Technological Innovation In the 21st Century
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1 Technological Innovation In the 21st Century Charles M. Vest President, National Academy of Engineering Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy The National Academies Washington, DC September 4, 2009
2 Technological Innovation 1. Why is everyone in a hurry? 2. Where are we? 3. What do we see? 4. Where have we been? 5. Where do we need to go? 6. How are we going to get there?
3 Technological Innovation* 1. Why is everyone in a hurry? 2. Where are we? 3. What do we see? *Well, it s not just Technological. 4. Where have we been? 5. Where do we need to go? 6. How are we going to get there?
4 Why is everyone in a hurry? Sound bites Poetry Facts
5 Innovate or Abdicate -Sam Palmisano, CEO, IBM
6 It doesn t matter whether you re a lion or a gazelle- when the sun comes up, you d better be running. -Richard Hodgetts
7 Why Everyone is in a Hurry. Years for Innovative Products to Reach 25% of the U.S. Population World Wide Web Cell Phone Personal Computer Radio Telephone Automobile
8 Where are we? Four Facts Three Consequences One Principle And an Irony
9 Four Facts People everywhere are smart and capable. Science and Technology advance relentlessly. Globalization is a dominating reality. The Internet and World Wide Web are democratizing forces.
10 Three Consequences Individuals must innovate. Companies must innovate. Nations and regions must innovate
11 One Principle Competition drives Excellence and Innovation Competition among universities For the best students, faculty, research, and scholarship Merit-based awarding of research grants Competition among companies To create new markets To get to market first To gain market share
12 An Irony In the 21st century Cooperation and Competition reinforce each other.
13 What do we see? Research People R&D Funding
14 R&D is increasingly performed in Pasteur s Quadrant Research is inspired by: Consideration of use? No Yes Quest for Yes Fundamental Understanding? Pure Basic Research (Bohr) No Pure Applied Research (Edison) Adapted from Pasteur s Quadrant: Basic Science and Technological Innovation, Donald E. Stokes 1997
15 R&D is increasingly performed in Pasteur s Quadrant Research is inspired by: Consideration of use? No Yes Quest for Yes Fundamental Understanding? Pure Basic Research (Bohr) Use-inspired Basic Research (Pasteur) No Pure Applied Research (Edison) Adapted from Pasteur s Quadrant: Basic Science and Technological Innovation, Donald E. Stokes 1997
16 R&D is increasingly performed in Pasteur s Quadrant Research is inspired by: Consideration of use? No Yes Quest for Yes Fundamental Understanding? Pure Basic Research (Bohr) Use-inspired Basic Research (Pasteur) No Former University Presidents (Vest) Pure Applied Research (Edison) Adapted from Pasteur s Quadrant: Basic Science and Technological Innovation, Donald E. Stokes 1997
17 First Engineering Degrees (China Rises.) China Japan China Japan S. Korea US UK Germany US Source: Science and Engineering Indicators 2006, National Science Foundation, Washington, DC
18 S&E UG Degrees % UG Degrees in Science or Engineering Asia Europe United States Natural Sciences Engineering Source: NSF Science and Engineering Indicators 2008
19 Global R&D Investments R&D Expenditures and Share of World Total Data for 2002 Source: Science and Engineering Indicators, NSF 2008
20 Where have we been? America s Innovation System from A Brief history
21 The Vannevar Bush Report,1945 Primary Recommendations Universities should be the primary national Basic Research Infrastructure. Federal dollars do double duty: Procure research results Educate the next generation Award research grants based on competitive merit. Establish a National Science Foundation.
22 The Bush Report s Economic Development Assumptions Linear Basic Research --> Applied Research --> Product Development --> Market Products and Services Laissez-faire Do basic research in universities and leave its commercialization to chance and market forces.
23 From American research universities grew to excel. American companies dominated. Large corporations dominated. Corporations developed massive central research laboratories Attracted outstanding university graduates Conducted outstanding pure and applied research Contributed to the S&T Commons
24 Two Tectonic Shifts in the 1980s and 1990s Japanese companies suddenly dominated manufacturing. American entrepreneurship expanded explosively.
25 Comment The Japanese Total Quality Movement was the Major Innovation of the 1980s. It changed everything.
26 Evolution of U.S. Corporate Innovation and R&D 1970s: Central Corporate Research Labs 1980s: R&D Absorbed and Transformed into Product Development 1990s: Purchase High-Tech Startups to acquire Innovation 2000s: Open Innovation Systems
27 Evolution of U.S. University Research 1970s:The Engineering Science Revolution 1980s: Design, Manufacturing, Computer Science, Joint Management/Engineering 1990s: Life Science, Interdisciplinary, More Use-Inspired 2000s: These trends accelerating; more global cooperation
28 Where do we need to go? Henry Chesbrough Clayton Christensen Michael Piore and Richard Lester John Hagel and John Seeley-Brown Judy Estrin Charles Weiss and William Bonvillian
29 How are we going to get there?
30 Life Sciences and Information Technology 21st century Innovation
31 21st century Innovation Disruptive Technologies For Grand Challenges
32 21st century Innovation Macro Systems especially Energy
33 A new Enabling Technology? 21st century Innovation
34 21st century Innovation Future of Venture Capital?
35 Globalization of R&D Education Workforce 21st century Innovation
36 Globalization of R&D Education Workforce Life Sciences and Information Technology 21st century Innovation Macro Systems especially Energy A new Enabling Technology? Future of Venture Capital? Disruptive Technologies For Grand Challenges
37 Evolution of current Innovation System Inducement Prizes Discovery Innovation Institutes 21st century Innovation Virtual Communities New Universities New Educational Organizations
38 Evolution of current Innovation System Inducement Prizes Discovery Innovation Institutes 21st century Innovation Virtual Communities New Universities New Educational Organizations
39 Evolution of current Innovation System Inducement Prizes Discovery Innovation Institutes 21st century Innovation Duderstadt / NAE DOE Innovation Hubs Virtual Communities New Universities New Educational Organizations
40 Evolution of current Innovation System Inducement Prizes Discovery Innovation Institutes 21st century Innovation Virtual Communities New Universities New Educational Organizations Aalto University Olin College Singapore
41 Evolution of current Innovation System Inducement Prizes Discovery Innovation Institutes 21st century Innovation Virtual Communities New Universities New Educational Organizations Singularity University
42 Evolution of current Innovation System Inducement Prizes Discovery Innovation Institutes 21st century Innovation Virtual Communities New Universities Wikipedia IBM Innovation Jam Social Networking New Educational Organizations
43 source: Prof. David Baker, University of Washington
44 Evolution of current Innovation System Inducement Prizes Discovery Innovation Institutes X Prizes DOE Grand Challenges 21st century Innovation Virtual Communities New Universities New Educational Organizations
45 Evolution of current Innovation System Inducement Prizes Discovery Innovation Institutes 21st century Innovation Virtual Communities New Universities New Educational Organizations
46 In closing
47 Relentless Change Grand Challenges Distributed Intelligence S&T Acceleration Globalization Internet Democracy
48 Life Sciences and Information Technology Relentless Change Grand Challenges Distributed Intelligence S&T Acceleration Globalization Internet Democracy Globalization of R&D Education Workforce A new Enabling Technology? 21st century Innovation Disruptive Technologies For Grand Challenges Macro Systems especially Energy Future of Venture Capital?
49 Life Sciences and Information Technology Relentless Change Grand Challenges Distributed Intelligence S&T Acceleration Globalization Internet Democracy Globalization of R&D Education Workforce A new Enabling Technology? 21st century Innovation Disruptive Technologies For Grand Challenges Macro Systems especially Energy Future of Venture Capital? Evolution of Current Innovation System Inducement Prizes Discovery Innovation Institutes 21st century Innovation Virtual Communities New Universities New Educational Organizations
50 Life Sciences and Information Technology Relentless Change Grand Challenges Distributed Intelligence S&T Acceleration Globalization Internet Democracy Globalization of R&D Education Workforce A new Enabling Technology? 21st century Innovation Disruptive Technologies For Grand Challenges Macro Systems especially Energy Future of Venture Capital? Evolution of Current Innovation System Inducement Prizes Discovery Innovation Institutes 21st century Innovation To Be Determined Virtual Communities New Educational Organizations New Universities by A New Generation
51
52 Thank you.
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