Cyber-physical Systems of Systems The Next Challenge. Sebastian Engell Process Dynamics and Operations Group TU Dortmund, Germany

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1 Cyber-physical Systems of Systems The Next Challenge Sebastian Engell Process Dynamics and Operations Group TU Dortmund, Germany Coordinator of the CPSoS Project

2 Support Action CPSoS Towards a European Roadmap on Research and Innovation in Engineering and Management of Cyber-physical Systems of Systems

3 Project Overview 33 month EU FP7 Support Action Analysis of the challenges and research and innovation priorities in the domain of systems where large complex physical systems interact with computing and communication systems Cyber-physical Systems of Systems Goal: Define a European research and innovation agenda on Cyber-physical Systems of Systems

4 Consortium TU Dortmund Sebastian Engell Christian Sonntag Radoslav Paulen Haydn Consulting Haydn Thompson TU Eindhoven Michel Reniers Wan Fokking Inno TSD Svetlana Klessova Bertrand Copigneaux

5 Working Groups WG1: Systems of Systems in Transportation and Logistics Chair: Haydn Thompson, Haydn Consulting Members: John AMOORE Railway Infrastructure Technology Ltd Carlos CANUDAS DE WITCNRS GIPSA-Lab Uwe CLAUSEN Fraunhofer IML & ITL, TU Dortmund University Judith DAHMANN MITRE Charles DIBSDALE OSyS (Rolls Royce) Philippe LIATARD CEA Leti Antonio PASCOAL IST, Istituto Superior Tecnico María Victoria CENGARLE fortiss GmbH Delegate FP7 project CyPhERS Christina DIAKAKI Technical University of Crete Delegate FP7 project Local4Global Hermann KOPETZ Vienna University of Technology Delegate FP7 project AMADEOS

6 Working Groups WG1: WG2: Systems Physically of Connected Systems in Systems Transportation of Systems and Logistics Chair: Sebastian Chair: Haydn Engell, Thompson, TU Dortmund Haydn Consulting Members: Göran ANDERSSON ETH Zürich Vladimir HAVLENA Honeywell Prague Laboratory Alf ISAKSSON ABB AB Västerås Patrick PANCIATICI RTE Réseau de Transport d Electricité Francesco BRANCATI ResilTech SRL Delegate FP7 Project AMADEOS John FITZGERALD Newcastle University Delegate FP7 project COMPASS Elias KOSMATOPOULOS Technical University of Crete Delegate FP7 project Local4Global Stefan KRÄMER INEOS Köln Delegate FP7 Project DYMASOS John LYGEROS ETH Zürich Delegate FP7 project DYMASOS and Local4Global Radoslav PAULEN TU Dortmund (Consortium member)

7 Working Groups WG1: Systems of Systems in Transportation and Logistics WG3: Tools for Systems of Systems Engineering and Management Chair: Wan Chair: Fokkink, Haydn TU Eindhoven Thompson, Haydn Consulting Members: Alberto BEMPORAD Alessandro CIMATTI Marika DI BENEDETTO Peter FRITZSON Robert Howe Stefan KOWALEWSKI Erwin SCHOITSCH Wil VAN DER AALST Peter Gorm LARSEN Martin TÖRNGREN Christian SONNTAG Michel RENIERS Bertrand COPIGNEAUX IMT Lucca Bruno Kessler Foundation University of L Aquila Linköping University Verum Software Tools BV RWTH Aachen AIT Austrian Institute of Technology Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Aarhus University Delegate FP7 Project COMPASS KTH Stockholm Delegate FP7 project CyPhERS eutexoo / TU Dortmund Technische Universiteit Eindhoven (Consortium member) inno TSD (Consortium member)

8 Kick off of 3 Working Groups (35 members) CPSoS State of the art document and initial roadmap Analysis of the State of the Art Analysis of relevant programmes Consultation of Networks - ARTEMIS, IFAC, SoS cluster interviews across Europe 3 State of the art reports 94 written contributions 3 public meetings with 100+ participants Jan 2014 June 2014 Dec 2014

10 Characteristics: Physical System Elements Significant number of interacting components that are (partially) physically coupled and together fulfill a certain function, provide a service, or generate products. The components can provide services independently but the performance of the overall system depends on the orchestration of the components. After a removal of some components, the overall system can still fulfill its function, with reduced performance.

11 Characteristics: Control and Management Not performed in a completely centralized or top-down manner with one authority providing all the necessary control signals but with distributed decision power Structures vary from a (multi-layered) hierarchy to a fully decentralized structure where only technical constraints, economic incentives and human interactions connect the subsystems. Partial autonomy of the control and management systems of the components

12 Characteristics: Dynamic Reconfiguration and Evolution Addition, modification, replacement or removal of components on different time scales Changes of the connectivity and the mode of operation Systems operate and are continuously improved and modified over long periods of time. Engineering is re-engineering and takes place at run time.

13 Characteristics: Emerging Behaviour Occurrence of pattern formation, self-organization, oscillations and instabilities on the system level Often not anticipated in the design Emerging behaviour usually is not intended in technical systems Simple feedback phenomena and design flaws should not be mixed up with emerging behaviour.

14 Cyber-physical Systems of Systems Key elements of the socio-technical infrastructure Providing essential services to the citizens Backbone of the industrial infrastructure Vulnerable Difficult to engineer and to operate Good engineering and efficient management is crucial for Energy and resource efficiency Economic competitiveness of the industries Quality of life The main potential is on the system level, not on subsystem control and optimization

15 Core Research and Innovation Areas Distributed management of cyber-physical systems of systems Engineering support for the design-operation continuum of cyber-physical systems of systems Cognitive CPSoS with innovative use of the large amounts of data that are collected in CPSoS

16 Distributed management of cyber-physical systems of systems

17 Challenges in the Management of Cyberphysical Systems of Systems Decision structures and system architectures Self-organization, structure formation, and emergent behaviour in technical systems of systems Real-time monitoring, exception handling, fault detection and mitigation of faults and degradation Adaptation and integration of new components Humans in the loop and collaborative decision making Trust in large distributed systems

18 Engineering support for the design-operation continuum of cyberphysical systems of systems

19 Challenges CPSoS are continuously evolving which softens, or even completely removes, the traditional separation between the engineering/design phases and the operational stages The high degree of heterogeneity and partial autonomy of CPSoS requires new, fully integrated approaches for their design, validation, and operation CPSoS are highly flexible and thus subject to frequent, dynamic reconfiguration, which must be supported by design support tools to enable efficient engineering Failures, abnormal states, and unexpected/emerging behaviours are the norm in CPSoS CPSoS are socio-technical systems in which machines and humans interact closely

20 Development Cycle for CPSoS Traditional Iterative Approach (DANSE) CPSoS are never finished! CPSoS is supported by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme for Research & Technological Development ( ) - ICT theme

21 Key Research Areas Integrated engineering of CPSoS over their full lifecycle Modelling, simulation, and optimization of CPSoS Establishing system-wide and key properties of CPSoS

22 Cognitive cyber- physical systems

23 Complexity of a Rail Network

24 Need for Cognitive CPSoS CPSoS are large, distributed and extremely complex and present a myriad of operational challenges Need for improved situation awareness, as gaining an overview of the entire SoS is inherently complicated by the presence of decentralized management and control The introduction of cognitive features to aid both operators and users of complex cyber-physical systems of systems is a key requirement to reduce the complexity management burden from increased interconnectivity and the data deluge The end result of combining real world, real-time information for decision support with autonomous control and learning features will be Cognitive Cyber-Physical Systems of Systems

25 Research Challenges Situation awareness in large distributed systems with decentralized management and control Handling large amounts of data in real time to monitor the system performance and to detect faults and degradation Learning good operation patterns from past examples, auto-reconfiguration and adaptation Analysis of user behaviour and detection of needs and anomalies

26 Agenda of the Workshop 10:15 Cyber physical Systems of Systems The Next Challenge Sebastian Engell, TU Dortmund, Germany 10:30 Cyber physical Systems of Systems in Electric Power Systems and Networks - Patrick Panciatici, RTE, France 10:50 Cyber physical Systems of Systems in Industrial Automation Alf Isaksson, ABB, Sweden 11:10 The Next Generation in Automated Material Handling Systems: Autonomous Shuttles - Joost van Eekelen, Vanderlande, Netherlands 11:30 Cyber physical Systems of Systems Challenges in Manufacturing Haydn Thompson, THHINK Wireless Technologies, UK 11:45 Cyber physical Systems of Systems in the ARTEMIS Strategic Research Agenda Jürgen Niehaus, Safetrans, Germany 12:05 The Way Forward Medium term Research and Innovation Priorities in the Engineering and Management of Cyber physical Systems of Systems - Sebastian Engell, TU Dortmund, Germany

27 Enjoy the workshop and share your views!

Towards EU-US Collaboration on the Internet of Things (IoT) & Cyber-physical Systems (CPS)

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