Promoting co-operation in Foresight in the European Research Area

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3 Promoting co-operation in Foresight in the European Research Area MISSIONS AND ACTIVITIES OF THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FORESIGHT UNIT Directorate K Social sciences and humanities, Foresight DG Research, European Commission September

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5 PROMOTING CO-OPERATION IN FORESIGHT IN THE EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION WHAT IS FORESIGHT? HOW IS FORESIGHT CURRENTLY ORGANISED IN EUROPE? WHAT ARE THE PROSPECTS OF EUROPEAN CO-OPERATION IN FORESIGHT?10 4. WHAT ACTIVITIES DOES DG RESEARCH S SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FORESIGHT UNIT" UNDERTAKE?...13 Promoting co-operation in the field of Foresight in Europe...13 Competence mapping and research in Foresight...14 Exploiting Foresight knowledge produced in Europe and elsewhere in order to inform European research policy developments...15 Managing the STRATA (Strategic Analysis of Specific Political Issues) activity...16 The opportunities offered by the Sixth Framework Programme (FP6, )...16 The next steps HOW TO GET MORE INFORMATION?

6 PROMOTING CO-OPERATION IN FORESIGHT IN THE EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA INTRODUCTION In Lisbon, March 2000, the Member States defined the "Lisbon Strategy" with the aim to make the European Union the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world, capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion. The creation of a European Research Area (ERA) is an essential dimension of this ambitious strategy. This is because scientific research and technological development have become key to economic competitiveness, as well as to address major societal (health, safety, ) or environmental problems. To be successful, the European Research Area requires a coherent development of research and innovation policies developed by public authorities in close dialogue with the societal actors affected by the impacts of these policies. Such strategies are based on implicit or explicit visions of the future of science, technology and society. "Foresight" designates methods aiming at developing shared visions through structured discussion and reflection by means of prospective analysis of scientific and technological developments in a societal context. Therefore, the European Commission promotes more systematic co-operation in and development of S&T Foresight. The Science and Technology Foresight unit, set up in January 2001 in DG Research, European Commission, promotes cooperation activities in this area. It is part of DG Research s Directorate K ("Social sciences and humanities; foresight ). This brochure deals with the following questions: 1. What is Foresight? 2. How is Foresight currently organised in Europe? 3. How can Foresight be further developed? 4. What activities does DG Research s Science and Technology Foresight unit undertake? 5. How to get more information? 6

7 1. WHAT IS FORESIGHT? Foresight covers activities aiming at: Thinking the future. Forecasting, technology assessment, future studies and other forms of Foresight try to identify long term trends and thus to guide decision-making. Foresight that emerged in the recent years mostly in Europe aims at identifying today s research and innovation priorities on the basis of scenarios of future developments in science and technology ("S&T"), society and economy. Debating the future. Foresight is a participative process involving different stakeholders. The latter may include public authorities, industry, research organisations, nongovernmental organisations, etc. The process can be organised at different levels: crossnational, national, or regional. Structured open discussion between the participants is encouraged. Shaping the future. Foresight aims at identifying possible futures, imagining desirable futures, and defining strategies. Results are generally fed into public decision-making (for example, which research priorities deserve public funding), but they also help participants themselves to develop or adjust their own strategy. Together with the development of S&T policies after the 2nd World War, activities to anticipate change have progressively emerged in industrial countries. The increasing rate of progress in S&T makes it more difficult to predict market trends. Interrelationships between science, technology and society are becoming more complex. Therefore, thinking, debating and shaping the future is even more essential today to invest successfully in science and technology, and to make the industrial and societal choices that turn these investments into innovation and improved quality of life in the long run. As these investments have become increasingly costly, policy makers in the public and private domain depend on more systematic methods to detect relevant signals early, and to comprehensively evaluate the risks and opportunities of S&T developments. One of the acknowledged merits of the Foresight / Technology Assessment methodologies developed in the last decade is to mobilise broad sets of stakeholders to give collective thought on priorities, and thus to engage in a societal debate and alignment of strategies. This is why governments and other actors have adopted Foresight methods, created Foresight institutes or launched Foresight initiatives to give strategic directions for policy making. Methods may have a national, regional, or sectoral focus; they may be based on scientific panels, the "Delphi method", scenario development, surveys, targeted working groups, scientific seminars, etc. Various less explicit processes have also been developed, to build strategic capabilities and to inform research and innovation policies ("embedded Foresight"). Thus, Foresight exercises serve not only to provide difficult to acquire strategic information for decision-making, but also as socio-economic mobilisation tools to raise awareness and to create consensus around promising ways to exploit the opportunities and diminish the risks associated with new S&T developments. 7

8 2. HOW IS FORESIGHT CURRENTLY ORGANISED IN EUROPE? In Europe, Foresight activities emerged first at the national level. Just to quote a few Germany, France, the UK and the Netherlands have been undertaking a range of futures research activities since the early 1990s. Austria, Ireland, Portugal, the Czech Republic and Sweden just finished Foresight exercises. Greece has just initiated one. The following Box presents a few significant Foresight activities. Box 1 - Overview (non exhaustive) of Foresight organisations and activities in European countries (EU and candidate countries) Country Title Internet address Austria Institute of Technology Assessment Delphi and 2013 Report Austria4227.xml Belgium Foresight at Federal level Bulgaria Applied Research and Communications Fund Cyprus The Agricultural Research Institute Czech Republic Technology Centre of the Academy of Sciences Denmark The Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Estonia Institute for Baltic Studies Finland Ministry of Trade and Industry France Technologies-cles France futuris Germany The FUTUR initiative Greece The Greek Foresight programme Hungary Ministry of Education, Research and Development Division Ireland Irish Council for Science, Technology and Innovation Italy Fondazione Rosselli Malta Malta Council for Science and Technology (eforesee project) Netherlands Consultative Committee of Sector Councils for R&D and Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences for research foresight Poland KBN Portugal Engineering and Technology Spain Observatorio de Prospectiva Tecnologica Industrial (OPTI) Sweden Second round of Swedish national Foresight Teknisk Framsyn United Kingdom The Foresight initiative Norway The Norwegian Board of Technology 8

9 At the European level, apart from "embedded" S&T Foresight in multilateral research infrastructures like CERN and EMBL, Foresight and supporting activities have been developed principally by: The European Parliament and The European Parliamentary Technology Assessment Network, EPTA. EPTA networks Parliamentary Technology Assessment bodies of Europe. It naturally involves informing the national and European parliamentarian debate but it also enhances the products and experiences of their work with similar organisations. Currently it consists out of ten countries, one region (Flanders) and the European Parliament (STOA) as members and two additional countries and the Council of Europe as associates. The Presidency rotates annually. Box 2 - The European Parliamentary Technology Assessment Network Member Internet address Finnish Committee for the Future Hellenic Parliament Greek Permanent Committee of Technology Assessment OPECST Office Parlementaire d Evaluation des choix scientifiques et technologiques POST Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology Rathenau Instituut EP Scientific and Technological Options Assessment (STOA) TAB Office of Technology Assessment at the German Parliament The Danish Board of Technology Teknologiradet The Norwegian Board of Technology Teknologiradet VAST - Comitato per la Valutazione delle Scelte Scientifiche e Tecnologiche TA-SWISS, Center for Technology Assessment at the Swiss Science and Technology Council viwta Flemish Insitute for Science and Technology Assessment EPTA network The European Commission. The Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS - in Sevilla is one of the eight research institutes of the Joint Research Centre (JRC). The mission of the IPTS is to provide techno-economic analysis to support European decision-makers. It monitors and analyses S&T related developments, their cross-sectoral impacts, interrelationships and implications for future policy development. A specific Science and Technology Foresight unit (K2 - was created in DG Research to promote cooperation in Foresight in Europe (see Chapter 4). The European Science Foundation. The ESF recently introduced its "Forward Look" instrument ( ). It should enable Europe s scientific community to develop medium to long term views and analyses of future research developments in multidisciplinary topics, and interact with policy makers from member organisations. 9

10 3. WHAT ARE THE PROSPECTS OF EUROPEAN CO-OPERATION IN FORESIGHT? In spite of the increased importance of Foresight for policy making, Foresight activities themselves have not yet reached the same state of integration and coherence at EU level as many other policy fields: Foresight activities are non-existent or relatively weak in some Member States; the main Foresight work is done in national settings, and players pursue contacts at EU level mostly on an ad-hoc basis, if at all; European policies and issues are not systematically taken into account in national and regional Foresight studies. This entails the risk for many regional and national actors to merely repeat and duplicate efforts already made by others, more advanced in the Foresight process, without exploiting possible synergies. They thus miss the advantages that co-operation at the European level might bring, e.g. in the form of economies of scale, cost-efficiency and shared knowledge gains. Moreover, in the medium to long term, this situation could impact negatively on the implementation of common EU policies (including the "Lisbon Strategy") and the creation of the European Research Area. Therefore, consensus is growing that a more coherent development of research and innovation policies in Europe implies an urgent need to co-operate more systematically and efficiently to share the knowledge base on which European, national and sub-national policy decisions are made. This would allow to: address many problems and challenges jointly, providing specific solutions where necessary to different socio-economic contexts; improve the quality and impact of national and regional exercises, by comparing findings and methods, and, consequently, contribute to improved policy design and implementation at European, national and regional level. The theme is taken up in several European Commission and EU documents, which underline the importance of S&T Foresight for the European Research Area (see Box 3). A European Area of S&T Foresight in the making Achieving the aim of using the full potential of Foresight for coherent policy development in Europe requires different types of activities: exploiting the resources available more effectively, and forming a shared knowledge base on Foresight results, methods and competencies in Europe. As first steps the following have been identified: to develop a coherent supportive framework at the European level to ensure systematic use and optimum benefit of Foresight, and 10

11 to identify and mobilise all relevant actors (at every governance level), to enable EU-wide networking and capacity building. Support for such steps is foreseen as part of the Commission proposals for the implementation of the next EU Framework Programme (see Box 3). Building the regional dimension of the European Research Area and regional Foresight It is at the regional level that the final translation of knowledge into economically relevant activities takes place. It is also at this level that learning capacities can be best organised through networks and public-private partnerships, in order to ensure that knowledge flows irrigate the economy and resources are most efficiently used for tackling specific economic development objectives. Given the increasing complexity of challenges, the importance of informed decisions and strategic management capacities of regional decision-makers grows continuously. The implied need for more widespread structured forward thinking at regional and local levels, connected with Foresight activities at national and EU levels, is highlighted in the Communication on the Regional Dimension of the European Research Area (COM (2001) 549). It emphasises that, together with innovation and education and training, research brings a new message to regional economies, allowing for new forms of advancement keeping pace with local but also international developments. Moreover, based on joint Foresight activities, inter-regional co-operation between regions facing similar challenges as well as within macro-regions (such as, for example, the Baltic, the Mediterranean, etc.) could stimulate and mobilise an enormous potential for the European Research Area. 11

12 Box 3 - Proposals for Foresight-type activities in recent Commission documents and EU decisions Title Text Towards a European Research Area greater coherence of Foresight exercises and socio-economic intelligence at COM(2000)6 (January 2000) national and European levels (Annex 1, 7.1) Science, society and the citizen in Europe The supranational scale of many of the problems and the need to develop SEC(2000)1973 (November 2000) technological policies at European level, along with the scope for achieving economies of scale, call for platforms for disseminating the results of the national exercises and an exchange of experience, joint Foresight exercises on certain common-interest topics, and the development of technical tools Commission Commmunication: The Regional Dimension of the European Research Area COM(2001) 549 (October 2001) DECISION No 1513/2002/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 June 2002 concerning the sixth framework programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities, contributing to the creation of the European Research Area and to innovation (2002 to 2006) Amended Commission proposal for a Council Decision adopting a specific programme for research, technological, development and demonstration to be carried out by means of direct actions by the Joint Research Centre ( )(1 )(2002/C 181 E/03) Amended Commission proposals for a Council Decision adopting a specific programme for research, technological development and demonstration: Integrating and strengthening the European Research Area ( )(1 ) (2002/C 181 E/01) Commission Communication: The European Research Area: Providing New Momentum COM (2002) 0565 (16 October 2002) Commission Communication: Investing in Research: an Action Plan for Europe COM (2003) 226 final/2 ( ) (indicators, statistics, socio-economic models) on a European scale. ( 2.3) In order to improve communication between experts and policy and makers the Commission will support the establishment of joint work and communication platforms between experts and policy makers at regional level. Groups of experts could be established in the field of technology foresight at regional level. The existing experience of projects like FOREN could be used to guide further exercises in this direction, cites de Communication. In order to support the coherent development of research and innovation policies in Europe: (a) carrying out analyses and studies, and work relating to scientific and technological Foresight, statistics and indicators; Increasingly, the definition of EU policies is dependent on the timely anticipation and understanding of developments in science and technology and the social and economic environment. JRC's expertise in analysing inter-relationships between technology and society, and its experience in co-ordinating cross-sectoral and multidisciplinary Foresight research on an international scale will contribute to the implementation of the objectives of the European Research Area (ERA). Throughout the framework programme , the JRC's activities in this research area will be based on a close collaboration with DG RTD and other customer DGs. The activity will focus on: - Techno-economic Foresight - International Foresight Co-operation forum. - Analyses and studies; work relating to Foresight, statistics and science and technology indicators These activities will include studies, analyses and Foresight activities relating to scientific and technological activities and research and innovation policies in the context of the implementation of the European Research Area. The activities relating to Foresight will include in particular the development of thematic dialogue platforms and a knowledge base for users and producers of prospective analyses, the exploitation of good practices with regard to methodology, as well as the preparation of medium and long-term scenarios for science and technology in Europe. Giving continuation to the assessment of previous Communication The regional dimension of the European Research Area, this Communication cites the systematic exchanges of experience in the field of regional S&T forecasting as one of the progresses achieved. Establishes a new action: a mutual learning platform to help regions in the further development of their research strategies, taking into account their specific situation and needs. Building on existing activities, the platform will be supported notably by the development of a typology of regions, a methodology for the comparative assessment of regional performance, and specific actions to promote the use of science and technology foresight at regional level. 12

13 4. WHAT ACTIVITIES DOES DG RESEARCH S SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FORESIGHT UNIT" UNDERTAKE? The unit has been assigned three missions: v to stimulate and promote co-operation in the field of Foresight in Europe; v to monitor and exploit Foresight knowledge produced in Europe and elsewhere in order to inform European research policy developments; v to implement the actions relevant to S&T Foresight under the Support for the coherent development of S&T policies of the 6 th EU Framework Programme for Research and to manage the STRATA (Strategic Analysis of Specific Political Issues) activity under the Improving the Human Potential specific programme of the 5th Framework Programme; In fulfilling these missions, the unit works closely with the JRC/IPTS. Promoting co-operation in the field of Foresight in Europe European dimension In June 2001, the unit established a High Level Expert Group to explore the ground for an EU Strategy and Action Plan in the field of Foresight. The objectives of this Group were to explore in depth the options for developing Foresight to strengthen the strategic basis of the ERA. It was composed of experts coming from Research Ministries, Foresight institutions, Parliamentary Technology Assessment organisations, and industry. The Final Report was ready in spring 2002 and is being since presented and debated in many fora (see In November 2001, a seminar was held to reflect on the actual use of Foresight results, and the impact of Foresight on decision-making, in governments. The seminar prepared in cooperation with the Belgian Presidency of the EU: 1. examined how structured forward thinking and S&T Foresight in particular are embedded in government strategy processes in European countries; 2. discussed available experience, with an aim to identify key elements and success factors; 3. explored the scope for synergies and complementary action at European level. The related documents can be found at: On the same subject, the unit also contributed with the JRC/IPTS to the preparation of the Foresight Conference organised by the Spanish Presidency in May 2002 (see It also worked closely with the Greek Presidency for the preparation of the European Foresight Conference held in Ioannina in May 2003 (see The unit was also committed in the joint preparation of the June 2004 conference in Dublin concerning the theme Foresight for Innovation (see 13

14 The unit actively supports the development of national foresight initiatives in order to strengthen the links between national and European levels of Foresight. Regular informal meetings are also organised with representatives of Ministries of Research (and Industry) of member states and associated states. Regional Foresight Moreover, the unit established a High Level Expert Group on Regional Foresight and has organised a Conference on this subject in September 2002 (see A new expert group was set up in 2003 in order to develop further the co-operation between regional foresight actors (the Blueprints group) and provide specific tools (blueprints) for different types of regions in Europe. More information on this expert group and the final Conference on "Building the Future on Knowledge" (with high level participation of EU policymakers) can be accessed at In order to promote experimentation and interplay of new Foresight activities in Member States, candidate countries and regions, the development of specific tools is being promoted. In particular the FOREN guide to regional Foresight has been widely diffused and used throughout Europe and beyond. The unit supported the development of Country Guides to Regional Foresight for 14 members states that present the experience of most EU and various Candidate Countries in this area and further develops the methodological tool-box (see This work is being developed further through the Blueprints expert group (see above). Competence mapping and research in Foresight In order to identify and mobilise all relevant actors, the unit asked the JRC/IPTS (with the support of ESTO, the European S&T Observatory) to map the Foresight competences available in Europe more systematically. The ESTO network has thus undertaken a project to map Foresight activities across the EU15 and a selection of Pre-Accession Countries. Moreover, within the context of the emerging European Research Area, the project also maps the competencies of those individuals and organisations actively engaged in organising and managing Foresight activities at National, Regional, Local and sectoral level. This information is compiled and structured for the European Commission and other policy makers, as well as those planning to undertake Foresight, when seeking to identify expertise in the Foresight area (see A scenario workshop was organised in July 2002 in close co-operation with the Norwegian government to reflect on how the professional body of Foresight and scenario builders can develop tools and methods to support the foundation of how technology policy can influence the attainment of long term European, national and regional socio-political goals. The proceedings of this workshop are now available on a CD-ROM. Finally, the Unit has funded, through the STRATA programme, a number of European cooperation projects which provide a contribution to the self-organisation of the European Foresight landscape (see Box 5 and chapter 5 for Web addresses). These complement research projects on the subject which were funded by the Targeted Socio-Economic Research (TSER) Programme under the fourth Framework Programme (see 14

15 Box 4 - Foresight-oriented STRATA projects Acronym Title Start Date FOREN Foresight for Regional Development Network (completed) EUROPOLIS Scenarios for the evolution of European S&T policies (completed) FOMOFO The Four Motors Foresight Initiative (completed) DFFN Design for future needs January 2002 eforesee Exchange of Foresight relevant experiences for small January 2002 European and enlargement countries ITSAFE Integrating technological and social aspects of Foresight in Europe January 2002 TAMI Technology Assessment in Europe; Between Method and January 2002 Impact FORETECH Technology and Innovation Foresight for Bulgaria and Romania November 2002 Exploiting Foresight knowledge produced in Europe and elsewhere in order to inform European research policy developments This is a «think tank» activity focusing on the policy-makers, policy shapers, and officials, of the European Commission. Mainly through the development of a dedicated intranet space, the unit aims at stimulating, sharing and diffusing a future-oriented policy culture in DG Research, in close collaboration with the JRC/IPTS and the JRC/IPSC Knowledge Assessment team. It is also involved in long term strategy work of the IPTS, and is following the work of the main network supporting the activities of the Institute, ESTO. In order to inform the policy developments in the area of S&T and education policies in the EU, the unit set up at the end of 2001 a High Level Expert Group on the future of the relations between Higher Education and Research. The final Report of the Group was published in September A second High Level Expert Group was set up aiming to explore measures to improve the relations between Higher Education and Research. It concluded its works in December The report Measures to improve Higher Education/Research Relations in order to strengthen the strategic basis of the ERA is now published (see for both reports). In the same line of action, one additional High Level Expert Group was set up in 2004, the Foresighting the New Technology Wave group (analysing the convergence of nano-bioinfo- technologies and cognitive and social sciences and its consequences for future European research). A final Conference took place in September starting a broad dissemination process. The draft final report is available on the conference web site: The unit launched in March 2004 a Call for ideas addressed to more than 300 European foresight experts in order to get their views on important research topics for future EU activities. The responses will be analysed and presented by the end of the year. 15

16 Objectives of the Expert Group Foresighting the New Technology Wave The objective is to assess the potential impact of Converging Technologies on the EU competitiveness and societal fabric, and the potential response of the EU and Member States to that, understand the dynamics behind the Converging Technologies agenda in the US, while examining what possibilities exist for a European approach to exploiting the potential synergies across these technologies, and develop guidance for new research agendas, notably in the cognitive and social sciences. It initiated a series of focused workshops on cross-sectoral issues that might be taken into account in future EU research activities (these workshops have been labellised as foresight labs ). The first two held during the first semester 2004 concerned R&D for the service sector and Vulnerable societies: research implications. Finally the unit launched in 2002 its own series of Working Papers (see Finalising the FP5/IHP/STRATA (Strategic Analysis of Specific Political Issues) activity The objective of STRATA is to enable considered reasoning by researchers and Research Technology Development and Innovation (RTDI) policy makers alike, via dialogue, to improve the efficiency of the European policy development process at local, regional, national and international level, as well as interactions with other related policies. It is intended to build a dialogue on emerging and/or relevant academic work, to develop RTDI policy options and to allow good practice to emerge. Synergies between projects are stimulated through common events. A major clustering workshop was organised in April 2002 (see followed by a workshop organised in December 2003 on Scenarios on the future of the European RTDI policy. The Proceedings of the workshop are now published (EUR 21251). The opportunities offered by the Sixth Framework Programme (FP6, ) Concerning EU-supported collaborations, it is worth mentioning here that the 6th Research Framework Programme (FP6, ) - the main instrument to implement ERA - offers many opportunities for this aim. In particular, Foresight activities can be integrative elements in all thematic priority areas. This is specifically highlighted in the introduction to the priority thematic areas: ".consideration of socio-economic impacts of scientific and technological development and Foresight, will where relevant form a part of the activities." Therefore the unit has prepared an «outline Guide to opportunities offered by the Sixth European Community Research Framework Programme for supporting co-operation in the field of Foresight in Europe» (to be updated regularly) to help those wishing to joint their efforts at EU level (see 16

17 The JRC s Foresight activities will finally develop under FP6, the IPTS in Seville concentrating on: - long-term prospective studies on crucial technological developments affecting the EU and the relevant impact on growth, sustainable development, employment, social cohesion and competitiveness. - the creation of an International Foresight co-operation forum allowing it to strengthen its working relationships with international think-tanks and top level advisors. Box 5 - Support to co-operation in Foresight in the Sixth Framework Programme Foresight activities can be funded in the: a) Specific programme on Integrating and Strengthening the European Research Area (ERA): v as integrative part of activities in all Priority thematic areas of research and in Supporting policies and anticipating scientific and technological needs (Foresight in a particular thematic area of S&T) v contributing to the co-ordination of research activities, and the coherent development of policies in Strengthening the Foundations of ERA: exploiting synergy by supporting the co-ordination of independent activities including their mutual opening, the preparation and the management of joint activities (horizontal aspects of Foresight). b) Specific programme on Structuring the European Research Area: v promoting inter-regional co-operation v addressing science-society questions The next steps On the basis of the activities carried out in to stimulate the creation of a European area for Foresight and in particular the advice provided by the High Level Expert Groups, the unit is setting up a European Foresight Knowledge Sharing Platform with the aim to develop a coherent supportive framework at the European level to ensure systematic use and optimum benefit of Foresight, and to identify and mobilise all relevant actors (at every governance level) to enable EU-wide networking and capacity building. The main idea behind the setting up of such a platform is to diffuse and exploit information on useful results stemming out of forward-looking activities carried out at all levels in Europe for informing policy-makers dealing with research and innovation. It will moreover support the self organisation process of the Foresight Community through knowledge sharing activities and events. 17

18 1. The first layer of activity consists in providing the foresight community and the policymakers with information on foresight initiatives in Europe and beyond. Following a call for tender, a contract for a project dedicated to monitoring foresight in the next four years has been initiated in The second layer deals with mutual learning between Member and associated States and regions. Capitalising on previous work mentioned above, the unit will initiate in 2004 a project in order to consolidate foresight methodologies, make them accessible through a Web-based system and stimulate exchanges of experience between foresight experts and foresight managers (at national and regional levels). This project will be implemented with the assistance of the JRC/IPTS. 3. The third layer aims at initiating EU wide approaches on issues of EU relevance. The unit published two calls for tender in for such studies. All the contracts will be attributed by the end of the year. These studies concern the following issues: - The future of R&D in services: implications for EU research and innovation policy - Emerging science and technology priorities in public research policies of European countries, the US and Japan - Perspectives of national and regional research and innovation systems in an enlarged EU 2015: specialization, complementarity and competition - The future of research and innovation policies in an enlarged EU: key issues EU research and innovation policy and the future of the European Common Foreign and Security Policy - Scenarios of future science and technology developments in emerging economies Scenarios of future science and technology developments in developing countries Professions with a science and technology dimension in Europe 2015: implications for education and training policies - Improving the science/policy relationship with the help of foresight: a European perspective In addition the unit constantly monitors foresight initiatives and studies with a European perspective and the monitoring activity mentioned under point 1 above will help to identify common issues emerging from national exercises thus allowing early networking and exchanges. 18

19 5. HOW TO GET MORE INFORMATION? The Science and Technology Foresight unit of DG Research Directorate K ( Social sciences and humanities; foresight ) may be reached by telephone: fax: Paraskevas-Dimit.Caracostas@cec.eu.int Information on DG Research initiatives: Information on DG Research Foresight activities: Information on the STRATA projects: Information on JRC/IPTS activities: The Science and Technology Foresight Unit s Staff Name Responsibilities telephone ( ) Paraskevas CARACOSTAS Head of Unit Marie-Christine BRICHARD Life sciences, Regional S&T Foresight, overall communication strategy Elie FAROULT Converging Technologies, Societal change, University/Research relations, Belmiro MARTINS Horizontal responsibility for STRATA, calls for tender and information including the development and updating of the websites Mike ROGERS Converging Technologies, Information Society and Educational Technologies Christian SVANFELDT Regional S&T Foresight Rene VON SCHOMBERG Sustainable technologies - Sustainable development and issues Werner WOBBE Informal network of foresight managers, Foresight Labs, Manufacturing systems and industrial RTD issues, monitoring Foresight in FP Carmen MARCUS Creative and cultural industries, Foresight in Eastern European countries Cristina PENATE SOARES Administration and finance Fotini CHIOU Publications, documentation and archives Muriel LEGE Secretarial support; intranet site Roya KAMRAN Secretarial support Patrick LAGES Secretarial support Stephanie DELVINQUIERE Secretarial support Christelle TEPHANY Secretarial support

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