GH Marine & Offshore Wind Current Activities and Future Perspectives. Lucy Craig, Director Lisbon, 24 th November 2008 WavEC Symposium

Transcription

1 GH Marine & Offshore Wind Current Activities and Future Perspectives Lucy Craig, Director Lisbon, 24 th November 2008 WavEC Symposium

2 Content - Introduction to GH - Offshore wind - The challenges of deep water - Marine energy - GH Activities to date - Next steps - Future plans

3 Garrad Hassan around the world - Founded in 1984 in UK - Now have offices worldwide - Local understanding informs global perspective 300 professionals in 17 countries Vancouver Portland, Oregon Peterboro,NH Ottawa, Canada San Diego, USA Existing offices Coming soon Hilversum, Netherlands Copenhagen, Denmark Glasgow, Aarhus, Denmark UK Poland Bristol, UK Porto, Portugal Austin, Texas Zaragoza, Spain Barcelona, Spain Monterey, Mexico Oldenburg, Germany Izmir,Turkey Imola, Italy Paris, France India Melbourne, Australia Tokyo, Japan Beijing, China Newcastle, Australia Wellington, New Zealand

4 Range of GH services - Wind energy - Wind turbine design, certification and testing services - Wind farm consultancy services (onshore and offshore) Wind farm design Energy assessment more than 80,000MW to date Independent Engineer more than 30,000MW operating - Short term forecasting of energy output - Research and development - Industry-standard software supplier - Strategic services - Industry training courses

5 GH Ibérica 24 full-time staff, working in offices in Porto, Zaragoza (ES), Barcelona (ES), and Monterrey (MX) Focused mainly on wind energy, with growing departments in solar and marine renewables Owner s and Lender s engineer for more than 11,000 MW in Spain Independent Engineer for over 900 MW of installed wind power in Portugal Principal activities: Wind resource analysis, Independent engineering and Due Diligence, Wind farm and wind turbine inspections, Market studies Technology reviews

6 Offshore Wind at Garrad Hassan First offshore wind work: commercial contracts 4 GW offshore O&M studies 6 GW offshore energy assessments 1 GW of offshore wind FEED Studies 40+ Offshore Windfarms 8 German North Sea 1 German Baltic Sea 30 Other Europe 3 Other World Team now boasts >50 engineer-years in offshore wind

7 Offshore Wind Software Tools O2M- O&M simulation package Time domain simulation of offshore wind farms: turbines, O&M staff, shift patterns, harbours and vessels; optimisation using the MonteCarlo method. GH Bladed Dynamic module (offshore) Industry standard tool in the design of wind turbines and analysis of the complete system: turbine, structure, control, loads. Wind farm layout optimisation Several tools to optimise layout and capacity of a offshore wind farm. Inc. CAPEX, OPEX and energy input as key design drivers.

8 Offshore Wind Status Confidence is increasing Global market Key role of major utilities Barrow Horns Rev Nysted Lillgrund Rhyl Flats Burbo Bank Scroby Sands Q7 Egmond Kentish Flats Operational Under Construction

9 Measurement Options Offshore Mast Reduced uncertanty High cost Costal Mast Reliance of numerical models for offshore transition Reduced cost Offshore Buoy High degree of uncertanty Medium / low cost Photo: Brian Hurley, Airtricity

10 Measurement Options Stage Description Data Sources Accuracy 1 Site screening 2 Feasibility Maps, public domain Satellite, onshore stations, buoys Low / unknown Low / unknown 3 Interim assessment Onshore mast, site buoy Moderate 4 Final assessment Site mast High

11 Offshore Wind Analysis Step 1: Site screening Maps Risø GH Step 2: Feasibility Data & Models Met. Office (local / EU level) Onshore weather stations buoys Models Wave models (WAM) Mesoscale Satellite SAR Others TOPEX / JASON Oil & gas rigs

12 Offshore Wind Analysis Step 3: Interim assessment Step 4: Final assessment Similar methodology; different data quality MCP (Measure-correlate-predict) As in onshore studies Non-standard aspects Stability and profile Air-water interface (difficult for WAsP) Low turbulence Standard aspects Anemometers Energy yield Wake effects insufficient experience in large offshore wind farms Turbine availability (access, wave climate)

13 Wind Resource Sources of Information: Reanalysis / Wind Atlas Ref: European Wind Atlas ( 1989) Ref: POWER Wind Atlas ( 2000)

14 Wind Resource Ref: Risø (2001) Ref: EOLES, INETI ( 2000/04)

15 Selection of the Foundation Type Depth Seabed conditions Wave loads Construction methodology Cost

16 Foundations Monopile Gravity Tripod Floating

17 Foundation Type: Monopile Steel tube Typical m diameter Thickness mm Sink/drill Transition piece in the top end of the pile Grout pipe with tree inlets Transition piece with tower flange Brackets w. hydraulic Jacks Grout seal Monopile

18 Foundation Type: Monopile Availability of the installation vessels Survey foreign markets Evaluate new designs / acquiring units Limitations of the installation vessels Depth (min and max) Weight: distribution between monopile and transition operations Sensitive to the real scenario Delays / halts to an operation Standard or bespoke monopiles for a given site

19 Foundation Type: Gravity Steel or concrete Position relies on weight (ballasting) Requires preparation of the seabed (and influences it) Best for shallower sites High variability of the cost Strong dependence on installation ops. Imported or locally built? Sensitivity to real scenarios (seabed) Strong risk of delays to the installation

20 Foundation Type: Tripod / Jacket Steel piles of small diameter Potential for deep water applications Installed in Beatrice (Jacket) and Alpha Ventus (tripod) Capacity to build: space, time,... Logistics Installation vessels Deep water operations experience

21 Foundation Type: Floating Key Advantages: New markets o Norway, US, Spain, Portugal, Japan Potential for new concepts o Proof: variety of assumptions Similar cost to gravity anchoring o Needs proof (early stage) Construction / installation flexibility Repair (offsite) and decommissioning

22 Benefits of Deepwater Wind greater choice of sites & countries greater choice of concepts evidence: see variety of proposals greater flexibility of construction & installation procedures easier removal / decommissioning

23 Challenges of Deepwater Wind minimising turbine and wave induced motion additional complexity for the design process understanding and modelling the coupling between the support structure and the windturbine (moorings & control) the electrical infrastructure the construction, installation and O & M procedures

24 Foundation Type: Floating (3 Concepts) Function of the stabilisation methodology: i. Hydrostatic ii. iii. Mass (pendulum) Tensioned moorings

25 Current Situation Commercial groups are playing an increasingly active role Funding is now also being provided by non-government sources The next step, a prototype, will cost several million similar scale as new marine energies (wave & tidal) Interest in deep-water offshore wind is growing IEA Annex XXIII Cost is the key issue Synergies with wave & tidal energy Barrier of cost of prototype Shared technologies: flexible cable, subsea switchgear, low cost moorings

26 Knowledge Wake over the free surface WSM (wind sector management): wind farm management, dependent on wind direction / intensity Optimise layout: minimise COE / maximise capacity Experience Real output Optimisation of the Wind Farm Layout Significant improvements Overview: layout / capacity Detail: CAPEX, OPEX, risk mitigation

27 Future of the technology 5MW+? PMGs? hybrid / direct drive advanced control (individual blade pitch) floating concepts / deep water grid integration availability / reliability

28 Offshore wind in Portugal Potential net capacity for offshore wind in Portugal Net Capacity (GW) Shallow Water Fixed Deep Water Fixed Tensioned floating concepts Spar concepts

29 GH Marine Renewable Services GH Marine group established in 2005 Resource Assessment Technology foresighting Technology review and due diligence Device modelling Control system design Market/Commercialisation studies Device interaction Training courses Forecasting Strong focus on R&D -consistent with maturity of the technology

30 Projects: Wave & Tidal Technology & Market reviews - MS Access database of device developers - Assessment of large number of wave and tidal energy device developers - Shortlisting of leading developers based on criteria agreed with client - More detailed review of short listed developers - Clients include major utilities

31 Projects: Wave Energy Site and zone selection studies - Country specific GIS database of energy resource and key constraints - Creation of country specific marine energy atlases - Clients include project developers and banks

32 Projects: Wave Energy Npower Juice fund: Wave Hub Project - 3 strands: Long-term wave climate characterisation, Forecasting, O&M modelling - Successful application of the MCP methodology - Emulation of the GH O2M tool Annual Wave Climate Measured Site Data Correlate Ref-Site Relationship Reference Data Ref-Site Relationship Reconstructed Site Data Splice Composite Site Data Significant Wave Height (m) Energy Period (s) 0.0%-0.5% 0.5%-1.0% 1.0%-1.5% 1.5%-2.0% 2.0%-2.5% Time (present to past) 2.5%-3.0% 3.0%-3.5% 3.5%-4.0% 4.0%-4.5% 4.5%-5.0%

33 Projects: Wave Energy Npower Juice fund: Wave Hub Project - 3 strands: Long-term wave climate characterisation, Forecasting, O&M modelling - Successful application of the MCP methodology - Emulation of the GH O2M tool

34 Projects: Wave energy Contracts with device developers: -numerical modelling (frequency and time domain) - experimental testing - certification support - full scale deployment Numerical simulations conducted in the first modules of GH WaveFarmer

35 GH WaveFarmer Frequency domain modelling (GH FD) Hydrodynamic coefficients Excitation forces Response Amplitude Operator (RAO) Multiple body interactions Drift forces Regular / irregular waves Geometry / configuration optimisation under optimal control settings Time domain modelling (GH TD) Irregular waves Real wave spectra input (leading to site specific power matrices) Nonlinear hydrodynamics (analysis of extreme events) Body motions Mooring design / influence Nonlinear power take-off characteristics Custom control strategies Multiple body interactions (wave farm design)

36 GH WaveFarmer Wave analysis (GH Waves) Input from several sensors (SEAWATCH, Waveriders, ADCPs, etc) Quality check Key spectral parameters Directional spectrum estimation Extreme event analysis Long-term resource assessment (via numerical and field data) MCP (site specific bankable resource) GIS capabilities Modelling of local effects (bathymetry, shallow water effects, hotspots) Link to Time Domain module Monitoring (GH WaveFarmer Supervisor) Link to GH SCADA Joint monitoring of wave and machine data O&M planning (emulation of the O2M package), including weather window forecasting (emulation of the GH Forecaster package)

37 GH Tidal Bladed - models Example of GH Marine software: GH Tidal Bladed Tidal Bladed developed as a generic design tool Detailed models of blades, rotor, nacelle, support structure, drive train, controller system & environment (currents, waves, turbulence, wind)

38 GH Tidal Bladed - validation Engineering models now complete Validation study initially using measurements provided by the University of Southampton Validation now complete cavitiaton tunnel Tidal Bladed Cp Ct cavitation tunnel Tidal 12 Bladed TSR TSR

39 GH Tidal Bladed - models Detailed models of blades, rotor, nacelle, support structure, drive train, controller system & environment (currents, waves, turbulence, wind)

40 GH Tidal Bladed - models Contour plot of waves of 5m height and 6 sec period Water depth from seabed (m) time (sec) Detailed models of blades, rotor, nacelle, support structure, drive train, controller system & environment (currents, waves, turbulence, wind)

41 GH Tidal Bladed - models Contour plot of tidal mean flow of 2.7m/s at the hub height, shear profile - 1/7 power law plus waves of 5m height and 6 sec period Water depth from seabed (m) time (sec) Detailed models of blades, rotor, nacelle, support structure, drive train, controller system & environment (currents, waves, turbulence, wind)

42 GH Portugal New Lisbon office 09 Expansion of the GH Marine team Strong R&D focus / code development Support to offshore work in Portugal Key partnerships / projects GH has already developed significant expertise in Tidal and Wave energy Brings 25 years of experience in wind energy to these developing technologies

43 Portugal next steps for marine activities Development of the pilot zone Some ideas for a Pre-FEED Study Site Specific Resource Assessment Technology review Farm configuration (lay-out, capacity, zone management) Installation Electrical Design Operations and Maintenance Subsea cable routing EIA & Monitoring Risks and mitigation..

44 Portugal future for marine activities Portugal will be a leading market in marine renewables Strong governmental support Excellent natural resources Established framework for renewables Companies experienced in the sector Other markets expected to follow