Report on the Road2CPS

Transcription

1 Report on the Road2CPS Strategy Workshop Brussels, 15 th November 2016 Road2CPS Consortium 1

2 Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction Workshop Agenda Workshop Presentations and Interactive Session Presentations on Visions, Roadmaps, Priorities and Recommendations Introduction to the Workshop (Meike Reimann, Steinbeis-Europa-Zentrum) European Commission Implementing the Digitizing European Industry Initiative (Werner Steinhögl, EC) ARTEMIS-IA - Strategic Research Agenda 2016 (Ad ten Berg, ARTEMIS-IA) Towards Value Creation from CPS; Industy Keynote (Stamatis Karnouskos, SAP) SME Keynote (Haydn Thompson, THHINK) CPSoS Roadmap (Christian Sontag, TU Dortmund) HiPEAC Vision (Koen De Bosschere, Ghent University) EFFRA Roadmap (Željko Pazin, EFFRA) Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet (Daniel Stock, Fraunhofer IPA) scorpius Roadmap (FoF-CPS) (Ana Decarolis, Politecnico di Milano) IoT Vision by AIOTI (Ovidiu Vermesan, SINTEF, AIOTI) NESSI View (Andreas Metzger, University Duisburg-Essen, NESSI) Interactive Sessions Methodology Enabling Technologies for CPS Technological Priorities / Research Priorities in CPS Non-Technological Priorities for CPS Deployment Main Barriers for CPS Deployment Topic Exploration Integration, Interoperability, Standards Security, Privacy, Confidentiality, Trust Business Models Education, Skills, Training: General Consideration on Implementation and Instruments Concluding Remarks References List of Participants Road2CPS Consortium 2

3 Executive Summary The Road2CPS Strategy Roadmap Workshop, held November 15 th 2016 in Brussels, was set to discuss visions, perspectives and priorities in the area of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and related fields and to draw recommendations for future research and innovation activities. The workshop gathered 30 experts from industry, academia and policy-making, and started with presentations providing a broad overview on activities, challenges, priorities and recommendations in the area of Digitising the European Industry and related fields like Advanced Computing, Cyber- Physical Systems, System-of-Systems (SoS), Internet-of-Things (IoT), and Factories of the Future (FoF). Presenters were asked to specifically focus on recommendations for future research priorities and implementation strategies, which are discussed this workshop report (full presentations are available on the Road2CPS website). During interactive sessions in the afternoon, the participants evaluated and prioritised technological and non-technological themes proposed by Road2CPS, and elaborated on barriers for implementation and topic specific recommendations. Amongst the technological topics, and related future research priorities integration, interoperability and standards ranged highest. The topic is connected to digital platforms and reference architectures, which have already become a key priority theme for the European Commission and their Digitisation Strategy, as well as the work on standards to help successful implementation of CPSs. Other themes of very high technological/research relevance revealed to be security and privacy and emergence, complexity, adaptability and flexibility. Thereafter, big data and real-time analysis CPS engineering (requirements, design) were ranked as important fields followed by modelling and simulation, safety and dependability, ubiquitous autonomy and forecasting as well as cognitive CPS and learning and HMI/ human machine awareness. Non-technological priority themes, needed for successful implementation were particularly confirmed to be CPS education, training and skills and business models accompanied by recommendations to address the human in the loop, community building and networks and collaboration on a regional, national and global level as well as across domains and value chains. Demonstrators and living lab are seen as essential to alleviate concerns and regulatory and legal issues (incl. Single Digital Market) to ensure a reliable framework. Societal dialogue and awareness raising as well as ethics are seen as crucial elements of future CPS development, because of the pervasiveness of CPS into every-day life. Further recommendations included to focus EC incentives on open approaches such as open data, open platform building, supporting open innovations as well as open source solutions. Main barriers needed to be overcome, are missing interoperability, integration and standards, the fragmentation of initiatives and across application domains and missing skills (knowledge, competences, IT Education, interdisciplinary). Mastering complexity, terminology, semantics and overcoming concerns regarding safety and stability will be crucial for the success of future CPSs. A major show-stopper, next to high implementation costs and missing demonstration are concerns regarding security, privacy and confidentiality. Business related barriers include missing business models, missing openness (open data) and vendor lock, missing legal frameworks, regulation, IPR protection, liability, and concerns regarding multiple ownership. Conservatism and resistance to change in some sectors and countries and missing Road2CPS Consortium 3

4 entrepreneurial thinking are barriers together with difficult access especially for SMEs. Moreover, social acceptance and awareness need to be ensured and ethical concerns need to be overcome. In summary, progress in key technological and non-tech fields identified, will help to fuel the development of trustworthy CPS, broaden their applications and enable new business. A crossdisciplinary, multi-domain and inclusive approach should be followed, to best benefit economy and society as a whole. 1 Introduction The term Cyber-Physical System (CPS) describes hardware-software systems, which tightly couple the physical world and the virtual world. They are established from networked embedded systems that are connected with the outside world through sensors and actuators and have the capability to collaborate, adapt, and evolve. In the ARTEMIS SRA 2016, CPS are described as Embedded Intelligent ICT Systems that make products smarter, more interconnected, interdependent, collaborative and autonomous. In the future world of CPS, a huge number of devices connected to the physical world will be able to exchange data with each other, access web services, and interact with people (EC). Moreover, information systems will sense, monitor and even control the physical world via Cyber-Physical Systems and the Internet of Things (HiPEAC Vision 2015). Cyber-Physical Systems find their application in many highly relevant areas to our society: multimodal transport, health, smart factories, smart grids and smart cities amongst others. The deployment of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) is expected to increase substantially over the next decades, holding great potential for novel applications and innovative product development. Digital technologies have already pervaded day-to-day life massively, affecting all kinds of interactions between humans and their environment. However, the inherent complexity of CPSs, as well as the need to meet optimised performance and comply with essential requirements like safety, privacy, security, raises many questions that are already beginning to be explored by the research community. Road2CPS aims at accelerating uptake and implementation of these efforts through an interactive, community based approach. The Road2CPS project is a 24-month coordination and support action, co-funded under the European Union's H2020 Research and Innovation Programme in the area of Smart Cyber-Physical Systems. The project aims to carry out strategic action for future CPS through roadmaps, impact multiplications and constituency building. Road2CPS is coordinated by the Steinbeis-Europa-Zentrum in Germany and supported by six other partners from four European countries (Loughborough University, UK; Newcastle University, UK; CEA, France; Fraunhofer IPA, Germany; AnySolution, Spain and ATOS, Spain). The Road2CPS Strategy Workshop aimed at discussing relevant technology fields and related research priorities to fuel the development of trustworthy CPS, as well as the specific needs and barriers for a successful implementation in different application domains and to derive recommendations for strategic action. Visions and priorities of recently produced roadmaps were discussed, complemented by sharing views and perspectives on CPS implementation by large and small companies as well as business and policy related barriers, enablers and success factors. Road2CPS Consortium 4

5 2 Workshop Agenda Road2CPS STRATEGY WORKSHOP 09:00 Registration 09:30 Welcome and Introduction Meike Reimann, Coordinator Road2CPS, Steinbeis-Europa-Zentrum 9:45 Key Note Presentations Digitizing the European Industry, Werner Steinhögl, European Commission ARTEMIS SRA, Ad ten Berg, Artemis-IA Industry Key-Note, Stamatis Karnouskos, SAP SME Key-Note, Haydn Thompson, THHINK Wireless Technologies Ltd. 11:15 Coffee Break 11:30 Recommendations from different Roadmaps / Initiatives CPSoS Roadmap, Christian Sonntag, TU Dortmund HiPEAC Vision, Koen De Bosschere, Ghent University EFFRA Roadmap, Željko Pazin, EFFRA Industry 4.0 and Industrial internet, Daniel Stock, IPA scorpius Roadmap (FoF-CPS), Anna De Carolis, Politecnico di Milano IoT Vision, Ovidiu Vermesan, SINTEF ICT NESSI view, Andreas Metzger, University Duisburg Essen 13:00 Lunch 14:00 Elaboration of Priority Matrix (Technology and Non-Technology Priorities) Road2CPS findings and workshop methodology, Meike Reimann, Steinbeis-Europa-Zentrum (Elaborate technological and non-technological topics, prioritise and discuss matrix) 15:00 Coffee Break 15:15 Elaboration of Barriers for CPS Implementation 16:00 Topic Exploration (group work: in depth exploration of specific priorities) 16:45 Final Discussion, Conclusion & Feedback 17:00 Closing of Workshop Figure 1: Road2CPS - Roadmapping Workshop AGENDA Road2CPS Consortium 5

6 3 Workshop Presentations and Interactive Session 3.1 Presentations on Visions, Roadmaps, Priorities and Recommendations During the morning and early afternoon 11 presentation were given, to provide the group with a broad overview on EC supported roadmaps, projects and initiatives as well as different perspectives from SMEs, large industries and EC policy making regarding the Digitisation of the European Industry. The presentations focused on challenges, priorities and recommendations as seen from the different (but related) communities in the area of Digitising, including Advanced Computing, Cyber- Physical Systems, System-of-Systems (SoS), Internet-of-Things (IoT), and Factories of the Future (FoF). The full presentations are available on the Road2CPS website (resources): Introduction to the Workshop (Meike Reimann, Steinbeis-Europa-Zentrum) Meike presents the agenda and objectives of the meeting, pointing out that the focus is on recommendations regarding research priorities on implementation strategies for future EC activities. Meike highlights, that the participants, next to individual views, also present a whole initiative/network/roadmap, and can be seen as the voice of a bigger community. She shortly presents the Road2CPS project and informs the participants that the results of the workshop will feed into the Road2CPS Strategy Roadmap and Recommendations for research priorities, implementation and innovation strategies and business opportunities documents. Figure 2: Road2CPS project partners and overall objectives (targeted during the day in blue) The full presentation is available under the following link: Road2CPS Consortium 6

7 3.1.2 European Commission Implementing the Digitizing European Industry Initiative (Werner Steinhögl, EC) Werner presents the motivation, strategy and activities of the Digitising the European Industry (DEI) initiative, which has launched a related EC Communication last June and is promoted by G. Oettinger throughout the member states. The EC strategy for re-industrialisation includes: the facilitation of coordination of European, national and regional initiatives the mainstreaming of digital innovation across all sectors by setting up a pan-european network of innovation hubs strengthening leadership in key parts of the digital value chain incl. PPPs, industrial platforms, large scale pilots, and testbeds preparing people for the digital age (skills and training) providing a regulatory framework supporting the developments of standards a European cloud initiative in a data driven economy an egovernment action plan for digital public services Figure 3: EC Communication Digitising the European Industry (main themes for the workshop in red frame) A key factor for success is seen in a major contribution and cooperation of the member states as well as the coordination of the existing and emerging regional, national and EC digitisation efforts (the EC initiative can act as the strategic link between them and give visibility). Many regional, national and EC initiatives are in place and represent a good starting point to build on (see picture below). Regarding the mainstreaming of digital innovation across all sectors, EC initiatives like the I4MS (Innovation for Manufacturing SMEs - FoF) and SAE (Smart Anything Everywhere - ICT) are already up and running, building an ecosystem of connected Competence Centres and Digital Innovation Hubs (DIH), providing support to companies/smes all across Europe to facilitate mastering digitisation. Convincing examples and success stories of application experiments enabled with cascading Road2CPS Consortium 7

8 funding in combination with support by the related design centres already published through the pan-european network. Such initiatives will be further enhanced in the upcoming work programmes. Figure 4: Regional, national and EC initiatives as a starting point for a European Platform of National Initiatives and a pan- European network of Digital Innovation Hubs Another pillar of the DEI strategy is strengthening leadership in key parts of the digital value chain including PPPs, industrial platforms, large scale pilots and testbeds. A platform is explained in analogy to a smartphone, to be the operating system linking sensors (the physical world) to applications. The analogy is also provided as a way to show an ecosystem where different players connect services that multiply the adoption of such platform and create multi-side markets. Here again cooperation with national initiatives is important (as well as the alignment with regional investments). Eleven FoF projects have recently started with focus on digital platforms, especially on collaborative manufacturing and/or factory automation, connecting manufacturing services through platforms, compatibility with legacy information systems, reference implementations, ecosystem building, open to 3rd party innovation, building on running platform initiatives, and integrating digital technologies. User-driven proof-of-concept are performed via 25 use-cases in 15 sectors: White goods, automotive, plastic and metal parts, automation solutions, medical devices, electronics, heavy equipment, process industry, packaging machines, machine building, machine components, PV manufacturing, fashion, furniture, aerospace, + lab-based testbeds). Projects need to cooperate (aligning initiatives) to develop and integrate platforms. Road2CPS Consortium 8

9 Figure 5: Digital Industrial Platforms: Aligning Initiatives In terms of Digital Industrial Platforms, an overall goal is to align regional, national and EU strategies on platforms and large-scale reference implementations. Initiatives by industry, member states and regions are foreseen to be linked by the EC work programme with an invest of over 100M in activities including PPPs, FoF and SPIRE, above others. A focus will be put on a small number of larger strategic pan-european Innovation Actions, which pool resources across EU. Regarding the political roadmap to materialise the DEI vision, different working groups have been set up (WG1: Access, WG2: Platforms, WG3: Regulation, WG4: Skills). Draft reports on DIH and platform initiatives will be presented at the First Stakeholder Forum, held on January 31 st and February 1 st in Essen, Germany, as an important input to the work programme Final reports on DIH and platform initiatives and commitment on actions by the member states and industry are expected by June Werner adds that technologies are important, but they should find their way to create jobs and generate growth. So, other elements of not-so-technical nature may be needed to maximise this vision. Other points regarding the execution are envisioned to be: Collaboration 4.0: From a set of projects to programmes Outreach 4.0: From consortium-only to involvement of third parties Dissemination 4.0: From project-focused websites to impact-minded press offices Executive Involvement 4.0: From research departments-only to executive support Open Innovation 4.0: From proprietary results to collaboration-enhancing licences The full presentation is available under the following link: Road2CPS Consortium 9

10 3.1.3 ARTEMIS-IA - Strategic Research Agenda 2016 (Ad ten Berg, ARTEMIS-IA) Ads presentation focuses on the Strategic Research Agenda 2016 (SRA) of the ARTEMIS-IA. The rationale behind the content is digital transformation and the pathway of digital revolution: The digital evolution, or digitisation, is a silent revolution that is transforming our way of living and of doing business. An example for this digital transformation is the evolution of photography: Figure 6: The ARTEMIS-IA SRA (left) an example of the evolution of photography (digital transformation) We started with mechanisation, moved towards integrating mechanical parts, then towards digitising, then to interoperating, and finally moving now to connected systems and cloud computing. Now we have eco-systems. The ARTEMIS-IAs proposition is that CPS are a key driver in the digital transformation. The main trends that will define the new era of CPSs are: The integration of functions across application contexts on large and open platforms, and The combination with the Internet, its information and data, and its computing resources There are specific topics of relevance in driving the process: leadership of vertically integrated companies, the always connected society, the platform concept and the new hyper-scalability business models, data value, security, the SW value, vulnerability, trust and privacy. Digital Transformation Drivers are presented to be: Leadership of vertically integrated companies GAFA and others tend to extend their range from smart products to devices and even from silicon design to retail or Internet shops, while Samsung, Apple and IBM are moving into services The Always Connected Society The virtualisation of communities has changed our society and the way information and knowledge are exchanged, made available or shared The Platform concept and new hyper-scalability business models Platform concept is cost efficient, provides new innovative products & services and businesses Data value Data deluge generated by the increasingly connected smart Things and exchanged in an open-ended relationship transformed into information Road2CPS Consortium 10

11 Security Security considerations are essential as CPS are open and used in a networked environment The software value A stronger software ecosystem is needed to nurture sustainable, interoperable CPS software development Vulnerability, trust and privacy By reaching the right level of safety and security while protecting the user s privacy, CPS contribute in providing benefit to society in various application areas Regarding the ARTEMIS Vision, Ambition and Main Objectives, ARTEMIS subscribes to the Digital Single Market for Europe by providing strong technological capability over the total value chain. Therefore, ARTEMIS main objectives are to: Consolidate the pathway of the digital revolution Enable a more agile and shorter development cycle through the adoption of design by composition and correct-by construction principles Overcome fragmentation in the European supply base for the components and tools of design and engineering Remove barriers between application contexts to yield multi-domain, reusable components and systems Extend the use of digital platforms to build the eco-systems needed for accelerating the innovation and the creation of new business models Embedded intelligence requires integration of different technologies, including big data, cloud/hpc, communication technologies, etc. ARTEMIS works on specific components to feed innovation, namely technical building blocks, standards and interoperability, know-how creation, engineering and architectures. Figure 7: The ARTEMIS-Innovation Strategy and Research Priorities Building Blocks To foster innovation in concrete environments ARTEMIS has defined an implementation strategy that combines (as a matrix) technological challenges/technical building blocks, with application domains. As aforementioned, integration of technologies is essential, and that is why ARTEMIS has defined a structure of collaboration that maps its priorities against those of other PPPs such as Big Data or 5G to name a couple of examples. In order to break domain barriers and boost innovation, research activities should continue to foster the cross-domain approach and seek greater synergies to develop common building blocks. The cross-domain approach allows to share communalities and synergies to overcome the fragmentation and create critical mass for the investments and to embrace the technology challenges. Road2CPS Consortium 11

12 Figure 8: The cross-domain (left) and building blocks approach (right) According to ARTEMIS, building predictable CPS components is needed to maximise the reuse, accelerate the development cycle and, consequently, time to market. New core elements and development and validation technologies are needed for the development of smart, connected and highly automated products. The ARTEMIS SRA focus area is cross-cutting, as the embedded software development, software-based services and CPS technologies, constitutes an indispensable enabler. Figure 9: Innovation environment context: Relationship with other relevant initiatives and PPPs The way ahead: ARTEMIS has established the biggest projects ever in the domain of CPS, the vision and strategy have been revisited; the emerging digital revolution relies heavily on embedded intelligent systems; for all these reasons economic visibility/support should is requested. ARTEMIS has proven to be a unique initiative that in just a few years succeeded in establishing the largest R&D&I projects ever in the area of Embedded Intelligent Systems The renewed vision and strategy aims to pursue this strategy in order to accomplish the ARTEMIS ambition and position it as a world-class initiative in the area of CPS The emerging digital evolution relies heavily on Embedded Intelligent Systems technologies in domains where it is paramount that Europe takes a leadership role. The renewed vision and strategy aims to follow this path in order to accomplish the ARTEMIS ambition and become a world-class initiative in the Embedded Intelligence and Cyber-Physical Systems We need increased investments to support our Research Agenda and to sustain our proposition of an lnnovation Environment allowing high value creation in the new generations of smart products and services Giving the right economic visibility of Embedded Intelligence is of utmost importance to the European Industry for the Digital Future of Europe The full presentation is available under the following link: Road2CPS Consortium 12

13 3.1.4 Towards Value Creation from CPS; Industy Keynote (Stamatis Karnouskos, SAP) Stamatis presents in the industrial key-note a view of CPS utilisation in modern enterprises. He states that the real world is increasingly getting integrated with the virtual (business) world to the point that decisions will be possible to be taken almost at real time. In this context IoT seems an essential element towards the transformation of industries into data-driven businesses. Many business models need to be adjusted based on services/information from CPS and news ones need to be created to capitalise on the technological advances offered by CPS. For example, in a service based world the focus is on the actual provided service that can be offered and not on the lower levels of the infrastructures e.g., on the devise. As such, it may not be necessary to invest in new equipment, but rather get the service and leave infrastructure aspects to the service provided. This is in line with the famous quote from Leo McGinneva, who clarifies why people buy quarter-inch drill bits: "They don't want quarter-inch bits. They want quarter-inch holes". The IoT/CPS focus area can be viewed as a kind of stack of technical areas that need to be further developed. E.g., starting with device integration and data acquisition and following with (from lower to higher levels of the stack) data management, data analytics, simulation, decision support and visualisation. On top of this, we may expect next generation knowledge-driven applications and services. Figure 10: An IoT/CPS focus area view Data management, analytics and assessment become an asset and a business opportunity. With a full range of operations from the sensors (that originate data) to the business value that should be generated as outcome of the process, value and therefore new business opportunities can be derived. In the intermediary processes, we have to consider fields such as IT/OT integration or data analytics to get insights out of data. To get maximum advantage in this data-oriented economy we should think out-of-the-box. Stamatis presents a table that identifies major topics where to invest in research, innovation and business according to experiences from previous projects (Representing a personal view, stemming from the execution of several EU projects and discussion with experts). Road2CPS Consortium 13

14 Figure 11: CPS Where and When to invest in Research, Innovation, Business? 1 Considerations: waves of innovation should go hand-in-hand with tangible business results. We have to re-think business models and business processes, since new technologies enable new ways of doing things. This requires a deep understanding of system-wide economic and social impacts. Other socio-technical aspects come to the picture, such as safety, security, privacy or trust (e.g., if an autonomous car is about to have an accident and has to take a relevant decision; who will take that decision? Who will be liable for the consequences?). Focus should be on value-added services, networks and business models, as well as satellite areas e.g. ethics, economics, society etc. These elements should be accompanied by the right conditions for multi-angled education/training for the different stakeholders involved. In addition, adjustment and harmonisation of EU-wide CPSrelated legislation may be needed. To end with, once again more human-related elements are mentioned, such as CPS ethics, which may require urgent attention, discussion and legislation adjustments. The topic of CPS digital platforms is an important one, but too many projects start from scratch despite huge efforts already devoted to build such platforms (European Commission has funded several of them the last years). Existing ones should be considered as baseline for further developments. Preferably, some of the open source ones should be extended rather than rebuilding similar closed/proprietary ones. Reuse of infrastructures and open data is essential (this should happen across domains, technologies and areas). Another aspect is the assessment of efforts with well-defined tangible KPIs not only during the project lifetime but also for some years after. The latter is the only way to measure results, assess them against initial expectations and furthermore be able to compare with other initiatives. 1 For a detailed discussion check Road2CPS Consortium 14

15 Incremental innovation on top of funded projects should be reinforced as a way of maximising previous efforts. This should be accompanied by an attempt to streamline EC and national efforts carried out in many EU countries, towards stronger ecosystems. The list of considerations /recommendations finishes with the need to focus on added-value and high impact and make benefits tangible and visible to business players and other stakeholders. This reinforces some of the messages already raised in other parts of the presentation. The detailed list of considerations is shown below: Consider waves of innovation in conjunction with tangible business benefits: enable highimpact efforts (economy, society etc.) Rethink of business models and business processes based on intrinsic qualities e.g. smart grid Understand the system-wide economic and social impacts Socio-technical aspects incl. safety, security, privacy, trust Focus on value-added services, networks and business models (from products to services) Create conditions for multi-angled education/training for the stakeholders Adjust/harmonize EU-wide CPS affected legislations Focus on human-cps cooperation & symbiosis in a future CPS-society CPS ethics, law, society: need to be discussed and understood Create open, extensible, interoperable CPS digital platforms (baseline) Focus on co-habitation of CPS solutions and reuse of infrastructure & data across domains, technologies and areas (e.g., Future Factory within a Smart City etc.) Focus on KPI (quantitatively measured) efforts that reduce complexity, developing time, cost, easy on-boarding etc. Reinforce incremental innovation of funded projects (coupled with open access to results) Attempt to streamline EC national efforts towards strong ecosystem Focus on added value and high impact Make benefits tangible and visible to business and society The full presentation is available under the following link: Road2CPS Consortium 15

16 3.1.5 SME Keynote (Haydn Thompson, THHINK) Haydn presents the SME perspective in his key-note. Applications are becoming data-driven and the most innovative ones come from SMEs. In the EU is that 99 % of EU enterprises are SMEs with 2/3 jobs generated by them. However, getting to market for this kind of organisations is very difficult and many barriers have to be overcome. Research funding is important, but also business angel funding and others, since there is a funding gap. This is a risk for SMEs. This adds to the need for skills. Since SMEs have limited resources, it is important to get access to funding for R&D, but also access to knowledge and skills, networking and raising an international profile. Cash flow is a key problem for SMEs. The valley of death exists as soon as we start to produce things. SMEs commonly have to rely on business angels, investors etc. Proofs of concept, working prototypes, engineering prototypes - these are where the valley of death exits. Business angel funding for early stage, high risk projects is very relevant. Other types of investors are typically not interested in this stage. This is where we find the graveyard of good ideas. A funding gap exists in development. Here entrepreneurs come in. Figure 12: Getting to market For the sake of comparison, some insights on the US SBIR programme are provided. SBIR/STTR commercialisation roadmap includes three phases (feasibility, demonstration/market replication and commercialisation). In the EU main instruments include SME instrument (a kind-of copy of the SBIR model and 70 % funded), H2020 LEIT programme (good because it is 100 % funded), Eurostars (percentage of funding depends on your country, so it can be interesting or not depending on your location). A problem associated to these schemas is the low probability of success (around 3,5 %). Other financial and innovation instruments add to the list, such as fast track to innovation pilots, COSME (that covers better access to finance for SMEs, access to markets, entrepreneurship, favourable conditions for business creation and growth). When it comes to innovation strategies different innovation catalysts are mentioned, such as competence centres, regional initiatives, innovation clusters, national initiatives, flagship projects, platform building, LSP, skills. Road2CPS Consortium 16

17 Figure 13: Instruments and Innovation Strategies The focus should not only be on the supply side, but also on the demand side, i.e. use innovation policies to support and increase the uptake of innovation. In general, there is not a culture of entrepreneurship in Europe. We have a fear of failure in Europe, both innovators and their customers we are very risk averse. As concluding remarks, main needs are summarised by funding for R&D&I, knowledge and skills and networking. Current instruments have improved a lot, but the ROI of effort is still a consideration. SMEs can engage better at regional level. The full presentation is available under the following link: Road2CPS Consortium 17

18 3.1.6 CPSoS Roadmap (Christian Sontag, TU Dortmund) Christian introduces the CPSoS project (33 month Support Action; October June 2016), with the main goal of defining a proposal for a European research and innovation agenda on Cyber- Physical SoS. The presentation focuses on Key Research and Innovation Challenges and Mediumterm Priorities in Cyber-Physical Systems of Systems, starting with a definition and examples of CPSoSs. Figure 14: Overview CPS vs CPSoSs The project identified the key R&I challenges to be: Distributed management of Cyber-Physical Systems of Systems Decision structures, system architectures, monitoring and fault detection, adaptation, selforganisation, integration, trust, humans in the loop Engineering support for the design-operation continuum of Cyber-Physical Systems of Systems Integrated engineering, modelling, simulation, optimisation, system-wide and key properties of CPSoS Cognitive CPSoS Situational awareness, (real-time) big data, reconfiguration and adaptation, analysis of user behaviour These challenges lead to the following transversal medium-term R&I priorities: System integration and dynamic reconfiguration Resiliency in large Cyber-Physical Systems Distributed robust system-wide optimisation Road2CPS Consortium 18

19 Data-based system operation Predictive maintenance for asset management Overcoming the modelling bottleneck Humans in the loop These priorities add to specific priorities defined at sector level (three sectors have been included here: Industrial production systems, manufacturing and transportation and logistics). IoT is considered as an enabler for the next generation of CPS. In terms of vision and emerging technologies the following research and innovation challenge are mentioned, going beyond pure connectivity: Closed-loop IoT and PS systems: How can the huge amounts of real-time data produced by IoT-connected sensors be transformed into useful knowledge and actions? Strong involvement of humans But also strong need for support of humans ( Cognitive Systems ) Cyber security will become a major issue A brochure, where the state of the art and all challenges and priorities are described in detail is available for download following this link: The full presentation is available under the following link: Road2CPS Consortium 19

20 3.1.7 HiPEAC Vision (Koen De Bosschere, Ghent University) Koen, the coordinator of HiPEAC, introduces the coordination and support action on High Performance and Embedded Architecture and Compilation. Created in 2004 as a Network of Excellence, HiPEAC gathers over 450 leading European academic and industrial computing system researchers from nearly 320 institutions in one virtual centre of excellence of 1700 researchers. HiPEAC has published a vision/roadmap every 2 years since 2008, which looks at societal trends, the evolution of the market, constrains and advances of technologies and the position of Europe, in order to generate recommendations and directions. The last HiPEAC Vision was published in January 2015, but Koen announces that a draft of the new HiPEAC Vision 2017 is available for comments at: In his presentation HiPEAC Vision 2017 for Computing in 2025, Koen introduces societal, technological and market aspects as well as recommendations for future priorities: The world has been changing massively through digitisation, including communications and social networks. Still, there is a clear shortage in ICT skills and Europe should invest here The entanglement between the physical and virtual world is increasing, virtual reality, augmented reality and Cyber-Physical Systems are blending together and many computers with any shape or size and new interactions are surrounding people Artificial Intelligence is changing the man-machine interaction through natural interfaces and intelligent behaviour. The new systems should be capable of making intelligent and trustable decisions IoT brings also to more worrying titles such as Internet of Threats, due to cyber-attacks. Massive adoption of IoT by citizens relies on confidence in terms of security and privacy and key ingredients for trustable systems are security, privacy and safety especially for critical applications/mixed criticality Embedded intelligence needs local high-end computing and systems should be autonomous to make good decisions in all conditions. Safety will impose that basic autonomous functions should not rely on always connected or always available. Privacy will impose that some processing should be done locally and not be sent to the cloud (smart sensors: streaming and distributed data analytics). In the embedded systems market, almost 90 % of the market is on hardware. Europe needs to retain its capacity to design hardware. Moreover, there is a need new programming concepts for energy efficiency. Growing complexity of SW and HW has to be managed (use of computers to design systems could be interesting). Basic concepts may have to be re-thought. In the US there is an initiative that wants to reboot computing. HiPEAC in contrast proposes to re-invent computing, typically by challenging basic assumptions like interrupts, layered of memory, binary coding above others. Road2CPS Consortium 20

21 Future applications, products and systems have to be smart, connected, entangled and compute intensive. Proposals on future R&I priorities to include: Work on guaranteeing trust Improving performance and energy efficiency Mastering complexity Safety, security, privacy Mastering parallelism and heterogeneity Beyond predictability by design To support the next generation of applications enabled by local computing, customised HW, composability and interoperability and cognitive solutions for computing systems (AI for computing systems, generative design). This should be combined with efforts on increasing ICT workforce and re-thinking/re-inventing computing. Figure 15: Key aspects of products, systems and technologies The full presentation is available under the following link: Road2CPS Consortium 21

22 3.1.8 EFFRA Roadmap (Željko Pazin, EFFRA) Željko, being the Executive Director of EFFRA, gives an overview on the industry-led association representing the private side in the Factories of the Future (FoF) Public-Private Partnership with the EC and its upcoming roadmap (Factories 4.0 and beyond): EFFRA has approximately 180 members across Europe, large, small & medium industrial enterprises, research organisations, universities, industrial associations and clusters. These days, 50 % of funding goes to businesses, 50 % to research organisations and universities Željko emphasises that manufacturing is a huge industry, which means a lot for Europe. It represents 20 % of direct jobs, 67 % of exports, 65 % of business R&D expenditure. Realising the potential of the 4 th Industrial revolution needs support this is where Factories of the Future comes in The progress is explained by with figures such as 250+ projects, more than 1500 organisations participating, 60 % industrial participation with more than 30 % of funding devoted to SMEs. The FoF budget in H2020 is M, 110 M is for I4MS (ICT for manufacturing SMEs) The partnership is addressing all multiple topics to transform manufacturing (from CPS to zero-defect factories). The role of EFFRA is to talk to the community and build a roadmap EFFRA has generated a strategic roadmap representing a living document covering It is developed through broad public consultation to identify megatrends, which drive structural changes in manufacturing sectors and establishing research priorities to allow industry to meet these challenges. Priorities focus on development, application and integration of enablers and technologies. Factories of the Future call topics are based upon these research priorities. The current roadmap includes 6 major domains, 1) advanced manufacturing processes, 2) adaptive and smart manufacturing systems, 3) digital, virtual and resource efficient factories, 4) collaborative and mobile enterprises, 5) human-centred manufacturing and 6) customer-focused manufacturing. ICT aspects are integrated along the roadmap (it is an endeavour of DG Research and DG Connect). Figure 16: Research and Innovation Priority Domains in the EFFRA Roadmap Road2CPS Consortium 22

23 The 5 priorities for the next years are agile value networks, excellence in manufacturing, the human factor, sustainable value networks and interoperable digital manufacturing. Figure 17: EFFRAs Future Priorities This is embedded in and connecting with national and regional programmes including Catapults in the UK, Made (manufacturing industry of Denmark), Flanders MAKE, Produktion2030 (Sweden), Fimecc (Finnish metal and engineering cluster), Smart industry (NL), Industrie de future (Novelle France Initiative) and Fabbrica intelligente (IT) above others. EFFRA provides an Innovation Portal for progress monitoring, online brokerage, sharing information among projects, promoting projects, results and demonstrators to the wider community, portfolio management and supporting roadmapping exercises. A very successful first Factories of the Future Conference 2016: Materialising Factories 4.0 was held in September this year. The full presentation is available under the following link: Road2CPS Consortium 23

24 3.1.9 Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet (Daniel Stock, Fraunhofer IPA) Daniel presents the vision, priorities and recommendations of Industrie 4.0, as an example of a national (German) related initiative for digitising industry. Digitisation in the production sector, respectively the networking in production, is referred to as the fourth industrial revolution. In this context, the Industry 4.0 platform defined the term as a new stage of the organisation and management of the entire value chain over the life cycle of products. A basis for the additional services is the integration of physical and virtual objects into a global network. Production processes become more flexible and optimised. Industry 4.0 presents research areas and relevant topics, and they are classified based on their importance as well as the current German position. CPS-related research priorities account for: Real time capability of communication and services Ensuring of functional security by services provided by third parties Information security with regard to sensitive company and employee data Interoperability of components and services, adaptive interfaces for semantically correct interaction Plug and produce capabilities, reconfiguration at runtime Consistent CPS engineering toolchain from design to operation CPS capability self-description (formalised and semantically distinct) of functional and nonfunctional properties (accuracy, reaction time, safety, security, environmental conditions), to enable automated evaluation Description of communication requirements for automated communication connection configuration, to ensure the correct information exchange between the participants while meeting real time requirements Regarding CPS - ecosystems and platforms specific priorities: Mapping of relevant standards and protocols for domain specific open platforms and reference architectures Building of open platforms to support engineering and services for the complete lifecycle of a product (CP(P)S also as products) Elaboration of reference architecture building blocks by applying current industrial standards and protocols Analysis and consideration of cybersecurity and trust issues stemming from cross-domain and interdisciplinary standards Creation of Meta-Platforms to connect existing platforms, including abstraction layers for interface, protocol and data mapping to provide interoperability as a service Holistic interoperability solutions spanning all communication channels and interfaces (M2M, HMI, machine to service) in the factory Definition and application of open interfaces, data formats and protocols SMEs are specifically taken care of in Germany through different funding programmes: ZIM (BMWi), KMU innovative (BMBF), I4KMU (BMBF) and Smart Service Welt-stage 2 (BMWi). Main barriers encountered by businesses include (according to recent McKinsey study): Lack of co-ordination Lack of courage for change Lack of (qualified) staff Road2CPS Consortium 24

25 Cybersecurity considerations Apparently missing business foundation Concerns about data ownership when working with third-party providers Challenges with integrating data from disparate sources to enable Industry 4.0 applications The full presentation is available under the following link: scorpius Roadmap (FoF-CPS) (Ana Decarolis, Politecnico di Milano) Ana gives an overview on the scorpius project (24 months FoF-CSA) and findings regarding Recommendations & Research Priorities for Cyber-Physical Systems in Manufacturing. The main goal is to define a roadmap on CPS for manufacturing, to understand benefits of CPS in manufacturing and barriers that limit their adoption. 6 clusters of benefits have been defined: new data-driven services and business models, data-based improved products, close-loop manufacturing cyberised plant plug and produce, next step production efficiency and digital ergonomics. The scorpius vision considers CPS on both product and process lifecycle. Figure 18: scorpius manufacturing pyramid Road2CPS Consortium 25

26 14 main research priorities were derived and ranked for short term (S), medium term (M) or long term (L): Predictive and preventive self-learning systems (L) Caring for People in manufacturing Systems (L) Knowledge and skills for the next generation manufacturing (S) CPS Enabled reconfiguration of automated manufacturing systems (S) Novel production management tools and models for CPS-based production (M) Full Product Lifecycle data collecting and analysis (S) Cyber Native Factories (L) Digitisation of value networks (M) Next generation customer driven value networks (M) Manufacturing as a Service (MaaS) Servitisation of autonomous and reconfigurable production systems (L) Customer at the centre - from design to disposal (S) Product Service Systems (PPS): products with embedded service delivery capability (M) European Circular Economy Open Platform for CPS (L) Material and resource efficiency in manufacturing (M) Four different types of context factors are related to the above themes and need to be addressed, i) cultural, educational, perception, ii) overestimation of costs, iii) laws, regulations, enablers iv) EU macro-economic factors, v) standardisation and certification. The scorpius general recommendations include: Education to prepare not only the young workers and engineers for the digitalised challenges in manufacturing but also the experienced work force to make the transitions and the migration process a success with positive attitude in the society. This includes the necessity to establish learning programs on several levels of education from trainee programs to university. Autonomous decision making by machines always involves the danger of harming human beings, which are affected by these decisions. In terms of legislation, the consequence may not be suitable to forbid these technological developments but rather to clarify the existing legislation according to these new technological risk and safety aspects. Standardisation of technical interfaces and data handling must be driven by industry and the European product providers. Politics can support this development and by that strengthen the European manufacturing technology economy. Further information in The full presentation is available under the following link: Road2CPS Consortium 26

27 IoT Vision by AIOTI (Ovidiu Vermesan, SINTEF, AIOTI) Ovidiu presents the IoT Strategy Roadmap. IoT started with RFID some years ago, but the situation has greatly evolved. Nowadays supporting initiatives are IERC (European Research cluster on the IoT) and IoT European Platforms Initiative. The intention is that projects (IoT-EPI Program Projects) work together to avoid fragmentation. Some of these activities are the result of the work done by AIOTI, an alliance that become a legal entity in September IoT is understood as the driver of the couple formed by each real object and its digital representation or brother. It is also seen as an enabler for very disruptive business models. We see more IoT ecosystems and value chains, which is leading to real markets for IoT. Before there was M2M communication; now M2M learning. The trend is also on distributed processing, i.e. a focus on the edge. Some interesting aspects that could have a high impact on IoT adoption and its potential impact are the policies for access to information, boundaries of data protection and privacy, groups that will be empowered by connected societies or the transformation of the global information economy. Hyper-connected society trends are presented including: New technologies will both expand and limit who has access to information The boundaries of data protection and privacy will be redefined Hyper connected societies will listen to and empower new groups The global information economy will be transformed by the new technologies A world where things work and other things know how to fix them A slide on IoT-systems of systems-scale of connectivity presents the relationship between different technologies concepts and trends, such as embedded systems, CPS or IoT as such. The IoT environment is especially complex, with a huge amount of IoT platforms available (more than 360 have been identified) that have emerged to cover the needs of specific vertical sectors. However, it is expected that a wider horizontal platform will appear (maybe as federation of some others) for a more integrated approach. Figure 19: IoT Platforms Road2CPS Consortium 27

28 The IoT architecture can also be explained through layers. The project Unify-IoT describes the so called IoT Service Lifecycle, known as 6As. It will also define challenges and changed motivates by IoT as well as the gaps and the roadmap. When talking about the market for IoT technologies we find the element of the Circular Economy as a very good opportunity. In the context of security, which seems to be one of the challenges in this hyper-connected world, block chain appears as prominent option. Robotics adds to the list of challenges. The following list of IoT topics is presented: End-to-end, security by design and context aware security IoT analytics distributed analytics architectures to capitalise on pervasive, secure IoT network architectures will evolve into become knowledge sharing networks IoT device management for context, location, and state-aware devices to create data structures capable of learning and flexing to inbound data requirements overtime Low-power, short-range IoT networks Low-power, wide-area networks: wide-area coverage combined with low band width, good battery life, low hardware and operating cost, and high connection density IoT-processors, and new processor architectures Emergence of neuromorphic computing IoT operating systems Iot enabled PLC for networked manufacturing Event stream processing: distributed stream computing platforms using parallel architectures to process very high-rate data streams to perform tasks such as real-time analytics and pattern identification IoT platforms: convergence of IoT platforms for low-level device control and operations such as communications, device monitoring and management, security, and firmware updates; IoT data acquisition, transformation and management; and IoT application development, including event-driven logic, application programming, visualisation, analytics and adapters to connect to enterprise systems IoT standards and eco-systems standards and associated APIs essential IoT devices need to interoperate and communicate, and many IoT business models rely on sharing data between multiple devices and organisations Everywhere wireless: IoT virtual/augmented reality and tactile internet Inclusion of these topics in different topics of the WP is possible depending on the nature of such subjects. Two reports are provided as reference for IoT roadmap as well as the IoT market. The full presentation is available under the following link: Road2CPS Consortium 28

29 NESSI View (Andreas Metzger, University Duisburg-Essen, NESSI) Andreas presents the NESSI initiative, which stands for Networked European Software and Service Initiative and is a European Technology Platform dedicated to Software, Services, Cloud and Data. It currently has approximately 500 members and 22 partners (full members). The presentation focuses on Cyber Physical Systems: Opportunities and Challenges for Software, Services, Cloud and Data. Some of these challenges of SW engineering for CPS are briefly depicted here: Human in the CPS loop Cloud for CPS (with positive elements: scalability, elasticity and availability through cloud, fog and edge computing- but also bottlenecks such as real-time data collection, analysis and actuation, multi-tenancy in CPS infrastructure or dependable and predictable cloud SLAs ) CPS and Big Data (with opportunities such as leveraging big data analytics for CPS adaptation, or assuring CPS assets stay online (predictive maintenance) and challenges such as distributed (decentralized) data storage) SW-based services creating value with CPS (with opportunities such as instance-based architecture for a true business network of things ) Figure 20: NESSI CPS Recommendations, Opportunities and Challenges Various opportunities and challenges are presented to be (for more details see NESSI white papers): Software engineering for CPS Opportunities H-CPS: Human-Operators-in-the-loop CPS ( Cockpits ) C-CPS: Crowds-in-the-loop Road2CPS Consortium 29

30 Software innovation (through advanced software engineering methodologies) Challenges Quality assurance of CPS in the presence of dynamic adaptation and discovery Middleware and platforms for dynamic evolution and composition of CPS Powerful abstractions for understanding and modelling CPS (e.g., context models) Could for CPS Opportunities Scalability, elasticity and availability (through cloud, fog and edge computing) Infrastructure cost reduction Challenges Real time data collection, analysis, and actuation Multi-tenancy in CPS infrastructures Dependable and predictable cloud SLAs for CPS (Typically, a cloud offering gives you a best effort SLA. E.g., you can have all our resources in quiet times but we can assume the resources if we re busy. Not sufficient for CPS/RT) Cloud services and platforms for CPS construction and deployment CPS and Big Data Opportunities Leveraging Big Data analytics for CPS adaptation Greater customization and smartification in the products and services (customer segmentation, insight on each individual customer, etc.) Assuring CPS assets stay online (predictive maintenance) Challenges Handling massive data production (volume, velocity, variety) Distributed (decentralised) data storage and processing Monetising Big Data stemming from CPS Data visualisation (in a decentralised setting of CPS) Software-based Services creating Value with CPS Opportunities Instance-based architecture for a true Business Network of Things (E.g., equip all products with smart chips which can identify themselves and produce metadata. Abolish the concept of a database! E.g., if you want to know how many cans of beans are in the warehouse, ask the cans themselves.) Software-defined Industries (= Digitalisation, Industry 4.0, etc.) Challenges Service architecture for software-based services on top of CPS The full presentation is available under the following link: Road2CPS Consortium 30

31 3.2 Interactive Sessions Methodology Stimulated by the information and broad picture gained through presentations and discussions of the morning session, the participants were asked to rank key priorities for future EC investment. Three posters presenting Road2CPS priority themes including i) Technological Priorities, ii) Non- Technological Priorities and iii) Main Barriers to be overcome were put up. The participants were asked to evaluate the themes for additions and adaptions. Then each participant was asked to place 5 dots / votes on the respective topics he assessed to be of highest priority on each poster. Top technological and non-technological themes were further detailed in smaller groups thereafter Enabling Technologies for CPS Progress in different research and technological fields have a vast impact on CPS development and deployment. In order to focus on very CPS specific themes in the interactive session, the following themes were agreed to be very important enablers, but will not be further elaborated during the day (as they can be seen as part of other programs running in parallel to CPS). Communication Technologies Future Networks Computing Technologies Cloud / Edge Technologies Smart Sensors Technological Priorities / Research Priorities in CPS After each participants had placed 5 votes on different topics of the template, the overall number of votes was counted (see table below). TECHNOLOGICAL PRIORITIES Integration, Interoperability, Standards 20 Platforms, Reference Architectures, Tools 10 Security, Privacy, Confidentiality, Trust 12 Emergence, Complexity, Adaptability, Flexibility 11 (Big) Data Real Time Analysis 9 CPS Engineering (Requirements, Design) 9 Safety, Reliability, Resiliance, Fault Tolerance 6 Modelling & Simulation (Virtualisation) 6 Ubiquitous Autonomy 6 Cognitive CPS, Learning 6 CPS Science/Research, Cross-Disciplinary 6 Human Machine Interface (HMI) 3 Decision Making & Support 3 CPS Life-Cycle MGT 3 System-of-Systems, Distributed MGT 3 Table 1: Ranking of Road2CPS Technological Priorities Road2CPS Consortium 31

32 Amongst the technological topics, and related future research priorities integration, interoperability, standards ranged highest in all workshops. The topic is connected to digital platforms and reference architectures, which have already become a key priority theme for the EC and their Digitisation Strategy, as well as the work on the right standards to help successful implementation of CPSs. Other themes of very high technology/research relevance revealed to be modelling and simulation, safety and dependability, security and privacy, big data and real-time analysis, ubiquitous autonomy and forecasting as well as HMI/human machine awareness. Next to this, themes emerged including decision making and support, CPS engineering (requirements, design), CPS life-cycle management, System-of-Systems, distributed management, cognitive CPS, emergence, complexity, adaptability and flexibility and work on the foundations of CPS and cross-disciplinary research/cps Science Non-Technological Priorities for CPS Deployment After each participants had placed 5 votes on different topics of the template, the overall number of votes was counted (see table below). NON-TECHNOLOGICAL PRIORITIES Education, Training, Skills 17 Business Models 14 Human in the Loop 9 Community Building, Networks 9 Collaboration (across domains/value chains) 8 Collaboration (regional/national/global) 7 Demonstrators, Living Labs 8 Regulation, Legal Issues, Single Digital Market 8 Societal Dialogue, Awareness Raising 3 Ethics 3 Open Data 1 Open Innovation 0 Table 2: Ranking of Road2CPS Non-Technological Priorities Non-technological priority themes, were particularly seen to be CPS education, training and skills and business models accompanied by recommendations to address the human in the loop, and further invest in community building and networks and collaboration on a regional, national and global level as well as across domains and value chains. Demonstrators and living lab essential to alleviate concerns and regulatory and legal issues to ensure a reliable framework. Societal dialogue and awareness raising as well as ethics are crucial elements of future CPS development, because of the pervasiveness of CPS into every-day life. Further recommendations include to focus EC incentives on open approaches such as open data, open platform building, supporting open innovations as well as open source solutions. Road2CPS Consortium 32

33 3.2.5 Main Barriers for CPS Deployment After each participants had placed 5 votes on different topics of the template, the overall number of votes was counted (see table below). MAIN BARRIERS Missing Interoperability, Integration, Standards 18 Fragmentation of Initiatives and Across Application Domains 13 Missing Skills, Knowledge, Competences, IT Education, Multidisciplinary 10 Mastering Complexity, Terminology, Semantics 9 Vendor Lock, Missing Openness, Open Data (Open Innovation) 7 Missing Business Models 6 Difficult Access for SMEs 6 Concerns regarding Security and Privacy 5 Conservatism, Resistance to Change 4 Missing Entrepreneurial Thinking 4 Missing Demonstration 4 High Up-front Investment, Implementation Costs, Unclear Economic Benefits 4 Missing Legal Frameworks, Regulation, IPR Protection, Liability 3 Social Acceptance, Awareness, Ethical Concerns 2 Concerns regarding Safety and Stability 1 Concerns Regarding Multiple Ownership 0 Table 3: Ranking of Road2CPS Main Barriers for CPS Deployment Main barriers to be overcome, are missing interoperability, integration and standards, the fragmentation of initiatives and across application domains and missing skills (knowledge, competences, IT education, interdisciplinarity). Mastering complexity and overcoming concerns regarding safety and stability will be crucial for the success of future CPSs. A major showstopper, next to high implementation costs and missing demonstration are concerns regarding security, privacy and confidentiality. Business related barriers include missing business models, missing openness (open data) and vendor lock, missing legal frameworks, regulation, IPR protection, liability and concerns regarding multiple ownership. Conservatism and resistance to change in some sectors and countries and missing entrepreneurial thinking are barriers together with difficult access especially for SMEs. Moreover, social acceptance and awareness needs to be ensured and ethical concerns need to be overcome. Road2CPS Consortium 33

34 3.3 Topic Exploration From the highest ranked technological and non-technological priorities, the participants chose to elaborate in more detailed on: Integration, Interoperability, Standards Security, Privacy, Confidentiality, Trust Education, Training, Skills Business Models General Considerations on Implementation and Instruments The participants split in smaller groups and results are summarised in the following sub sections Integration, Interoperability, Standards The group was asked to define five sub-topics of high importance/priority in the area of Integration, Interoperability, Standards to propose for future EC investment. Table 4: Definition of sub-topics for Integration, Interoperability, Standards The first subtopic smart semantics for CPS combines themes including meta-models, semantics and self-learning dictionaries. The discussion resulted in a common viewpoint that the emergence of current platforms will result in a number of domain specific platforms and not one or few large platforms. Since a common data model for interoperability is unlikely, the interdisciplinary approach of these three topics is a feasible approach to enable integration across platforms. This leads to subtopic 2, which aims to support a basic interoperability for various domain specific platforms by consolidating standards and reference architectures. Subtopic 3 and 4 are related, since their core goal is to enable faster and better exchange of experience and technology transfer of SMEs to support innovation. Either by providing test suites for cross-domain equipment interoperability development or by creating ecosystems where participants can generate synergies. Finally, the integration of humans in digitised process chains has been identified as an important matter, since the increased use of information and CPS technology will lead to changes in how current processes are executed, and humans need to be integrated in an efficient, safe and meaningful way. Road2CPS Consortium 34

35 3.3.2 Security, Privacy, Confidentiality, Trust A small group discussed the issues, which have been raised in the related topics of security, privacy, confidentiality, trust. The group agreed that security techniques currently in use need to be extended to cover an entire CPS in its end-to-end operations, to ensure that the hybrid, distributed, Systemsof-Systems nature of a CPS cannot be exploited by attackers. The group pointed out different aspects of privacy which will be important for CPS engineering, including a notion of private privacy (protecting individuals data) and also commercial privacy (protecting data which may be commercially sensitive). CPSs are likely to include low-powered, low-resourced device, and we need methods for securing this type of device. However, the group felt that work is already underway to tackle this challenge and other topics would benefit more from EU research investment. Issues raised by the group included: Difficulty ensuring security for CPSs, partly because CPSs are adaptable and dynamic. Security assurance schemes are needed for dynamic systems. There s a need to cope with problems when they arise e.g., by isolating and locating unreliable or compromised constituent parts within a CPS. Methods for detecting and coping with breaches are important. For CPSE engineering it s commonly required to interoperate with legacy components, without undermining the overall CPS security. Security approaches must be scalable to cope with large CPSs. Regulations relevant to privacy, confidentiality and data-gathering could be harmonised further. Are the regulations governing what data can be collected (e.g. from a vehicle) the same across Europe? There s a need to balance security and privacy with the ability to satisfy performance requirements security must not reduce system speed unacceptably Traceability and provenance can be important tools for security and privacy Business Models Indications pointed out by experts make reference to create a suitable environment where new (innovative) business models can be tested; however, no constrains should be put when selecting the concrete business models for a specific technology or solution. It is up to each organisation to make that decision. Since new technologies enable emerging business models, good marketing campaigns should be run to ensure that awareness about those technologies is created. References on how other industries have transformed their business (this is a phenomenon we clearly see when transitioning towards a data-based economy) would give good examples to other companies. Best practices and compilations of lessons learned could be especially useful for SMEs. Largescale pilots could be a good source for this kind of information Regulations should be adapted in a way that creates a fair competition playground The implementation of the Digital Single Market should be accelerated as a way to ensure that businesses can scale Road2CPS Consortium 35

36 3.3.4 Education, Skills, Training: The lack of alignment between the skills available in Europe and those that are needed to make possible the Digitisation of European Industry (and this, further adoption of CPS) is one of the major challenges Europe has to face, becoming even more critical than the availability of technologies as such. Because of this, the EU should invest in skills development in a more coordinated and aligned way with the ongoing technical developments. Some of the specific needs highlighted by experts are depicted below: Definition of curricula that reflect industrial needs in a better way There is a perceived lack of interest by students to study CPS-related topics. Measures to encourage people to study this kind of technologies could have a great impact Projects and other related actions by the EC should create awareness in communities that are outside the common ones. It is easy to spread the word of results when the audience is pro-active and fully engaged in the topic. However, a clear investment should be made to extend constituencies and ensure that wider dissemination occurs Digital Innovation Hubs could be a good instrument to reinforce some of these activities even though it could be complemented by other measures General Consideration on Implementation and Instruments Fostering the demand: Too much effort has been devoted to the development of the supply side. However, the generation of new solutions (technologies, platforms, etc.) should be accompanied by a more balanced investment on the demand side. Creation of incentives for potential customers and users is of utmost importance to generate a market for those solutions. Testing and demonstration activities should go on and be a core of EU investment. They should happen at large-scale and in real or quasi-real conditions so that production environments are well reflected Evaluation of EU projects should consider more seriously the way these projects cover the supply and demand sides (a more careful look at the coverage of value chains should happen) Public procurement or procurement of innovative solutions should be stressed. Public administrations (at national, local and EU level) should show their commitment to innovation by purchasing the solutions and becoming adopters Rules to participate in projects should be revisited if we want different actors in the innovation environment to take part in EU challenges. Nowadays, many small but very innovative players do not see attractive conditions to get engaged Instruments: There is a general consensus on the fact that instruments in H2020 have greatly improved to engage new actors and focus on relevant activities. Good examples of that is the set-up of the SME Road2CPS Consortium 36

37 instrument or the use of cascading funds through open calls to reach SMEs and start-ups without them becoming formal partners of a project. However, there is room for improvement: Support initiatives like Joint Undertakings, where national funds are combined with EU funds to increase the potential impact of actions. A good example of this is ECSEL. Here there is an opportunity to act in concrete ways thanks to the priority to align funds for the EC, as it is stated in the policy of Digitising EU Industry Big projects are needed for topics like standardisation (de facto standards especially), where consensus among major players in a concrete industry is needed As it has been aforementioned, presence of SMEs and start-ups has improved, but additional mechanism are needed to engage actors such as Chambers of Commerce, industrial clusters and associations, Municipalities, etc., all of them helping to develop the demand side Current structures and mechanisms foster the silo approach. While we all acknowledge the need to remove barriers between sectors, this is difficult to achieve. Most instruments fall under a very concrete technological area or a very concrete application domain. A good example is the definition of Large Scale Pilots in fields like IoT, CPS and Big Data, all of them in isolated and independent ways. Synergies should be nurtured but not only by the projects. Mechanisms to enable this should be created accordingly Road2CPS Consortium 37

38 4 Concluding Remarks The workshop successfully brought together 30 experts with presentations from different communities, including Advanced Computing, Cyber-Physical-Systems (CPS), Factories of the Future (FoF) and Internet of Things (IoT), providing a broad overview on activities, challenges, priorities and recommendations for future EC investments. As many commonalities could be identified throughout the different communities, this possibility of exchange was seen as very important and fruitful. The priority themes elaborated by Road2CPS were already based on many roadmaps and were confirmed to be the important themes for the future. A ranking of these themes revealed the top research and technological priorities seen by the group being integration, interoperability and standards, security and privacy and emergence, complexity, adaptability and flexibility. The top non-technological priorities were CPS education, training and skills, business models and human in the loop, as well as community building and collaboration A clear consent on different technological and non-technological priorities as well as enablers and barriers could be identified during the workshop, while some other themes remained more open and need further thorough discussions. Themes that have been discussed more controversially, include security (an unsolvable problem?) data openness versus privacy, building open ecosystems and staying competitive, the right degree of and approach to standards (care should be taken not to hinder innovation, de-facto standards?), liability, how to involve society, how to ensure autonomous CPS will act ethical, amongst others. As an overall conclusion, it is clear that the funding that has been provided for the development of CPS technologies has delivered useful and significant results from a technological perspective. However, there are many technical extensions still required, justifying funding. There is also evidence that there should be a shift in focus towards the many industrial, business and community issues involved in the adoption of CPS technology. The latter are now becoming urgent as barriers to the adoption of CPS within the EU community. The Road2CPS consortium thanks all participants for their valuable presentations and contributions, the fruitful and open discussions and is looking forward to further collaborate! Road2CPS Consortium 38

39 5 References Invitation, Agenda and Participants Strategy_Workshop_2016_11_15-agenda-and-participants.pdf Reimann, Meike (2016): Intro at the Road2CPS Strategy Workshop in Brussels, 15 th November Reimann-Steinbeis.pdf Steinhoegl, Werner (2016): Implementing the Digitising European Industry initiative presentation at the Road2CPS Strategy Workshop in Brussels, 15 th November Werner-Steinh%C3%B6gl_EC-1.pdf Berg, Ad ten (2016) ARTEMIS-SRA presentation at the Road2CPS Strategy Workshop in Brussels, 15 th November Karnouskos, Stamatis (2016): Industry Key-note at the Road2CPS Strategy Workshop in Brussels, 15 th November Karnouskos_SAP.pdf Thompson, Haydn (2016): SME Key-note presentation at the Road2CPS Strategy Workshop in Brussels, 15 th November Thompson_THHINK.pdf Sonntag, Christian (2016): CPSoS presentation at the Road2CPS Strategy Workshop in Brussels, 15 th November Sonntag_Tu-Dortmund.pdf De Bosschere, Koen (2016): HiPEAC Vision presentation at the Road2CPS Strategy Workshop in Brussels, 15 th November Bosschere_Ghent-University.pdf Pazin, Željko (2016): EFFRA presentation at the Road2CPS Strategy Workshop in Brussels, 15 th November Stock, Daniel (2016): Industrie 4.0 presentation at the Road2CPS Strategy Workshop in Brussels, 15 th November Road2CPS Consortium 39

40 De Carolis, Ana (2016): SCorPiuS presentation at the Road2CPS Strategy Workshop in Brussels, 15 th November Carolis_Politecnico-di-Milano.pdf Vermesan, Ovidiu (2016): IoT view presentation at the Road2CPS Strategy Workshop in Brussels, 15 th November ICT.pdf Metzger, Andreas (2016): NESSI presentation at the Road2CPS Strategy Workshop in Brussels, 15 th November Metzger_University-Duisburg-Essen.pdf Road2CPS Consortium 40