A SEGMENTED CAPACITANCE TOMOGRAPHY FOR VISUALISING MATERIAL DISTRIBUTIONS IN PIPELINE CONVEYING CRUDE PALM OIL

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1 A SEGMENTED CAPACITANCE TOMOGRAPHY FOR VISUALISING MATERIAL DISTRIBUTIONS IN PIPELINE CONVEYING CRUDE PALM OIL Prepared by: Prof Dr. Ruzairi Abdul Rahim (UTM), Dr. Elmy Johana Mohamad, A segmented electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) imager for palm oil process monitoring system is constructed and presented in this work.the goal of this study is to use the process monitoring system as an instrument to upkeep the local and foreign palm oil mill. This is to ensure that the monitoring of crude palm oil (CPO) in conveying pipeline during extraction of palm oil mill process flow process is efficiently controlled. The system has the capability to visualize the percentage of liquid that exist within the vessel therefore the data can be utilized to design and create better process equipment in mill process. It will also be used to control some processes in order to boost the quality of crude palm oil and the POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) treatment process. Most ECT in earlier research were created rapidly and utilized well in multiphase flow measurement in numerous applications such as in oil and gas industries, gas/solids cyclone, milk flows and fluidized beds. Experimentally, this work investigates the capability of using a twin-plane segmented ECT sensor with 16 portable electrodes using two differential excitation potentials transmitted signal in order to recognize the concentration and velocity profile as well as the phase concentration of crude palm oil related multiphase systems (liquid and gas). The attained concentration profile which is received from the capacitance measurements is capable to provide image of the liquid and gas mixture in t h e pipeline therefore, the separation process (between oil and liquid waste) becomes much easier and the crude palm oil s quality can be dependably monitored. The visualization results deliver information regarding the flow regime, superficial velocity and concentration distribution in two-phase flowrate measurement system incorporating a liquid flow measuring device. The information obtained is able to help in the process equipment designing, verification of existing computational modeling and simulation techniques. It may also assist in process control and monitoring during the palm oil extraction process.

2 FOREWORD Chief Editor, Prof Ruzairi EDITORIAL BOARD Advisor: Dr Jaafar Abdullah Chief Editor: Prof Dr Hj Ruzairi Abdul Rahim Editors: Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Idris Ismail Engku Mohd Fahmi Engku Chik Assoc Prof Dr Mohd Hezri Fazalul Rahiman Dr Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman Dr Zulkarnay Zakaria Dr Elmy Johana Mohamad Mohd Amirul Syafiq Mohd Yunos Dr Nurlaila Ismail Johari Yap Graphic Design: Jaysuman Bismillahirrahmanirrahim Welcome Year 2016! May the new year brings everyone courage, resolution early and new inspiran. January 2016 marks significant history for Malaysian Society for Computed Tomography and Imaging Technology (MyCT) as in this month, the first issue of MyCT Bulletin is published. It is a good indicator for every member to be more proactive and productive in their research especially in highlighting and contributing computed tomography not only in country but to the international level. This issue of bulletin highlights the vital of tomography and its related techniques in instrumentation especially for process control and monitoring. The technique exists as problems solve assistance in palm oil plantation, industrial process column and crude oil application. Through previous activities; workshop, exhibition and knowledge sharing provided an opportunity for knowledge exchanging and networking within researchers, thus bridged computed tomography as importance in future imaging application. Last but not least, I, wishing all a happy prosperous fun filled joyful and fortunate New Year!! PAGE CONTENT A Segmented Capacitance Tomography For Visualising Material Distributions In Pipeline Conveying Crude Palm Oil Wire-Mesh Tomography Magnetic Induction Tomography Z-score for Agarwood Oil Quality Discrimination Wins Gold and Industry Choice Award in Innovation, Invention And Design (IID FKE) 2015 Tomography Workshop at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Knowledge Sharing on Computed Tomography from BAM Institute Berlin German Real-Time Measurement of Gas Voids in Waxy Crude Oil via ECT Thank you. Prof Dr Ruzairi Abdul Rahim, Chief Editor 2 Malaysia Society for Computed Tomography & Imaging Technology

3 TOMOGRAPHY WORKSHOP AT UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Prepared by: Dr Elmy Johana Mohamad, On 27th of September 2015, the workshop Course on Basic Introduction of Tomography & Image Reconstruction using Visual Basic was held at Makmal Teknologi Komputer, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). The workshop aimed at introducing tomography and the basics of its simulation study to the participants. They were also given a hands-on tutorial on reconstructing tomography images using Visual Basic. The workshop was presented by the especially invited tomography expert from Universiti Perlis Malaysia (UniMAP), P.M. Dr. Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman and was attended by a total of 17 participants (5 UTHM staffs, 5 postgraduate students and 7 undergraduate MAGNETIC INDUCTION TOMOGRAPHY Prepared by: Dr. Zulkarnay Zakaria, zulkarnay@unimap.edu.my A study of magnetic induction tomography (MIT) applications in steel imaging has been done by Universiti Malaysia Perlis lead by Dr. Zulkarnay Zakaria. MIT is a soft field modality which fall under the category of passive imaging modality together with ECT, EIT and magneto static [1]. MIT uses the principle of magnetic induction in reconstructing the image of the object of interest based on its conductivity distribution within the object itself [2]. Figure 1: Position of the sample movements In this research, the developed MIT system consists of 8 pairs of transmitter-receiver arrange as shown in Figure 1 [3]. In this experiment, two steel samples have been arranged at the opposite sides starting from (-10,+10) to (-4,+4) within the region of interest of 26.8 cm in diameter. Four sizes of the samples (1.25, 1.50, 1.75 and 2.00 inch) have been tested in this testing. The reconstructed images shown in Figure 2 proofs that this MIT prototype system is capable of detecting the location of steel samples correctly if the distance between each steel is minimum of 16 cm, otherwise the image tends to combine. Quick improvement that can be made to enhance the resolution performance of system is through the use of transceiver sensors instead of fix transmitter-receiver pairs. 3 Malaysia Society for Computed Tomography & Imaging Technology Figure 1: Reconstructed images of the two steel samples at different distances

4 KNOWLEDGE SHARING ON COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FROM BAM INSTITUTE BERLIN GERMAN Prepared by: Dr. Rasif bin Mohd Zain, Engku Mohd Fahmi bin Engku Chik, Digital Industrial Radiography (DIR) and Computed Tomography (CT) have emerged as the future of imaging application in Non-Destructive Testing (NDT). DIR technique differs from conventional radiography in which they use digital detectors to restore digitized images. Meanwhile, X-ray and gamma-ray CT produce by computer processed combination of many DIR images taken from different angles to represent cross-sectional images (virtual slice) of specific areas. image in CT. At present, several codes and standards such as EN, ASTM and ISO have been developed for DIR applications. Deep understanding of these codes and standards is necessary to meet the requirements needed for detector selection and image quality of various digital detectors. Due to this reason, on 22nd November 2015, Malaysian Society for Non Destructive Testing (MSNT) through Malaysia International NDT Conference and Exhibition 2015 (MINDTCE-15) offer a Tomography and Image analysis of Tomogram. This workshop conducted by Dr. Uwe Zscherpel from BAM Berlin German. His area of expertise is digital image processing in industrial radiology, including NDT film digitization, digital image analysis, pattern recognition, and digital reference catalogues for welding and casting. During the workshop Dr. Uwe also share ISee software version to all Various types of digital detectors have becoming available with the advancement of the imaging system. For instance, Computed Radiography, Flat Panel or Fluoroscopy is the most widely used in industries. These digital detectors system allow the users to perform image processing for image enhancement, defect recognition and processing CT. The technology offer high energy radiation applications ranges from 10 kv to several MeV. In DIR system, the main advantage is its ability to significantly reduce the radiation dose in comparison to film applications. In view of this perspective, DIR has attracted the interest of NDT communities and researchers around the world especially in the R&D sector as well as for the industrial applications. NDT communities also realize the potential of this system due to other benefits which it can offer i.e. automatic defect detection, reusability, environmental friendly, digitally formatted and post processing freedom also capable to produce 3D Pre-Conference Workshop on Status, Technologies and Applications to provide an insight into the world of DIR and understanding the codes and standard as their guidelines during inspections or R&D activities. This one day workshop opens to local and international participants. Total participant from local are 17 and 6 from international. Two boards of member and one members of MyCT participated in this workshop and also involved in steering committee of MINDTCE The two of MYCT boards of members involved are YM. Engku Mohd Fahmi Bin Engku Chik and En. Mohd Amirul Syafiq B Mohd Yunos. Meanwhile the MyCT members participated in this workshop is Dr. Rasif B Mohd Zain. The topics cover in this one day workshop are; current status on DIR technologies and standard, Software and tools for DIR, DIR with computed radiography, DIR with digital detector arrays (DDA), exposure requirements for DIR, Inspection of welded components by DIR, DIR for Computer participants. This software allows the computer-aided analysis of digital images via measurements of profiles, wall thickness differences and local corrosions, the storage of results and statistical evaluation of image regions (by mean value, standard deviation and normalized signal-to-noise ratio). The software was developed at BAM Berlin to promote new applications of Digital Industrial Radiology (DIR) and as a vendor-independent program to realize measurements defined in various CEN, ISO and ASTM standards for Non-destructive testing (NDT) with radiological methods. 4 Malaysia Society for Computed Tomography & Imaging Technology

5 WIRE-MESH TOMOGRAPHY Prepared by: Dr. Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman Experimental studies have been carried out to study the principle operation of the conductive type wire-mesh tomography sensor for liquid/gas two-phase flow interface and void fraction distribution in a process column. The study was conducted by Universiti Malaysia Perlis tomography researcher lead by Dr. Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman. The measurement of the two-phase flows in the process column is based on the cross-sectional local instantaneous conductivity. The sensor consists of two planes of parallel electrode wires with 16 electrodes each and was placed orthogonally with each plane. The wire-mesh sensor has been tested in a horizontal liquid/gas two-phase flows process column with nominal diameter of 95.6 mm. The tomogram results show that the wire-mesh tomography provides significant results to represent the void fraction distribution in the process column. Void Fraction Phantom Tomogram References [1] H.-M. Prasser, A. Böttger, and J. Zschau, A new electrode-mesh tomograph for gas liquid flows, Flow Meas. Instrum., vol. 9, no. 2, pp , Jun A [2] Rahiman, M. H. F., Siow, L. T., Rahim, R. A., Zakaria, Z., & Ang, V. (2015). Initial study of a wire mesh tomography sensor for Liquid/ Gas component Investigation. Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, 10(5), A L = 100% A L = 96.76% B A L = 74.23% A L = 77.88% C A L = 46.67% A L = 52.78% Simplified scheme of the electrode-mesh device as proposed by Prasser et al. [1] D A L = 0% A L = 0% Illustrations of the void fraction, phantom and the tomogram Front-view of WMS Fixture [2] 5 Malaysia Society for Computed Tomography & Imaging Technology Top-view of WMS Sensor [2]

6 Z-SCORE FOR AGARWOOD OIL QUALITY DISCRIMINATION WINS GOLD AND INDUSTRY CHOICE AWARD IN INNOVATION, INVENTION AND DESIGN (IID FKE) 2015 Prepared by: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Hezri Fazalul Rahiman, Dr Nurlaila Ismail, This project was the outcome of collaboration between UiTM, the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) and Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP). Instead of that, it also have several accomplishments include a copyright, writing a chapter in a book, several indexed journal, besides attaining international recognition. result in discriminating agarwood oil to high and low quality. It is important and useful in solving the grading agarwood oil system which is currently done manually. On 24th November 2015, Faculty of Electrical Engineering (FKE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, was organized an innovation event called as INNOVATION, INVENTION AND DESIGN (IID FKE) This yearly event has been participated among lectures and students from various departments in the faculty. This year, a total of 58 projects were participated under categories innovation, invention and design. Two faculty members also from Malaysian Society for Computed Tomography and Imaging Technology (MyCT) Assoc. Dr Mohd Hezri Fazalul Rahiman and Dr Nurlaila Ismail had won two awards which are Gold and Industry Choice Award. These awards were given by Dean of Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Prof Dr Mohd Nasir Taib. The project titled Z-SCORE for agarwood oil quality discrimination basically is a chemical profiles based in discriminating agarwood oil to the high and low quality. The agarwood oil samples are analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in examining their chemical profiles. The extraction showed that at least forty three volatile compounds are found. Z-SCORE is found successful to identify the significant chemical compounds of the agarwood oils. The chemical compounds are β-agarofuran, α-agarofuran, 10-epi-ɤ-eudesmol, αeudesmol, dihydrocollumellarin and ɤ-eudesmol. These volatile compounds have different abundances pattern responsible to the different qualities of agarwood oil such as high and low. The Z-SCORE proposed in this project gives a promising 6 Malaysia Society for Computed Tomography & Imaging Technology

7 REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT OF GAS VOIDS IN WAXY CRUDE OIL VIA ECT Prepared by: Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Idris Ismail, Introduction The research work involves the study of the gel formation behavior of a waxy crude oil under different flow rate and temperature conditions using ECT. It is an imaging technique that was developed to study the direct analysis of the internal characteristics of an enclosure. Its basic endeavor is to find the cross-sectional parameters/images of dynamic industrial processes. It is one of the possible techniques to provide quantitative flow used for visualization and flow rate information such as volume void fraction. Visualization techniques and raw data analysis will be used to quantify volume fraction at the measured plane. voids are considerably important for sustainable operations. Objective To investigate the formation of gelled crude under different flow rate and temperature conditions by assessing the distribution and volume of gas voids within the gel formed. Problem Statement In offshore oil exploration, due to prolonged production shutdowns for maintenance or emergency reasons, the crude oil is stationary and the temperature within the pipeline drops significantly (static cooling). In such application, the crude oil contained under quiescent conditions to temperature as low as 5oC. Due to which paraffin precipitate out and form a strong paraffinic gel that cause a complete pipeline plugging where the yield stress and thixotropic behavior are exaggerated. During gel build up the waxy crude undergoes thermal shrinkage where gas voids subsequently appear resulting in supposedly, compressible structure. Therefore, the measurement of gas Gas Voids Volume (%) y = 7E-05x x x R² = y = -7E-05x x x R² = Plane 1 Plane 2 Poly. (Plane 1) Poly. (Plane 2) Temperature ( C) Gas Void Formation in Statically Cooled Waxy Crude Oil INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND INDUSTRIAL IMAGING IWMYCT 2015 Prepared by: Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Idris Ismail, idrisim@petronas.com.my 7 Malaysia Society for Computed Tomography & Imaging Technology 1 June 2015, International Workshop On Computed Tomography and Industrial Imaging (IWMYCT) 2015 was successfully held in Hotel Putra Brasmana, Kuala Perlis, Perlis. IWMYCT was initiated and organized by UniMAP and MYCT to further promote CT technology in both academics and imaging industries. A total of 14 papers was presented by deligates from Vietnam, Indonesia and Malaysia.

8 3rd March 2015, 2nd MyCT Annual General Meeting 4th MyCT Board of Management Meeting 2015 UiTM Shah Alam 24th November2014, 3rd MyCT Board of Management Meeting 2014 Lense MyCT 28-30th November2014, 5th Exposition on Islamic Innovation 2014 (i-inova 2014) 27th to 29th January 2015, Prof Kyung Youn Kim from Jeju National University, visit to Malaysian Nuclear Agency Visit to Imaging Centres at the University of Tokushima and Hiroshima, Japan 8 Malaysia Society for Computed Tomography & Imaging Technology

9 MYCT MEMBER WINS TWO AWARDS AT THE INTERNATIONAL TRANS- TASMAN 3-MINUTE THESIS COMPETITION (3MT) HELD IN AUSTRALIA Prepared by: Johari Yap, 2 OCTOBER 2015 Jaysuman B. Pusppanathan, a member of MyCT received 2 Awards at the International Trans- Tasman 3-Minute Thesis Competition (3MT) held at the University of Queensland, Australia. Awarded as runner On the stage, Jaysuman presented his PhD research in Dual Modality Tomography for Multiphase Flow Imaging under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Hj. Ruzairi Abdul Rahim from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. The research aims to measure three phase flow by emerging ultrasonic tomography and electrical capacitance tomography. With this success, for the first time in such competition, he had introduced process tomography to the globe. The same topic was presented and awarded as winner at Ritsumeikan University in Japan at the Asia level before competiting in trans-tasman 3MT. The first 3MT was held at UQ in 2008 with 160 RHD students competing. Since 2011 the popularity of the competition has increased and 3MT competitions are now held in over 200 universities across more than 18 countries worldwide. Competitors are given three minutes to give an engaging up, he takes away prize of A$3,000 in the form of a travel research grant as well as a trophy. He also won the People s Choice Award by majority vote enabling him to win A$1,000 in research grant. Three minutes may not seem like much time to explain an 80,000 word PhD thesis that has taken years to research and develop, but that s exactly what is required of PhD candidates competing in the Three Minute Thesis (3MT ) competition. Jaysuman beat 50 other postgraduate contestants from across the globe from China, New Zealand, Japan, H o n g Kong and others who have been selected through rigorous national and dynamic talk on their thesis topic, and highlighting the significance of the thesis topic. The talk is targeted at an educated but non-specialist audience. The competition does not trivialize research but compels students to consolidate their ideas. Springer, one of the world s leading global research, educational and professional publishers is proud to be the principal sponsor of the 2015 Trans-Tasman Three Minute Thesis (3MT) competition. 3 M T competitions in their respective countries. 3MT competition has been organized at the Malaysia level since year 2012 with the increasing participation among IPTA/IPTS. We hope that this success will inspire other researchers to strive excellence especially in the field of tomography. 9 Malaysia Society for Computed Tomography & Imaging Technology