for what and what are they worth?
Patents: Who uses them, for what and what are they worth? Ashish Arora Heinz School Carnegie Mellon University Major theme: conflicting evidence Value of patents Received wisdom in economics and management
More informationUnder the Patronage of His Highness Sayyid Faisal bin Ali Al Said Minister for National Heritage and Culture
ORIGINAL: English DATE: February 1999 E SULTANATE OF OMAN WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION Under the Patronage of His Highness Sayyid Faisal bin Ali Al Said Minister for National Heritage and Culture
More informationInside or Outside the IP System? Business Creation in Academia. Scott Shane (CWRU)
Inside or Outside the IP System? Business Creation in Academia Scott Shane (CWRU) Academic Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Policy Academic research is a key engine of economic growth and competitive
More informationResearch Consortia as Knowledge Brokers: Insights from Sematech
Research Consortia as Knowledge Brokers: Insights from Sematech Arvids A. Ziedonis Boston University and Harvard University Rosemarie Ziedonis Boston University and NBER Innovation and Entrepreneurship
More informationTrends in Terms of Venture Financings In Silicon Valley (Second Quarter 2010)
Trends in Terms of Venture Financings In Silicon Valley (Second Quarter 2010) Background We analyzed the terms of venture financings for 126 companies headquartered in Silicon Valley that reported raising
More informationWhat magic can we do with linked data sets? (and a new data set for linking soon to be available at NBER)
What magic can we do with linked data sets? (and a new data set for linking soon to be available at NBER) Richard B. Freeman, Harvard, NBER SEWP Project Conference on Linking NSF SED/SDR Data to Scientific
More informationOutline. Patents as indicators. Economic research on patents. What are patent citations? Two types of data. Measuring the returns to innovation (2)
Measuring the returns to innovation (2) Prof. Bronwyn H. Hall Globelics Academy May 26/27 25 Outline This morning 1. Overview measuring the returns to innovation 2. Measuring the returns to R&D using productivity
More informationInnovation and "Professor's Privilege"
Innovation and "Professor's Privilege" Andrew A. Toole US Patent and Trademark Office ZEW, Mannheim, Germany NNF Workshop: The Economic Impact of Public Research: Measurement and Mechanisms Copenhagen,
More informationGetting Started. This Lecture
Getting Started Entrepreneurship (MGT-271) Lecture 9-11 This Lecture Intellectual Property Rights Forms of intellectual property Patent, its types and steps to obtaining patent Potential financing sources
More informationfrom Patent Reassignments
Technology Transfer and the Business Cycle: Evidence from Patent Reassignments Carlos J. Serrano University of Toronto and NBER June, 2007 Preliminary and Incomplete Abstract We propose a direct measure
More informationTECHNOLOGY INNOVATION LEGISLATION HIGHLIGHTS
LEGISLATION AND POLICY Since 1980, Congress has enacted a series of laws to promote technology transfer and to provide technology transfer mechanisms and incentives. The intent of these laws and related
More informationDiscovery: From Concept to the Patient - The Business of Medical Discovery. Todd Sherer, Ph.D.
Discovery: From Concept to the Patient - The Business of Medical Discovery Todd Sherer, Ph.D. Associate Vice President for Research and Director of OTT President Elect, Association of University Technology
More informationInternationalisation of STI
Internationalisation of STI Challenges for measurement Prof. Dr. Reinhilde Veugelers (KUL-EC EC-BEPA) Introduction A complex phenomenon, often discussed, but whose drivers and impact are not yet fully
More informationLabor Mobility of Scientists, Technological Diffusion, and the Firm's Patenting Decision*
Labor Mobility of Scientists, Technological Diffusion, and the Firm's Patenting Decision* Jinyoung Kim University at Buffalo, State University of New York Gerald Marschke University at Albany, State University
More informationWhy is US Productivity Growth So Slow? Possible Explanations Possible Policy Responses
Why is US Productivity Growth So Slow? Possible Explanations Possible Policy Responses Presentation to Brookings Conference on Productivity September 8-9, 2016 Martin Neil Baily and Nicholas Montalbano
More informationTo be presented at Fifth Annual Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Northwestern University, Friday, June 15, 2012
To be presented at Fifth Annual Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Northwestern University, Friday, June 15, 2012 Ownership structure of vertical research collaboration: empirical analysis
More informationTechnology Transfer: Working with Industry at MIT. 10 February 2009 Kenneth A. Goldman Manager, Corporate Relations MIT Industrial Liaison Program
Technology Transfer: Working with Industry at MIT 10 February 2009 Kenneth A. Goldman Manager, Corporate Relations MIT Industrial Liaison Program Observations Innovation is key to economic growth; impact
More informationIsrael Venture Capital Investments Report Q3 2017
Israel Venture Capital Investments Report Q3 2017 NOVEMBER 2017 Summary of Israeli Venture Capital Raising Q3/2017 +14% from Q2/2017 Israeli high-tech capital raising summed up to $1.44B @ ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
More informationBuy Local? The Geography of Successful and Unsuccessful Venture Capital Expansion. June 2009
Buy Local? The Geography of Successful and Unsuccessful Venture Capital Expansion Henry Chen *, Paul Gompers **, Anna Kovner ***, and Josh Lerner ** June 2009 We document geographic concentration by both
More informationFall State of the Industry Report UF SID MARTIN FLORIDA BIODATABASE
Fall 2015 State of the Industry Report UF SID MARTIN FLORIDA BIODATABASE Industry Overview The expansion of Florida s biotech industry remains resilient with an overall growth rate of 92% in the number
More informationEarly-Stage Capital for Innovation
Early-Stage Capital for Innovation SBIR: Beyond Phase II Washington DC January 27, 2011 Charles W. Wessner, PhD. Director, Technology, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship The National Academies 1 Welcome
More informationRegional Appropriation of University-Based Knowledge and Technology for Economic Development
Regional Appropriation of University-Based Knowledge and Technology for Economic Development By: David B. Audretsch, Dennis P. Leyden, Albert N. Link Audretsch, D. B., Leyden, D. P., & Link, A. N. (2013).
More informationIP and Technology Management for Universities
IP and Technology Management for Universities Yumiko Hamano Senior Program Officer WIPO University Initiative Innovation and Technology Transfer Section, Patent Division, WIPO Outline! University and IP!
More informationRaviv Murciano-Goroff
Raviv Murciano-Goroff ravivmg@stanford.edu http://stanford.edu/~ravivmg Department of Economics Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 (617) 953-9608 EDUCATION Ph.D. in Economics, Stanford University,
More informationVenture Capital Research Report Q4 2017
Venture Capital Research Report Q4 2017 As of February 9, 2018 Executive Summary VC market in the US Regional share of investment VC market in the SF Bay Area Annual VC investment in the SF Bay Area VC
More informationThe effect of patent protection on the timing of alliance entry
The effect of patent protection on the timing of alliance entry Simon Wakeman Assistant Professor, European School of Management & Technology Email: wakeman@esmt.org. This paper analyzes how a start-up
More informationClifford M. Gross, Ph. D. Expert Crowdsourcing sm innovations with university technology transfer
Clifford M. Gross, Ph. D. Expert Crowdsourcing sm innovations with university technology transfer There are approximately 15,000 universities in 160 countries creating approximately 100,000 new technologies
More informationTrends in Terms of Venture Financings In Silicon Valley (Second Quarter 2011)
Trends in Terms of Venture Financings In Silicon Valley (Second Quarter 2011) Background We analyzed the terms of venture financings for 117 companies headquartered in Silicon Valley that reported raising
More informationThe U.S. Innovation System: Leveraging Opportunities
The U.S. Innovation System: Leveraging Opportunities Dr. Michael W. Chinworth Director, Washington Office, US-Japan Center for Studies and Cooperation Vanderbilt University Abstract: The innovation system
More informationKANSAS BIOSCIENCE INDEX 2008
Innovation Capacity Education Capacity Workforce Capacity KANSAS BIOSCIENCE INDEX 2008 Industrial Output Prepared by: Research & Development Capacity ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Bioscience Authority contracted
More informationScholarship and Inventive Activity in the University: Complements or Substitutes? 1
Scholarship and Inventive Activy in the Universy: Complements or Substutes? 1 Brent Goldfarb Universy of Maryland Gerald Marschke Universy at Albany, State Universy of New York Amy Smh Universy at Albany,
More informationThe State of Innovation. Orlando Saez
The State of Innovation Orlando Saez Separating fact from myth Myth Illinois is hostile to businesses. Fact Illinois is a good place to do business, and it s getting better everyday. Illinois Economy Highlights
More informationWhy do some US universities generate more venture-backed academic entrepreneurs than others?
Venture Capital Vol. 11, No. 2, April 2009, 133 162 Why do some US universities generate more venture-backed academic entrepreneurs than others? Junfu Zhang* Department of Economics, Clark University,
More informationBusiness Method Patents, Innovation, and Policy
Business Method Patents, Innovation, and Policy Bronwyn H. Hall UC Berkeley, NBER, IFS, Scuola Sant Anna Anna, and TSP International Outline (paper, not talk) What is a business method patent? Patents
More informationCDP-EIF ITAtech Equity Platform
CDP-EIF ITAtech Equity Platform New financial instruments to support technology transfer in Italy TTO Circle Meeting, Oxford June 22nd 2017 June, 2017 ITAtech: the "agent for change" in TT landscape A
More informationTechnology Transfer. Research Universities as Engines for Economic Development
Technology Transfer Research Universities as Engines for Economic Development Topics & Speakers 1. Technology Transfer Fundamentals Chip Hood (MUSC-FRD) 2. Technology Transfer in S.C. Chad Hardaway (USC
More informationThe ERC: a contribution to society and the knowledge-based economy
The ERC: a contribution to society and the knowledge-based economy ERC Launch Conference Berlin, February 27-28, 2007 Keynote speech Andrea Bonaccorsi University of Pisa, Italy Forecasting the position
More informationFasten Your Seatbelts! Can The Patent Prosecution Highway Take Your Application Down The Fast Lane? Vanessa Behrens, Dirk Czarnitzki, Andrew Toole
Fasten Your Seatbelts! Can The Patent Prosecution Highway Take Your Application Down The Fast Lane? Vanessa Behrens, Dirk Czarnitzki, Andrew Toole Motives Globalisation of IP (growing size of patent family)
More informationAppendix A: Methodology
Appendix A: Methodology A. Sampling Frame In quantitative survey research, the gold standard is to pick a random sample (selection of potential respondents) from a larger frame (list or source of the targeted
More informationAn Introduction to China s Science and Technology Policy
An Introduction to China s Science and Technology Policy SHANG Yong, Ph.D. Vice Minister Ministry of Science and Technology, China and Senior Fellow Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
More informationOesterreichische Nationalbank. Eurosystem. Workshops Proceedings of OeNB Workshops. Current Issues of Economic Growth. March 5, No.
Oesterreichische Nationalbank Eurosystem Workshops Proceedings of OeNB Workshops Current Issues of Economic Growth March 5, 2004 No. 2 Opinions expressed by the authors of studies do not necessarily reflect
More informationCharacteristics of Competitive Places: Changing Models of Economic Dynamism
Characteristics of Competitive Places: Changing Models of Economic Dynamism IEDC/IASP 2009 Conference Technology-Led Economic Development World Science and Technology Park Research Triangle Park, NC June
More information18 The Impact of Revisions of the Patent System on Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry (*)
18 The Impact of Revisions of the Patent System on Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry (*) Research Fellow: Kenta Kosaka In the pharmaceutical industry, the development of new drugs not only requires
More informationHeterogeneous Innovation over the Business Cycle*
Heterogeneous Innovation over the Business Cycle* Gustavo Manso a, Benjamin Balsmeier b, and Lee Fleming a a) University of California, Berkeley, USA b) ETH Zurich, Switzerland Preliminary and Incomplete
More informationBuy Local? The Geography of Venture Capital. September 2009
Buy Local? The Geography of Venture Capital Henry Chen *, Paul Gompers **, Anna Kovner ***, ****, and Josh Lerner ** September 2009 We document geographic concentration by both venture capital firms and
More informationSME Policy Design and Evaluation: Insights from Research on Entrepreneurship and Innovation
SME Policy Design and Evaluation: Insights from Research on Entrepreneurship and Innovation Winslow Sargeant, Ph.D. Vice President of Data and Policy, ICSB Email: wsarge2010@me.com October 13, 2016 Background
More information3Q13. Trends in Terms of Venture Financings in Silicon Valley. Third Quarter Fenwick. fenwick & west llp
3Q13 Trends in Terms of Venture Financings in Silicon Valley Third Quarter 2013 Fenwick fenwick & west llp Silicon Valley Venture Capital Survey Third Quarter 2013 Barry Kramer and Michael Patrick Fenwick
More informationVolume Title: The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity Revisited. Volume Author/Editor: Josh Lerner and Scott Stern, editors
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity Revisited Volume Author/Editor: Josh Lerner and
More informationWIPO REGIONAL SEMINAR ON SUPPORT SERVICES FOR INVENTORS, VALUATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF INVENTIONS AND RESEARCH RESULTS
ORIGINAL: English DATE: November 1998 E TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION AND PROMOTION INSTITUTE WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION WIPO REGIONAL SEMINAR ON SUPPORT SERVICES FOR INVENTORS, VALUATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION
More informationContents. Acknowledgments
Table of List of Tables and Figures Acknowledgments page xv xxvii 1 The Economics of Knowledge Creation 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Innovation: Crosscutting Themes 2 1.2.1 The Nature of Innovation: Core Framework
More informationDo Local and International Venture Capitalists Play Well Together? A Study of International Venture Capital Investments
Do Local and International Venture Capitalists Play Well Together? A Study of International Venture Capital Investments Thomas J. Chemmanur* Tyler J. Hull** and Karthik Krishnan*** This Version: September
More informationNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES INNOVATION NETWORK. Daron Acemoglu Ufuk Akcigit William Kerr. Working Paper
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES INNOVATION NETWORK Daron Acemoglu Ufuk Akcigit William Kerr Working Paper 22783 http://www.nber.org/papers/w22783 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue
More informationMore of the same or something different? Technological originality and novelty in public procurement-related patents
More of the same or something different? Technological originality and novelty in public procurement-related patents EPIP Conference, September 2nd-3rd 2015 Intro In this work I aim at assessing the degree
More informationVENTURE CAPITAL INVESTING REACHES HIGHEST LEVEL SINCE Q WITH $13.0 BILLION INVESTED DURING Q2 2014, ACCORDING TO THE MONEYTREE REPORT
Contacts: Clare Chachere, PwC US, 512-867-8737, clare.chachere@us.pwc.com Jeffrey Davidson, Brainerd Communicators for PwC, 212-739-6733, davidson@braincomm.com Ben Veghte, NVCA, 703-778-9292, bveghte@nvca.org
More informationSession 14 Venture Finance
E145 2008 Meets the VCs Session 14 Venture Finance Tom Kosnik (Adapted from slides originally created by Tom Byers) Copyright 2008 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University and
More informationInternational policy emulation and university-industry technology transfer. David C. Mowery Haas School of Business U.C. Berkeley
International policy emulation and university-industry technology transfer David C. Mowery Haas School of Business U.C. Berkeley Overview Systems of innovation literature rarely considers interaction among
More informationIntroduction to economic growth (4)
Introduction to economic growth (4) EKN 325 Manoel Bittencourt University of Pretoria August 13, 2017 M Bittencourt (University of Pretoria) EKN 325 August 13, 2017 1 / 20 Introduction The Solow model
More informationThe Danish-American Entrepreneurship Summit
The Danish-American Entrepreneurship Summit Insights Into the US Venture Capital Markets How to Create A Winning Strategy? Clare Fairfield Do Innovation Development Systems Matter? In 2003, venture backed
More informationEconomic Impact of the Albany Cluster. Kenneth Adams President & CEO, Commissioner Empire State Development
Economic Impact of the Albany Cluster Kenneth Adams President & CEO, Commissioner Empire State Development Governor Andrew M. Cuomo Lt. Governor Robert J. Duffy In 2010, industry shipped over $110 billion
More informationThe determinants of faculty patenting behavior: Demographics or opportunities?
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Vol. 63 (2007) 599 623 The determinants of faculty patenting behavior: Demographics or opportunities? Pierre Azoulay a,, Waverly Ding b,1, Toby Stuart c,2 a
More informationBusiness Method Patents, Innovation, and Policy. Bronwyn H. Hall UC Berkeley and NBER
Business Method Patents, Innovation, and Policy Bronwyn H. Hall UC Berkeley and NBER Outline What is a business method patent? Patents and innovation Patent quality Survey of policy recommendations The
More informationInnovation, IP Choice, and Firm Performance
Innovation, IP Choice, and Firm Performance Bronwyn H. Hall University of Maastricht and UC Berkeley (based on joint work with Christian Helmers, Vania Sena, and the late Mark Rogers) UK IPO Study Looked
More informationThe Litigation of Financial Innovations
The Litigation of Financial Innovations Josh Lerner Working Paper 09-027 Copyright 2008 by Josh Lerner Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion
More informationAnticipating developments in nanotechnology commercialization
Anticipating developments in nanotechnology commercialization Jan Youtie a, Philip Shapira b,c, Luciano Kay c a Enterprise Innovation Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332-0640,
More informationPublic and private R&D Spillovers
Public and private R&D Spillovers and Productivity at the plant level: Technological and geographic proximity By René Belderbos, Kenta Ikeuchi, Kyoji fukao, Young Gak Kim and Hyeog ug kwon Harald Edquist
More information