Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Adoption/ Diffusion. Dr. John Jatoe Dept. of Agric. Econ. & Agribusiness University of Ghana Legon
|
|
- Reginald Casey
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Adoption/ Diffusion Dr. John Jatoe Dept. of Agric. Econ. & Agribusiness University of Ghana Legon
2 Lecture Outline Entrepreneurship (leadership, marketing & diffusion) The innovation process Intellectual property rights Intellectual property rights and development Technology adoption and diffusion Other influences & adoption
3 Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurs make things happen They are individuals who take a concept and convert it into a reality. A product, policy or institution. They become the champions of a new process, and they are engines of change. Entrepreneurship occurs in all areas of life. In business, academy, government and NGOs. Entrepreneurs are everywhere, in Wall street and the Sahel. Entrepreneurship can be used for good and evil.
4 Requirements of Entrepreneurs Entrepreneurs need a keen eye to understand economic, social, and scientific realities and the capacity to understand evolutionary processes in the future. They need to understand how institutions work, and individuals react in order to introduce activities and products that serve peoples need and that are sustainable economically and politically. Entrepreneurs also need dedication and commitments and the capacity to overcome failure.
5 Entrepreneurship and society To encourage entrepreneurship, society should tolerate failure and give people a second chance. Obviously, people need to pay for their mistakes, but if the payment is too high, people will not be daring or take risks. Effective legal system is essential for positive entrepreneurship
6 Marketing & leadership A leader may have to sell ideas, promote concepts, raise funds, recruit followers-which requires marketing. Champions - help spread the message, practice, product, etc to bring about transformation
7 What Are Innovations? Innovations are new ways to achieve tasks. Types of innovations include: Mechanical - tractors, cars. Chemical - pesticides. Biological - seed varieties. Managerial - IPM, extra pay for work, overtime. Institutional - water users association, patents, banks, stock market, conservation districts, monks. It is useful to distinguish between process innovations (new biotechnology procedures) and product innovations (Bt cotton).
8 The Innovation Process An innovation starts as a concept that is refined and developed before application. Innovations may be inspired by reality. The innovation process, which leads to useful technology, requires: Research Development (up-scaling, testing) Production Marketing Use Experience with a product results in feedback and leads to improved innovations.
9 The Innovation Process Figure 1. Typical steps in the life cycle of a new technology Research Discovery Development Patenting and Approval Production Marketing Adoption
10 Diffusion of Innovations: The Core Question How do consumers arrive at the decision to choose one technology over its alternative?
11 Diffusion of Innovations - Rogers
12 Diffusion of Innovations - Rogers Rogers: rural sociologist, son of farmers, interested in agricultural issues in US and developing countries: Categorizing the Adopters of Agricultural Practices (1958) Characteristics of Agricultural Innovators and Other Adopter Categories (1961) Diffusion of Innovation ( ) Rogers & the I School: Emphasis on diffusion as information-exchange among participants in a communication process (xvi preface 1995 edition) The diffusion of innovations is essentially a social process in which subjectively perceived information about a new idea is communicated. The meaning of an innovation is thus gradually worked out through a process of social construction. (xvii 1995)
13 Diffusion of Innovations - Rogers 4 elements of diffusion: Innovation (perception of innovation) Communication Channels Time Social Systems The Fable of the Keys an established standard can persist over a challenger, even where all users prefer a world dominated by the challenger, if users are unable to coordinate their choices.
14 Diffusion of Technology - Cowan asking both what interest such a consumer might have had and what sort of network might have existed at that time to bring a stove into a home. (Cowan, p269) Failure & Success are equally important to understand diffusion Stoves: past and present of diffusion (
15 Diffusion of Innovations - Rogers Importance of DoI research: Diffusion follows a pattern Importance of social networks ( strength of weak ties follows in the wake) Xiao et al. on Diffusion & Games ( The rich traces users leave in the form of social networks and interactions online have started to enable researchers to conduct large-scale studies of diffusion patterns p2) Attention to marginal populations & developing countries Work-in-progress
16 Diffusion of Innovations - Rogers Critiques to DoI: Innovation: what is it, exactly? Time: on/off? Long-term? Social Systems The problem of the network described by Cowan
17 Diffusion of Innovations - Rogers (self)-criticism of DoI (ch.3) Pro-innovation bias ( innovation should be diffused and adopted by all members of a social system, should be diffused more rapidly, the innovation should be neither re-invented nor rejected. p100) Individual blame ( If the shoe doesn t fit, there s something wrong with your foot p115) Time variable difficult to measure because it relies on recall Problems in determining causality ( Cross-sectional survey data are unable to answer many of the why questions about diffusion The pro-innovation bias in diffusion research, and the overwhelming reliance on correlational analysis of survey data, often let in the past to avoiding or ignoring the issue of causality among the variables of study. p123) Equality problem (esp. in relation to developing countries)
18 Technology Adaptation and Appropriateness Rarely is the same technological solution optimal everywhere. The value of an innovation depends on socioeconomic,climatic, and ecological specifics. Important innovative activities adapt technological solutions to specific conditions. Export of technologies across regions without adaptation may lead to negative environmental side effects and waste. A technology may have several versions to meet needs and capabilities of various users in a region, e.g., large vs. small farmers versions of a machinery. The establishment of an innovative capability starts with a buildup of capacity to support and adopt innovations and new technologies.
19 Induced Innovations Innovations respond to need and economic conditions. Inventors, investors, and researchers put effort into solving burning problems, and that leads to innovations. Labor shortages led to mechanized equipment. Drought conditions led to improved irrigation. Energy crises led to higher efficiency cars, bulbs. Farmers cooperatives were established during periods of excessive low farm prices. Environmental regulations trigger cleaner technologies. A tax on carbon will lead to improved stoves and power plants.
20 Various types of innovators In the past most innovations were introduced by practitioners. Even now practitioners are important innovators. They identify a way to meet needs. The scientific discoveries of the late 19th century gave rise to science-based innovations (Edison, Bell, Marconi). Major companies (IBM, Sony, Bell, Kodak, GM) built their own research labs. Public sector labs made important agricultural and environmental discoveries. Universities and start-up companies are becoming major sources of new innovations. The ownership of a technology and leadership in its applications move between organizations over time.
21 Incentives for Innovations Patents: Awards monopoly rights for years. Patent protection allows publication of research findings that leads to innovations. Patent rights (for certain applications) can be transferred. Patents are valid only where they are registered. Copyright protection: Pertains to books, brand names, and the media. Trade secrets: Protects against thefts. Plant breeders right: Allows exclusive sales of varieties and allows farmers to reuse seeds. Prizes: Awarded to winners of a contest for finding a technical solution to a problem. Indigenous knowledge is poorly protected.
22 Intellectual Property Rights and Development Investments in R&D and new products will be much lower without the expected monopoly gains. Local industry and foreign investors benefit from patent protection, as is already the case in India. IPR constraints may inhibit domestic companies ability to develop new products. Added IPR knowledge may lead to gains: Production for local markets does not require obtaining rights to patents that are not registered locally. Developing countries can trade access to bio-diversity for access to technology. They can reach special agreements with universities and companies.
23 Adoption and Diffusion of Innovations The use of new technologies spreads gradually. There is a significant time lag between the time a new innovation is introduced and when it becomes widely used by producers or consumers. Diffusion is the aggregate process of product penetration. It is measured by the percentage of potential users who actually adopt a technology. Diffusion curves measure aggregate adoption as a function of time. They tend to be S-shaped. Adoption is a decision by a specific individual to use a technology. Diffusion is aggregate adoption.
24 The S-Shaped Diffusion Curve
25 We distinguish among: Stages of Diffusion Early adopters: More educated, innovative individuals who gain from technology. Followers: The majority of adopters who see its success and want to join in. Laggards: Less-advanced individuals who either do not adopt or adopt very late and may lose because of the technology.
26 Adoption as Imitation Some explain the S-shaped behavior as the outcome of imitation. Contact among individuals is the driving force of diffusion. Profitability of the new technology, ease of use, and quality of technical support are factors that can enhance diffusion. VCRs, wireless communication, and Bt cotton, were technologies with a fast rate of diffusion, while personal computers and IPM had slower adoption rates.
27 Threshold Model The factors behind diffusion: Heterogeneity of potential adopters. The individual decision process aimed at improving well-being. Dynamic forces that make technology more attractive. Source of heterogeneity (size, location, land quality, and human capital). Decision criteria (profitability, well-being, risk minimization). Dynamic processes that drive adoption (learning by doing, learning by using, network benefits).
28 Application of the Threshold Approach Mechanical innovations: Tractors and cars are adopted by larger farms and richer families. In the case of a tractor, L = size of farm a = saving per acre P = cost of tractor Adopt if P > al L = P/a critical size. Critical size declines because P declines. As a result of learning by doing, a increases as a result of learning by using.
29 Other Examples Water-conserving technologies (sprinklers) increase water-use efficiency if: With traditional technology, 50% of applied water is actually consumed. 75% is consumed with sprinklers. It results in higher yield and water saving. Technology adoption occurs: In sandy soils and hills where the traditional technology is especially inefficient. Locations where the price of water is high. With high-value crops. Green Revolution technologies are high-yield varieties that require complementary inputs (fertilizers and sometimes water). They are adopted when: They have high yield and cost effects. Farmers have access to credit.
30 Adoption and Risk Impacts of technologies are unknown. Risk considerations slow adoption. One approach in assessing a technology: Maximize Expected benefits-a risk where a is a coefficient of risk aversion. Risk may be measured by a variance of profit. Policies that reduce risk include insurance (crop insurance enhances adoption) Diversification. An alternative approach: Select the technology with the highest benefit given that it yields minimum required benefits at the worst case scenario. This approach aims to assure sufficient resource during drought. Good inventories, banking systems, and asset accumulation possibilities reduce the need for protection against risks.
31 Adoption, Credit, Location, and Education Lack of credit and high cost of credit are major impediments for adoption. Poorer consumers and farmers may be more constrained by risk and credit constraints. Adoption may be slower at far away locations because of less access to information and sources of technology, higher cost of inputs. In some cases, however, early adopters are at distance locations (if technology reduces transportation costs). Adoption requires a high learning cost - more educated individuals tend to be early adopters. When the technology is simple, sometimes less sophisticated individuals adopt first. Nature of technology mattters*
32 Adoption and Policy The government may enhance adoption through positive incentives such as: Price support of products produced with technologies. Extension and education. Credit subsidies. Insurance schemes. Cost-sharing arrangements. Negative incentives Regulation against existing technologies (pesticide regulation enhances biotechnology). Higher cost of inputs used intensively with existing technologies (water price hikes). Key elements of environmental policy are incentives to Induce innovation of greener products. Induce adoption of cleaner products.
33 Timing of Adoption Sometimes it is worthwhile to wait and see and not adopt immediately when benefits of technology exceed costs. Cost of technology may decline over time. You should wait if the reduction in technology cost> than the cost of waiting. When a technology has uncertain irreversible outcomes- waiting to learn more is prudent. Waiting prevents the opportunity of learning and improving a technology- the gains from waiting should be compared to the costs.
34 Government & adoption Governments and Ngo s are promoting and encouraging adoption of technologies Government is using incentives, initiate advertisement and promotional campaigns. Extension is an institution used for education and support of diffusion processes. Extension should complement private sector marketing of new technology -not replace it. In some cases extension s clientele are mostly technology providers-not users Extension role is to provide balanced assessments of new technologies not advocate them. Extension role is adaptation of technology Extension may initiate and implement institutional innovations
35 Resources Zilberman, D. (n.d) Technology, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship. Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Berkeley Rogers, E.M. (2003, 1995). Diffusion of Innovations. The Free Press
INTELLECTUAL PROPERY RIGHTS: ECONOMY Vs SCIENCE &TECHNOLOGY. Sankar Narayanan.S System Analyst, Anna University Coimbatore
Volume 1 Issue 1 May 2010 pp. 6-10 http://www.iaeme.com/ijipr.html I J I P R I A E M E INTELLECTUAL PROPERY RIGHTS: ECONOMY Vs SCIENCE &TECHNOLOGY ABSTRACT Sankar Narayanan.S System Analyst, Anna University
More informationChapter 8. Technology and Growth
Chapter 8 Technology and Growth The proximate causes Physical capital Population growth fertility mortality Human capital Health Education Productivity Technology Efficiency International trade 2 Plan
More informationAn Introduction to China s Science and Technology Policy
An Introduction to China s Science and Technology Policy SHANG Yong, Ph.D. Vice Minister Ministry of Science and Technology, China and Senior Fellow Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
More informationTechnology and Competitiveness in Vietnam
Technology and Competitiveness in Vietnam General Statistics Office, Hanoi, Vietnam July 3 rd, 2014 Prof. Carol Newman, Trinity College Dublin Prof. Finn Tarp, University of Copenhagen and UNU-WIDER 1
More informationEC Chapter 1. Burak Alparslan Eroğlu. October 13, Burak Alparslan Eroğlu EC Chapter 1
EC 101 - Chapter 1 Burak Alparslan Eroğlu October 13, 2016 Outline Introduction to New Course Module Introduction to Unit 1 Hockey Stick Growth Capitalism Inequality Economics and Economy Introduction
More informationStudy on the Interaction of Enterprise Technological Innovation and Regional Economic Development in China
Studies in Sociology of Science Vol. 3, No. 2, 2012, pp. 39-43 DOI:10.3968/j.sss.1923018420120302.1911 ISSN 1923-0176 [Print] ISSN 1923-0184 [Online] www.cscanada.net www.cscanada.org Study on the Interaction
More informationThe Developing World and the Role of Information and. Communication Technologies
The Developing World and the Role of Information and Communication Technologies Inventions and Patents 6.901 Presented by Mohamed Haji 12/14/05 The Developing World and the Role of Information Communication
More informationThe role of IP and other enabling factors for innovation and uptake of climate relevant technologies WIPO Green technology database and services
The role of IP and other enabling factors for innovation and uptake of climate relevant technologies WIPO Green technology database and services Anja von der Ropp Program Officer, Global Challenges Division,
More informationNitya Nanda. The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)
Nitya Nanda The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) Arguments for and against patent protection The climate change context Perspectives on IPR and technology transfer Patent regimes in developing countries
More informationPublic Acceptance Considerations
Public Acceptance Considerations Dr Craig Cormick ThinkOutsideThe Craig.Cormick@thinkoutsidethe.com.au Alternate truths Anti-science and contested Diminishing beliefs growing We are living in an era of
More informationGetting Started. This Lecture
Getting Started Entrepreneurship (MGT-271) Lecture 9-11 This Lecture Intellectual Property Rights Forms of intellectual property Patent, its types and steps to obtaining patent Potential financing sources
More informationECO 4933 Topics in Theory
ECO 4933 Topics in Theory Introduction to Economic Growth Fall 2015 Chapter 4 1 Chapter 4 The Economics of Ideas Chapter 4 2 The economics models studied so far are capital-based theories of economic growth
More informationModule 5: Conditional convergence and long-run economic growth practice problems. (The attached PDF file has better formatting.)
Module 5: Conditional convergence and long-run economic growth practice problems (The attached PDF file has better formatting.) This posting gives sample final exam problems. Other topics from the textbook
More informationDecoding jute plant genome an eye opener. Abdul Quader
Decoding jute plant genome an eye opener Abdul Quader Decoding jute plant genome is a breakthrough in the field of genomics research and biotechnology. It is a great achievement on the part of a Bangladeshi
More informationEuropean Circular Economy Stakeholder Conference Brussels, February 2018 Civil Society Perspectives
European Circular Economy Stakeholder Conference Brussels, 20-21 February 2018 Civil Society Perspectives On the 20 th and 21 st February 2018, the European Commission and the European Economic and Social
More informationEnvironmental change, patents, and development
Environmental change, patents, and development Bronwyn H. Hall University of California at Berkeley and University of Maastricht Based on joint work with Christian Helmers, U Carlos III Madrid and LSE
More informationChapter: Science, Technology, and Society
Table of Contents Chapter: Science, Technology, and Society Section 1: Science and Technology Section 2: Forces that Shape Technology Section 3: Developing Technology 1 Science and Technology Scientific
More informationInnovation, Creativity, and Intellectual Property Rights
Innovation, Creativity, and Intellectual Property Rights Department of Economics, American University EAI International Conference on Technology, R&D, Education, and Economy for Africa, March 21 22, 2018,
More informationSectoral Patterns of Technical Change
Sectoral Patterns of Technical Change Chapter 7, Miozzo, M. & Walsh, V., International Competitiveness and Technological Change, Oxford University Press. Overview Introduction Why should we classify sectoral
More informationTRANSFORMING DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY INTO OPPORTUNITY MARKET PLACE CHANGE & THE COOPERATIVE
TRANSFORMING DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY INTO OPPORTUNITY MARKET PLACE CHANGE & THE COOPERATIVE Michael J.T. Steep Executive Director, Stanford Disruptive Technology & Digital Cities Co-Bank 2018 August in Colorado
More informationIf you can t do it better, why do it? -- Herbert H. Dow
Maximizing Return on R&D Investments t in Tough Economic Times A Large Company Perspective Dr. Susan Butts Sr. Director, External Science & Technology Programs The Dow Chemical Company Past President,
More informationPaper Products from Kenaf. Presented to: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops Phoenix, Arizona November 10, 1998
Paper Products from Kenaf Presented to: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops Phoenix, Arizona November 10, 1998 Introduction Presented by: Thomas A. Rymsza President and Founder KP Products
More informationInnovation Management Processes in SMEs: The New Zealand. Experience
Innovation Management Processes in SMEs: The New Zealand Experience Professor Delwyn N. Clark Waikato Management School, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand Email: dnclark@mngt.waikato.ac.nz Stream:
More informationResearch on Intellectual Property Benefits Allocation Mechanism Using Case of Regional-Development Oriented Collaborative Innovation Center of China
Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 2015, 5, 428-433 Published Online August 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojapps http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojapps.2015.58042 Research on Intellectual Property
More informationIntellectual Property and Technology Transfer
Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer New Approaches Michael A. Kock PPP Innovation Platform Workshop, Zürich Oerlikon, May 31, 2011 Technologies in Plant Breeding Conventional Breeding Crossing
More informationStatement by the BIAC Committee on Technology and Industry on THE IMPACT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION ON INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD OECD Comité Consultatif Economique et Industriel Auprès de l l OCDE Statement by the BIAC Committee on Technology and Industry on THE IMPACT OF INTELLECTUAL
More informationThe Role of Effective Intellectual Property Management in Enhancing the Competitiveness of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)
The Role of Effective Intellectual Property Management in Enhancing the Competitiveness of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) Training of Trainers Program on Effective Intellectual Property Asset
More informationChapter 11 Cooperation, Promotion and Enhancement of Trade Relations
Chapter 11 Cooperation, Promotion and Enhancement of Trade Relations Article 118: General Objective 1. The objective of this Chapter is to establish a framework and mechanisms for present and future development
More informationDomestic Reform and Global Integration: The Evolution of China s Innovation System and Innovation Policies
Domestic Reform and Global Integration: The Evolution of China s Innovation System and Innovation Policies Dr. Lan Xue, Professor and Dean School of Public Policy and Management Tsinghua University Emerging
More informationInnovation in the Canadian Agri- Food Sector
Innovation in the Canadian Agri- Food Sector David Sparling and Erna van Duren Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Business University of Guelph Overview Definitions, Dimensions and Process Innovation
More informationBeyond the Disruptive Innovation Trap
Beyond the Disruptive Innovation Trap HEIs and Regional Clusters as Knowledge Sharing Networks Susan Christopherson Cornell University smc23@cornell.edu First Principles: What are We Trying to For Enterprises:
More informationComplexity Perspectives in Innovation and Social Change. Sander van der Leeuw Arizona State University Santa Fe Institute
Complexity Perspectives in Innovation and Social Change Sander van der Leeuw Arizona State University Santa Fe Institute 1 The message ± We must innovate to create a sustainable society ± The threat to
More informationClimate Change Innovation and Technology Framework 2017
Climate Change Innovation and Technology Framework 2017 Advancing Alberta s environmental performance and diversification through investments in innovation and technology Table of Contents 2 Message from
More informationNational Innovation System of Mongolia
National Innovation System of Mongolia Academician Enkhtuvshin B. Mongolians are people with rich tradition of knowledge. When the Great Mongolian Empire was established in the heart of Asia, Chinggis
More informationGeneral aspects of the technological approach to international trade
General aspects of the technological approach to international trade Innovation and Trade Shumpeter: the entrepreneur-innovator has a key role in the introduction of new goods and technology in the economy
More informationTechnology and Innovation - A Catalyst for Development
2017/ISOM/SYM/004 Session 1 Technology and Innovation - A Catalyst for Development Submitted by: Papua New Guinea Symposium on APEC 2018 Priorities Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea 5 December 2017 Technology
More informationEnvironmental technology diffusion in developing countries
03/05/2013 Environmental technology diffusion in developing countries The roles of different actors in the transition to a sustainable society Saskia Manshoven Study commissioned by the European Commission,
More informationThe Localization of Innovative Activity
The Localization of Innovative Activity Characteristics, Determinants and Perspectives Giovanni Peri (University of California, Davis and NBER) Prepared for the Conference Education & Productivity Seattle,
More informationREPUBLIC OF TOGO. Census of Agriculture 2012 of Togo : Overview and experience in collecting gender data. ABOU Hibana
REPUBLIC OF TOGO 1 Expert Consultation on Collecting Sex Disaggregated Data on Land Ownership and Management in Agricultural Censuses ------------------------ Kampala, Uganda, 13 to 15 May 2014 Census
More informationContents. Acknowledgments
Table of List of Tables and Figures Acknowledgments page xv xxvii 1 The Economics of Knowledge Creation 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Innovation: Crosscutting Themes 2 1.2.1 The Nature of Innovation: Core Framework
More informationMcGraw-Hill/Irwin. Copyright 2011 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2011 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 3 Types and Patterns of Innovation McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2011 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All
More informationTechnology transfer and development: implications of four case studies Session 2
Technology transfer and development: implications of four case studies Session 2 Short courses for Permanent Missions in Geneva Monday, 15 December 2014 Michael Lim Policy Review Section Division on Technology
More informationInnovation, IP Choice, and Firm Performance
Innovation, IP Choice, and Firm Performance Bronwyn H. Hall University of Maastricht and UC Berkeley (based on joint work with Christian Helmers, Vania Sena, and the late Mark Rogers) UK IPO Study Looked
More informationHandout 3: Is Technology Predictable?
Handout 3: Is Technology Predictable? Recall the definition of technological determinism. Technological determinism (TD): In a sufficiently liberal society with a free market, technologies will fully determine
More informationIssues and Possible Reforms in the U.S. Patent System
Issues and Possible Reforms in the U.S. Patent System Bronwyn H. Hall Professor in the Graduate School University of California at Berkeley Overview Economics of patents and innovations Changes to US patent
More informationEconomics of IPRs and patents
Economics of IPRs and patents TIK, UiO 2016 Bart Verspagen UNU-MERIT, Maastricht verspagen@merit.unu.edu 3. Intellectual property rights The logic of IPRs, in particular patents The economic design of
More informationUNCTAD Ad Hoc Expert Meeting on the Green Economy: Trade and Sustainable Development Implications November
UNCTAD Ad Hoc Expert Meeting on the Green Economy: Trade and Sustainable Development Implications 8-10 November Panel 3: ENHANCING TECHNOLOGY ACCESS AND TRANSFER Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen. On behalf
More informationProcesses are Driving Banking Innovation Innovation Needs Organizational Support to Succeed
Opening an Account for in Banking Industry Bank through Collaboration Processes are Driving Banking Needs Organizational Support to Succeed Intellectual Property and Patents in Banking The Future of Banks
More informationTechnology Transfer and Intellectual Property Best Practices
Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property Best Practices William W. Aylor M.S., J.D. Director, Technology Transfer Office Registered Patent Attorney Presentation Outline I. The Technology Transfer
More informationIntroduction to the SMEs Division of WIPO
Introduction to the SMEs Division of WIPO Guriqbal Singh Jaiya Director Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Division World Intellectual Property Organization 1 National Needs and Concerns Sustainable Economic
More informationScience, technology and Innovation in the 2030 development Agenda. by Shyama V. Ramani UNU-MERIT
Science, technology and Innovation in the 2030 development Agenda by Shyama V. Ramani UNU-MERIT Self Introduction Specialisation and Focus 2 I don t need to explain to you that science, technology and
More informationTechnology Leadership Course Descriptions
ENG BE 700 A1 Advanced Biomedical Design and Development (two semesters, eight credits) Significant advances in medical technology require a profound understanding of clinical needs, the engineering skills
More informationtepav April2015 N EVALUATION NOTE Science, Technology and Innovation in G20 Countries Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey
EVALUATION NOTE April215 N2156 tepav Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey Selin ARSLANHAN MEMİŞ 1 Director, Centre for Biotechnology Policy/ Program Manager, Health Policy Program Science, Technology
More informationCPET 575 Management Of Technology. Patterns of Industrial Innovation
CPET 575 Management Of Technology Lecture on Reading II-1 Patterns of Industrial Innovation, William J. Abernathy and James M. Utterback Source: MIT Technology Review, 1978 Paul I-Hai Lin, Professor http://www.etcs.ipfw.edu/~lin
More informationJourney towards success: From idea to market a real case study. Dr. Wolfram Meyer Malta
Journey towards success: From idea to market a real case study Dr. Wolfram Meyer Malta 15.02.2011 "The future of Europe depends on innovation" Outline: Factors of success Intellectual property (IP) rights
More informationBASED ECONOMIES. Nicholas S. Vonortas
KNOWLEDGE- BASED ECONOMIES Nicholas S. Vonortas Center for International Science and Technology Policy & Department of Economics The George Washington University CLAI June 9, 2008 Setting the Stage The
More informationSlide 25 Advantages and disadvantages of patenting
Slide 25 Advantages and disadvantages of patenting Patent owners can exclude others from using their inventions. If the invention relates to a product or process feature, this may mean competitors cannot
More informationEnforcement of Intellectual Property Rights Frequently Asked Questions
EUROPEAN COMMISSION MEMO Brussels/Strasbourg, 1 July 2014 Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights Frequently Asked Questions See also IP/14/760 I. EU Action Plan on enforcement of Intellectual Property
More informationrof. Dr. Michael Rodi aculty of Law and Economics niversity of Greifswald
nnovation, Technology and Employment: Energy Global Conference on Environmental Taxation, Munich, 18-20 October 2007 rof. Dr. Michael Rodi aculty of Law and Economics niversity of Greifswald 31.10.2007
More informationWhy is US Productivity Growth So Slow? Possible Explanations Possible Policy Responses
Why is US Productivity Growth So Slow? Possible Explanations Possible Policy Responses Presentation to Nomura Foundation Conference Martin Neil Baily and Nicholas Montalbano What is productivity and why
More informationComments of Shared Spectrum Company
Before the DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION Washington, D.C. 20230 In the Matter of ) ) Developing a Sustainable Spectrum ) Docket No. 181130999 8999 01
More informationSOCI 101 Principles of Social Organizations
SOCI 101 Principles of Social Organizations Session 8 SOCIETY, SOCIAL INTERACTION AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE Lecturer: Dr. Dan-Bright S. Dzorgbo, UG Contact Information: ddzorgbo@ug.edu.gh College of Education
More informationVTIP in 20 Minutes What You Need to Know
VTIP in 20 Minutes What You Need to Know Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. VTIP Overview Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. Not-for-profit, affiliated corporation of Virginia Tech Aligned
More informationI Economic Growth 5. Second Edition. Robert J. Barro Xavier Sala-i-Martin. The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England
I Economic Growth 5 Second Edition 1 Robert J. Barro Xavier Sala-i-Martin The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England Preface About the Authors xv xvii Introduction 1 1.1 The Importance of Growth
More informationAP World History (Povletich) CHAPTER 30 OUTLINE The Making of Industrial Society
AP World History (Povletich) CHAPTER 30 OUTLINE The Making of Industrial Society BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE: The previous chapter describes the dramatic political changes that followed the American and French
More informationKnowledge-Oriented Diversification Strategies: Policy Options for Transition Economies
Knowledge-Oriented Diversification Strategies: Policy Options for Transition Economies Presentation by Rumen Dobrinsky UN Economic Commission for Europe Economic Cooperation and Integration Division Diversification
More information2010/3 Science and technology for development. The Economic and Social Council,
Resolution 2010/3 Science and technology for development The Economic and Social Council, Recalling the 2005 World Summit Outcome, which emphasizes the role of science and technology, including information
More informationTRIPS-Plus Provisions and Access to Technologies:
TRIPS-Plus Provisions and Access to Technologies: Implications for the Trans-Pacific Partnership Walter G. Park, American University 11 May 2012 Outline Notion of Optimal IPRs IPRs and Technology Transfer
More informationACCESS TO FINANCING FOR SMEs Problems and Challenges. Prof. dr Dejan Erić Belgrade Banking Academy Member of the ERENET Network 2005.
ACCESS TO FINANCING FOR SMEs Problems and Challenges Prof. dr Dejan Erić Belgrade Banking Academy Member of the ERENET Network 2005. WHY SMEs? SMEs very heterogeneous group, which include a wide variation
More informationPrepared for BCLT IP and Entrepreneurship Symposium Boalt Hall March, 2008 Scott Stern, Northwestern and NBER
Should Technology Entrepreneurs Care about Patent Reform? Prepared for BCLT IP and Entrepreneurship Symposium Boalt Hall March, 2008 Scott Stern, Northwestern and NBER Magic Patents From a classical perspective,
More informationCourse Title: Tech Studies 1 edits Course Number: NGSSS Benchmark
Course Title: Tech Studies 1 edits Course Number: 8600510 NGSSS Content Focus Benchmark Number Suggested of Points Cognitive Possible Complexity (per CPALMS) Reporting Category 1: Demonstrate an understanding
More informationObjectives ECONOMIC GROWTH CHAPTER
9 ECONOMIC GROWTH CHAPTER Objectives After studying this chapter, you will able to Describe the long-term growth trends in the United States and other countries and regions Identify the main sources of
More informationPatents and Intellectual Property
Patents and Intellectual Property Teaching materials to accompany: Product Design and Development Chapter 16 Karl T. Ulrich and Steven D. Eppinger 5th Edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill, 2012. Value of Intellectual
More informationMacroeconomics: Principles, Applications, and Tools
Macroeconomics: Principles, Applications, and Tools NINTH EDITION Chapter 8 Why Do Economies Grow? Learning Objectives 8.1 Calculate economic growth rates. 8.2 Explain the role of capital in economic growth.
More informationReport to the Committee for Development Policy on Science, technology and innovation for sustainable development
American Model United Nations Committee for Development Policy Report to the Committee for Development Policy on Science, technology and innovation for sustainable development Contents 1 Executive Summary
More informationHuman Capital and Industrial Development in Africa
AfDB Pre-TICAD7 Knowledge Event Human Capital and Industrial Development in Africa Keijiro Otsuka Professor of Development Economics, Kobe University September 26, 2018 Contents Part I: Development Paths
More informationPatenting Strategies. The First Steps. Patenting Strategies / Bernhard Nussbaumer, 12/17/2009 1
Patenting Strategies The First Steps Patenting Strategies / Bernhard Nussbaumer, 12/17/2009 1 Contents 1. The pro-patent era 2. Main drivers 3. The value of patents 4. Patent management 5. The strategic
More informationDr. Gene Leon IMF Senior Resident Representative, Jamaica May 2,
Dr. Gene Leon IMF Senior Resident Representative, Jamaica May 2, 2013 1 We can and should do better Embrace unbounded imagination Uphold credibility as the handmaiden of ability Adopt a holistic approach
More informationSubmission to the Productivity Commission inquiry into Intellectual Property Arrangements
Submission to the Productivity Commission inquiry into Intellectual Property Arrangements DECEMBER 2015 Business Council of Australia December 2015 1 Contents About this submission 2 Key recommendations
More informationThe Role of the Public Service in Facilitating Economic Growth & Development
The Role of the Public Service in Facilitating Economic Growth & Development Lessons from Antigua and Barbuda Ambassador Joan H. Underwood 1 Outline of Presentation Introduction to Antigua and Barbuda
More informationPromoting Foreign Direct Investment in The United States. Christopher Clement International Investment Specialist Invest in America
Promoting Foreign Direct Investment in The United States Christopher Clement International Investment Specialist Invest in America FDI in the U.S. Economy 5.2 million $40 billion $55 billion $190 billion
More informationUnder the Patronage of His Highness Sayyid Faisal bin Ali Al Said Minister for National Heritage and Culture
ORIGINAL: English DATE: February 1999 E SULTANATE OF OMAN WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION Under the Patronage of His Highness Sayyid Faisal bin Ali Al Said Minister for National Heritage and Culture
More informationCourse 1.1 Introduction to Innovation: Role of STI for Growth and Sustainable Development UN-Wide Capacity Building Workshop on Technology for
Course 1.1 Introduction to Innovation: Role of STI for Growth and Sustainable Development UN-Wide Capacity Building Workshop on Technology for Development: Innovation Policies for SDGS in the Arab Region
More informationMODELING COMPLEX SOCIO-TECHNICAL ENTERPRISES. William B. Rouse November 13, 2013
MODELING COMPLEX SOCIO-TECHNICAL ENTERPRISES William B. Rouse November 13, 2013 Overview Complex Socio-Technical Systems Overall Methodology Thinking in Terms of Phenomena Abstraction, Aggregation & Representation
More informationGLOBAL EDITION. Introduction to Agricultural Economics SIXTH EDITION. John B. Penson, Jr. Oral Capps, Jr. C. Parr Rosson III Richard T.
GLOL EDITION Penson, Jr. Capps, Jr. Rosson III Woodward Introduction to gricultural Economics SIXTH EDITION John. Penson, Jr. Oral Capps, Jr. C. Parr Rosson III Richard T. Woodward economics of input
More informationNew Paradigm of Korean Economy: To be More Creative and Innovative
New Paradigm of Korean Economy: To be More Creative and Innovative 2016. 6. Deok Ryong Yoon Contents I. Introduction II. Why New Paradigm? III. Fostering a Creative Economy IV. Assessment and Conclusion
More informationPART 1 THE ENTREPRENEURIAL PERSPECTIVE 1
CONTENTS PREFACE xix PART 1 THE ENTREPRENEURIAL PERSPECTIVE 1 1 THE NATURE AND IMPORTANCE 2 OF ENTREPRENEURS Opening Profile: Oprah Winfrey 3 Nature and Development of Entrepreneurship 6 Earliest Period
More informationGlobalizing IPR Protection: How Important Might RTAs Be?
Globalizing IPR Protection: How Important Might RTAs Be? Keith Maskus, University of Colorado Boulder (keith.maskus@colorado.edu) NAS Innovation Policy Forum National and International IP Policies and
More informationPresented by Anelisa Mente
Rhodes University Library: a shift from you re not allowed to use Facebook in the library to please like and follow our page Presented by Anelisa Mente 14 October 2016 LIASA 17th Annual Conference, Durban
More informationInnovation. Key to Strengthening U.S. Competitiveness. Dr. G. Wayne Clough President, Georgia Institute of Technology
Innovation Key to Strengthening U.S. Competitiveness Dr. G. Wayne Clough President, Georgia Institute of Technology PDMA Annual Meeting October 23, 2005 Innovation Key to strengthening U.S. competitiveness
More informationOur Portfolio Companies in India include (Sample):
The New Ventures program was incubated as a part of the World Resources Institute (WRI), a leading global environmental think tank based in Washington DC. New Ventures addresses the key barriers to green
More informationRandomized Evaluations in Practice: Opportunities and Challenges. Kyle Murphy Policy Manager, J-PAL January 30 th, 2017
Randomized Evaluations in Practice: Opportunities and Challenges Kyle Murphy Policy Manager, J-PAL January 30 th, 2017 Overview Background What is a randomized evaluation? Why randomize? Advantages and
More informationGame Theory -- Lecture 6. Patrick Loiseau EURECOM Fall 2016
Game Theory -- Lecture 6 Patrick Loiseau EURECOM Fall 06 Outline. Stackelberg duopoly and the first mover s advantage. Formal definitions 3. Bargaining and discounted payoffs Outline. Stackelberg duopoly
More informationThe Challenge for SMEs. Government Policy
HOW CAN SMEs MAKE THE MOST OF OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE UK INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY A speech delivered at the launch of a British Academy and Leverhulme funded project on knowledge co-creation between
More informationThe Eco-Patent Commons
A leadership opportunity for global business to protect the planet The Initiative: The Eco-Patent Commons is an initiative to create a collection of patents that directly or indirectly protect the environment.
More informationWhat type of Entrepreneurs (Entrepreneurship) do we need for Economic Development?
Entrepreneurs and their role in Economic Development Entrepreneurs, firms and business membership organizations: their role in politics and development Leipzig, Germany, 29th 31th October 2014 Prof. Dr.
More informationGuidelines to Promote National Integrated Circuit Industry Development : Unofficial Translation
Guidelines to Promote National Integrated Circuit Industry Development : Unofficial Translation Ministry of Industry and Information Technology National Development and Reform Commission Ministry of Finance
More informationThe Industrial Age. Chapter 19 Page 610
The Industrial Age Chapter 19 Page 610 The Second Industrial Revolution Chapter 19 Section 1 page 614 Breakthroughs in Steel Processing Second Industrial Revolution, a period of rapid growth in U.S. manufacturing
More informationChinese Intellectual Property Right Regime and Independent Innovation of Enterprises
Chinese Intellectual Property Right Regime and Independent Innovation of Enterprises Dr. Sun Jian Applied Economic Research Center, Ocean University of China Outline The Development of Chinese IPR Regime
More informationCorporate responsibility and irresponsibility Historical and institutional dynamics
Corporate responsibility and irresponsibility Historical and institutional dynamics Tom Johnstad ØIT, NTNU SMART-conferance Oslo, 28.-29.November 2017 Norwegian University of Science and Technology Themes
More information