UNCLASSIFIED. ERA Summary Charts. The Nation s Premier Laboratory for Land Forces UNCLASSIFIED

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1 ERA Summary Charts

2 Essential Research Areas 2

3 Tactical Unit Energy Independence Tactical Unit Energy Independence Enable organic operational energy capabilities of widely dispersed future tactical units operating in contested environments while eliminating vulnerabilities & logistics burden due to energy resupply High endurance power systems for platforms More Effective Energy Storage & Device Efficiency OBJECTIVES: Unburden the Soldier and extend mission duration Increase Soldier portable device energy efficiency Increase conformable battery energy density Efficient, energy self-sustaining power systems for air/ground platforms Multi-mode energy harvesting and highrate conversion of local resources Multi-fuel tolerant power systems Multi-functional energy storage structures MILESTONES: Soldier Device Efficiency Energy Density AWFCs: 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 20 Exploit Local and Energy Dense Fuel Sources (Mid) Demo 5X energy efficiency over current SoA in soldier portable devices (Far) Demonstrate 10X energy efficiency (Near) Demo 50% improvement in specific energy of advanced batteries (Mid) Extend higher density batteries for higher voltage (4.7V) and safe stable chemistries Integration of Soldiers & platforms into intelligent energy networks Seamless power transfer across Soldiers & platforms organic to tactical operations Development of solid-state alternatives to electromechanical components Wireless recharging on the move Increase platoon level operational energy to execute 3-7 day missions without energy resupply Robotic teammates with self-sustaining energy systems that function for days Advanced power systems for future air/ground vehicles to enable MCoE & ACoE vision of platforms for maneuver that are organic to BCT units and can function without refueling for 3-7 day missions. Intelligent energy networks to untether the Soldier and enable constant on-the move power transfer to systems in need Coordinating Campaign: Sciences for Maneuver Campaign Lead: Dr. Jaret Riddick ERA Coordinator: Dr. Brett H Piekarski

4 Science of Manufacturing at the Point of Need Rapid development and certification of lightweight multi-functional materials technologies for protection, maneuver, and situational awareness by enabling new and adaptable manufacturing processes and robust predictive models OBJECTIVE: Materials Design Develop multi-domain high performance materials, with desirable print properties that integrate with Army platform materials. Develop optimization tools to drive design of parts, process and material to achieve mission specific high performance. Milestones: Near-term (FY20-23): Demonstrate a custom UAV airframe with integrated components (e.g. antennas, smarts) in an optimized structure with >20% reduction in weight Mid-term (FY24-27): Demonstrate printed munition with integrated guidance, navigation, control, and flight surfaces, utilizing novel energetics, and scalable lethality effects Far-term (FY28+): Point of need manufacturing of >20% flight/mission critical rotorcraft parts with >95% increase in time to availability Coordinating Campaign: Campaign Lead: ERA Coordinator: Fundamental disruption to logistics and manufacturing Materials Research Mr. Andrew Ladas Dr. William Benard AWFCs: 4, 16 Process Agility Develop advanced process models to ensure high confidence prints in multi-design, multimaterials environment. Ultimately produce graded materials that outperform conventionally machined parts. Operationalize technology for the Army by developing models to control process for robust performance with varying resources (including materials, feedstock quality, energy and time. Reduce Army inventory and logistics burden through globally-distributed agile materiel manufacturing Reduce time to materiel availability Design flexibility to enable mission specific performance New structures and materials 4

5 Milestones: Manipulating Physics of Failure for Robust Materials Detect, characterize, and manipulate the physics of failure, including fatigue and dynamic damage to create disruptively capable structures that are affordable, available and adaptable Near-term: Focus on dynamic damage, Exploit Uncertainty Quantification for Advanced Predictive Modeling & Elucidate Mechanisms Mid-term: Exploit Mechanisms at the Speed of the Fight Far-term: Create Protective and Weapon Materials/ Systems that Sense & Adapt in Real Time Coordinating Campaign: Campaign Lead: ERA Coordinator: Materials Research Mr. Andrew Ladas Dr. Adam Rawlett AWFCs: 12, 15, 16, 17, 18 Understanding the physics of failure In situ probing at extreme conditions Predictive modeling Manipulate Failure at relevant scales Pressure, electrical, magnetic, topology, other effects to manipulate failure Discovery of the elusive phases of condensed matter Stimuli responsive materials that sense their state Novel/new techniques/concepts Synthesis of smart and responsive materials and systems Lightweight and flexible armor that can sense impending danger, react at the speed of the fight to mitigate the danger Projectiles that can be fired, sense their intended target protective scheme, adjust their effects in real time at the speed of the fight to defeat a myriad of targets.

6 Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Develop and employ a suite of artificial intelligence (AI) inspired and machine learning (ML) techniques and systems to assist soldiers in dynamic uncertain complex operational conditions. Systems will be robust, scalable, and capable of learning and acting with varying levels of autonomy, to become integral components of networked sensors, knowledge bases, autonomous agents, and human teams. PLANNING KNOWLDEGE REASONING PERCEPTION MACHINE LEARNING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ROBOTICS NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING COGNITIVE SYSTEMS MILESTONE: Near-term: Anomaly Determination with joint text and video data analytics (reduce uncertainly by 50%) Medium-term: Machine learning and reasoning in complex urban environment via Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT) (distributed ML with 10+ data sources) Far-term: Distributed cooperative intelligent agents operating at ballistic speeds (adaptive ML ~ 1ms) AWFCs: 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 17, 19 Coordinating Campaigns: Campaign Leads: ERA Coordinators: OBJECTIVE: To provide AI & ML capabilities and systems to assist warfighters in complex environments Diverse & dynamic missions, tasks, goals at varying tempos (e.g., kinetic vs. non-kinetic) Highly dynamic, mobile, & resource-constrained environment (energy, power, storage, bandwidth, infrastructure, computing, communications) Extreme heterogeneity: Mixture of sensor, data and information assets (secure DoD assets, open-source, adversarial) with varying security, provenance, & capabilities (smart & dumb) Varying scales from very dense (mega-cities) to sparse (remote FOBs) Adversaries already on the network, advanced persistent threats AI systems that learn, adapt, reason and act with Dinky, Dirty, Dynamic, Deceptive Data (D5) AI systems that learn, adapt and reason in a distributed manner over highly heterogeneous data with impaired communications AI systems that perform computations under extreme constraints of Size, Weight, Power and Time available (SWAPT) Information Sciences (IS) and Computational Sciences (CS) Ms. Cynthia Bedell (IS) and Dr. Raju Numburu (CS) Dr. Tien Pham (IS), Dr. Brian Henz (CS)

7 Distributed & Cooperative Engagements in Contested Environments Dispersed entities to deliver overwhelming kinetic and non-kinetic effects combining omni-speed (from low to high speed), radical maneuverability and extremely efficient payload kill mechanisms. Guide, Navigate, Control Multi-agent estimation & navigation (i) robust against misinformation, (ii) small, and (iii) embedded within the platform for accurate terminal guidance; coupled flight physics optimized for aero & ballistic interaction of fast, close, maneuverable, and exploding agents Milestones: Near-term: Strike moving target using image-based navigation & high maneuverability airframe; destruction of multiple near-simultaneous inbound rockets. Mid-term: navigation to complex, mixed targets using advanced algorithms and low-cost sensors Far-term: Swarming maneuver of modular munitions; protection from like-enabled adversary. Coordinating Campaign: Campaign Lead: ERA Coordinator: AWFCs: 15,16,17,20 Sciences for Lethality and Protection Dr. Jeff Zabinski Dr. Scott Schoenfeld Decide & Communicate Effects Develop multi-agent decision techniques that are robust against uncertainty & misinformation. Propagate appropriate information for group action. Guide to targets in contested & congested environment. Efficiently harness stored energy to reliably defeat any target; understand scaling of multiple discrete impacts/explosions. Robustly mitigate likewise-enabled adversary Enable all battlefield assets (fires, vehicles and soldiers) to provide focused effects before, during and after a maneuver from the most disbursed positions. Expand the zone of influence for isolated formations

8 Provide CEMA Security Bubble for an Area of Operations or Influence Cyber and Electromagnetic Technologies for Complex Environments Ensure freedom of maneuver within cyberspace across Blue, Red, & Gray networks Ensure LPI/LPD 1 on all CEMA activities Maintain Situational Understanding augmented by CEMA Enable communications and PNT in congested & contested environment CSA Priorities: Readiness & Future Readiness AWFCs: 1, 7, 17/18,19 TRADOC Big 6+1: Expeditionary mission command/cyber-electromagnetic Soldier and team performance and overmatch Payoffs: Better ability to fight and win against a near peer threat in a congested and contested environment (Scenario 7) Shape an area of operations or area of influence Control CEMA damage, effects and interference 1 LPI/LPD Low Probability of Intercept/Low Probability of Detect Coordinating Campaign: Analysis & Assessment Campaign Lead: Dr. Pat Baker ERA Coordinator: Dr. Tom Stadterman

9 Accelerated Learning for a Ready and Responsive Force ERA Research and discover technology (tools and methods) to help individual Soldiers and units learn faster, perform at consistently higher levels, retain knowledge and skills longer, and transfer skills from training to operations at a higher rate. MILESTONES: Near Milestones (FY2020 FY2023) Human variability modeling to tailor individual adaptive instruction (Army-relevant domains) Mid Milestones (FY2024 FY2027) Individual adaptive instruction with augmentation Far Milestones (FY2028+) Adaptive instruction for collective units with enhanced, unobtrusive augmentation AWFCs: 8, 9, 10 OBJECTIVES: Tailored learning experiences to enhance Soldier engagement based on human variability Adaptive instructional tools and methods to enhance Soldier learning rates and capacity based on human variability and reinforcement learning techniques Enhanced learning capacity based on augmentation tools and methods The Army of 2050 will have technology (tools and methods) to reduce the time to gain task proficiency and enhance learning for the same amount of instruction today. More knowledgeable and agile Soldiers, leaders, and teams Significantly enhance learning, performance, retention, and transfer of skills from training to operations compared to equivalent training time today Coordinating Campaign: Human Sciences Campaign Lead: Mr. John F Lockett ERA Coordinator: Dr. Kelvin S. Oie

10 MILESTONES: Near Milestones (FY2020 FY2023) Human modeling to tailor information delivery Collaborative human-agent target recognition Mid Milestones (FY2024 FY2027) Tailored delivery based on HAT context & behavior Collaborative human-agent situational concept recognition Far Milestones (FY2028+) Enhanced HAT common SA through human-agent collaborative tools with tailored delivery Human Agent Teaming Human Agent Teaming (HAT) ERA Teams of humans and agents, performing military-relevant tasks more efficiently and effectively than either group alone. OBJECTIVES: Tailored information to individual Soldiers and intelligent agents Enhanced human-agent collaborative decision making Effective team responses to dynamic events Dynamic team composition across missions Human-intelligent agent teaming analysis Enhanced communication and situational awareness Increased speed of collaborative human-intelligent agent decision making for overwhelming operational tempo Dynamic adaptable teams of humans and agents Maximum manned-unmanned team cohesion, performance, and adaptability under conditions of team member degradation, loss, and replacement Robust validated fielded HAT system AWFCs: 1, 8, 9, 10, 20 Coordinating Campaign: Human Sciences Campaign Lead: Mr. Corde Lane ERA Coordinator: Dr. Kaleb McDowell

11 Discovery Identify, create, develop, and exploit innovative new Army critical scientific discoveries. Discovery is crucial for the Army's future technological superiority, creating technological surprise for our adversaries and avoiding technological surprise for ourselves. Quantum Living Materials Topological Matter Exploit the 2nd quantum revolution for fundamentally new and leap-ahead capabilities across C4ISR (computing, sensing, imaging, PNT, secure comms, networks, etc.) Develop responsive materials imparting living functions (i.e., self-healing, adaptation, protection, situational awareness) for disruptive capabilities in austere Army environments Fundamentally new realm of electronic and photonic matter; Will create phenomena never before seen and materials with new functions. MILESTONES: Short: Improved sensors; Materials with integrated biological components; Modeling emergence of factions in large groups Mid: Small scale quantum devices; New algorithms to form & control swarms; Biological assembly of non-biological sequencedefined polymers; Tools to enhance cultural competence Far: Solve complex logistics problems quickly; Adaptive and responsive biological-like machines; Control the emergence of complex new behavior different than its individual components Coordinating Campaign: Campaign Lead: ERA Coordinator: Extramural Basic Research Dr. David Skatrud Dr. Peter Reynolds Social Dynamics Complexity AWFCs: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 12, 17, 18, 19 Utilize advances in biometric & geospatial tracking, breakthroughs in data availability and analytic methods to understand, predict, and control emergent social dynamics like group behavior (beyond individuals and small groups) Discover and apply new math, big data, network science, neuroscience, physics, etc to understand emergent behaviors including complex and unknown failure modes of complex Army systems Leap-ahead sensors, materials, and capabilities

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