Scientific and Technological Performance by Gender

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Scientific and Technological Performance by Gender"

Transcription

1 Project report Scientific and Technological Performance by Gender A feasibility study on Patent and Bibliometric Indicators Vol. I : Statistical Analysis IMPROVING HUMAN RESEARCH POTENTIAL AND THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC KNOWLEDGE BASE EUR 239 1

2 European Commission Scientific and Technological Performance by Gender A feasibility study on Patent and Bibliometric Indicators Vol. I : Statistical Analysis Authors : Fulvio Naldi - Ilaria Vannini Parenti Revisors : Carlo di Mento, Brunella Sebastiani, Fabrizio Tuzi Biosoft sas, ( Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche This publication results from work funded by the European Commission, Research DG, Directorate K Knowledge-based economy and society under the Common Basis of Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators (CBSTII) action of the Support for the Development of Science and Technology Policies in Europe sub programme of the Improving Human Research Potential and the Socio-Economic Knowledge Base specific programme of the Fifth Framework Progamme for Research and Technological Development (contract numbers ERBHPV2-CT and 15). The projects were managed by Brian SLOAN of the Competitiveness, economic analysis and indicators unit of Directorate K of Research DG. EUR 239 2

3 3

4 EUROPEAN COMMISSION RESEARCH Commissioner : Philippe Busquin Directorate-General for Research Director General: Achilleas Mitsos The Directorate-General for Research initiates, develops and follows the Commission s political initiatives for the realisation of the European Research Area. It conceives and implements the necessary Community actions, in particular the Framework Programmes in terms of research and technological development. It also contributes to the implementation of the Lisbon Strategy regarding employment, competitiveness at international level, the economic reform and the social cohesion within the European Union. The Directorate " Knowledge-based economy and society" (Directorate K) contributes to the realisation of the European Research Area in the fields of the social sciences, economic, science and technology foresight, and the respective analyses. To this end, it monitors and encourages science and technology foresight activities, conducts the economic analyses necessary for the work of the Directorate-General, and co-ordinates policy as regards the relevant political, economic, human and social sciences. It prepares the European reports on science and technology indicators, and it contributes to the development and implementation of the Framework Programmes in these fields. It monitors the progress made in the implementation of the Lisbon strategy. Director : Jean-François Marchipont. Head of Unit Competitiveness, economic analysis and indicators : Ugur Muldur Scientific Officer: Brian Sloan brian.sloan@cec.eu.int 4

5 TABLE OF CONTENT Preface... 7 Acknowledgements... 9 Introduction Executive Summary Part 1 Statistical analyses of patent data by gender of the inventor Data Description and Processing Source Data Notes on Data Processing Gender Analysis: General Data Patents by Gender Patents by Gender and Country Patents by Industry Sectors Aerospace Computers & office machinery Electronics Instruments Pharmaceuticals Chemicals Electrical Machinery Motor Vehicles Patents by Field of Technology Environmental technology Organic fine chemistry Macromolecular chemistry, polymers Pharmaceutics, cosmetics Biotechnology Agricultural and food processing machinery and apparatus Agriculture, food chemistry Optics Analysis, measurement, control technology Medical technology Chemical engineering Chemical industry and petrol industry, basic materials chemistry Materials processing, textiles, paper Machine tools Mechanical elements Handling, printing Engines, pumps, turbines Nuclear engineering Materials, metallurgy Surface technology, coating Thermal processes and apparatus Transport Space technology, weapons Electrical devices, electrical engineering, electrical energy Semiconductors Information technology Telecommunications Audio-visual technology Consumer goods and equipment

6 Part 2 Statistical analyses of bibliometric data by gender of the author Data Description and Processing Description of the Data Sample Notes on Data Processing Gender Analysis: Main Statistics Publications by Gender Publications by Gender and Discipline Publications by Gender and Country Publications by Discipline and Country Biology Biomedicine Chemistry Clinical Medicine Earth and Space Sciences Engineering Mathematics Physics Multidisciplinary Publications by Country and Discipline All Items Articles only Miscellanies Gender by Type of Publication Gender by Impact Factor First Authors of Publications Single Authors Co-authoring International Co-operation

7 PREFACE The political commitment to promote women in science at European Union level, launched in 1999, with the adoption of the Commission s Communication, and backed up by the Council and Parliament Resolutions which followed in 1999 and 2, is strong, and growing stronger in the European Research Area. In terms of measurable progress, there has been a significant increase in the number of women taking part in the Framework Programme, in consultative committees, monitoring activities, evaluation panels and as project co-ordinators. In the Fifth Framework Programme Monitoring Panels, the concentration of women increased from 22 in 1999 to 3 in 2, but remained at 3 in 21. Considerable efforts have been mobilised in order to review the presence and participation of women in science, and a picture of uneven representation has emerged from the available statistics. On a more encouraging note, the necessary instruments for robust sex-disaggregated data in the fields of research, technology and development are slowly moving into place at supra-national level. This is vital to ensure that future data availability can be progressively improved. However, these surveys remain focused on human and financial inputs into scientific activities rather than on the output of science and technology. Patent and bibliometric data are commonly regarded as the best measures of scientific and technological production, so examining them from a gender perspective is important at European level. As an increasing proportion of the qualified scientific workforce, women represent a valuable resource. We therefore need to know more about the measures that should be implemented in order to help women achieve their full potential as scientists and researchers. For science to be truly excellent, the voice of women, collectively and as individual experts, must be properly represented, particularly since the system depends heavily on the peer review process. At the present time, patent and bibliometric databases do not contain sex-disaggregated data. Using a pioneering technique, this feasibility study gives us a first insight into how many publications and patents are produced by women and men respectively, thus providing for the first time a set of sex-disaggregated S&T output data. These data provide a vital complement to the growing base of sex-disaggregated statistics of S&T, and this study marks a seminal step forward towards a better understanding of women s role in science and technology. It is hoped that this and future studies that draw from it may contribute to unravelling the short- and longterm policy questions. These include how best to adapt the scientific system to accommodate the changing profile of the scientific workforce; what we can learn from women as scientists to improve the high standards expected by society; and the degree to which the recognition and rewards of scientific achievement are still gendered. During the Sixth Framework Programme we hope that this report will act as springboard for future studies, that will in turn stimulate and strengthen the existing initiatives to redress important imbalances. J.F. Marchipont Director Knowledge Based Economy and Society DG Research R. Gerold Director Science and Society DG Research 7

8 8

9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors of this report would like to thank Brian Sloan, Brigitte Degen, Ian Perry, for support and suggestions; Ibrahim Laafia and Ugur Muldur for precious discussion; the members of the Helsinki Group and in particular Barbara Hartung from Germany and Elisa Navas from Spain for the great help offered in revising the list of first names; the Swedish consulate and the Spanish Centre of Culture in Milan for the collaboration offered. Special tanks to Alessandra Naldi for the advice in the processing of statistical indicators and to Michele Samaja for the helpful suggestions during the report preparation. 9

10 1

11 INTRODUCTION This report summarizes a project carried out for the European Commission 1 aimed at assessing the feasibility of producing patent and bibliometric indicators by the gender of the inventor/author. It would appear to be the first study of its kind, and the results provide some pioneering measures of sex-disaggregated S&T output and productivity. The approach developed to genderize the data was based on identifying the sex of the first name of the author or the inventor. To do this, a comprehensive first name database was created, containing first names commonly used in each of the six EU countries selected for the study, and assigning a sex to each first name (some names of course can be used for both sexes). This database was then applied to two datasets. The first was the set of patents published in 1998 by the European Patent Office which related to 1. inventors from the 6 EU countries selected for the study (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and UK). The second dataset was a sample of roughly 3. authors of scientific publications. The report is structured in two volumes. Volume I is the analytical report, presenting a detailed analysis of the indicators calculated using this approach for the six Member States in the study. Volume II is the methodological report, describing the creation of the first name database and the development and testing of the methodology for producing sex-disaggregated indicators of patents and scientific publications. The present report contains the statistical analysis of the genderized patent and bibliometric data. After a short executive summary the report is split into two parts. Part 1 presents the sex-disaggregated patent data and is organized as follows: - Data description and processing: supplies a synthetic description of data sources and their processing - Gender analysis: provides the main indicators with the statistics of the inventors of the 6 countries by gender and country - Indicators by industry sectors with detailed analysis on participation and contribution by gender and country - Indicators by technology fields with detailed analysis on participation and contribution by gender and country Part 2 presents sex-disaggregated indicators for scientific publications - Data description and processing: supplies a synthetic description of the data sample and of the processing methods used to produce the statistics on the gender indicators - Gender analysis: provides the main indicators with the statistics of the authors of the 6 countries by gender and country - Indicators by disciplines and country, contain a detailed analysis of the gender distribution desegregated by country and divided into 9 main disciplinary sectors: Biology, Biomedicine, Chemistry, Clinical Medicine, Earth and Space Sciences, Engineering, Mathematics, Physics, Multidisciplinary Sciences - Miscellaneous: provides the gender indicators relating to the following indicators: type of publication, first and single authors, co-authoring, international co-operation, scientific relevance. 1 This report describes the work performed in the framework of the EC contracts ERBHPV2-CT and ERBHPV2-CT

12 12

13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction When one talks about careers in S&T, huge differences between women and men are recognised and accepted as a matter of fact. Starting from almost the same base, the number of females in higher scientific and research positions is very low relative to the number of males. But what are the reasons for these differences? Are women less active or productive than men, or do they have to perform even better than men in order to reach the next career step? In order to understand this better, it is essential to have a closer look at the different performances in S&T. Publications and patents are widely accepted indicators of scientific and technological performances. However, for several reasons, it has been impossible until now to measure bibliometric and patent output by gender. The present study has two key aims : to assess the feasibility of producing patent and publication indicators by gender, and to present some very first indicators of this type using data for six EU countries. Main findings The study developed a unique methodology for indentifying the gender of authors and inventors (see box below), which allows us to see for the first time male/female differences in scientific and technological production. Figure 1 shows scientific publications broken down by gender. Depending on the country, females represent between 15 and 29 percent of the analysed authors. Interestingly, we can identify a south-north bias with Spanish, Italian and French women more prominent than their Swedish, British and German counterparts. The data show that in some northern countries the share of women may be almost a half of that in southern countries. Still, even for the women in Spain, Italy and France equality is far from complete. Fig. 1 Number of authors of scientific publications by gender and country ,7 71,5 72,5 71,9 8,1 81,3 78,5 15,3 28,5 27,5 28,1 19,9 18,7 21,5 13

14 Identifying the gender of authors and inventors How does one identify the gender of authors and inventors in publications and patent documents? As there is no systematic recording of gender, and as the relevant datasets are are extremely large, the only practical solution is to take the first names and to classify each name as female or male, or in cases of ambiguity as both. This was the approach used in this project, which created a database of over 3, first names used in 6 countries: UK, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden. The classification was done by country/ language in order to minimize the number of ambiguous cases (e.g. Jean which is a male name in France, but a female name in UK). When applied to patent and publication data this approach successful identified the gender of authors and inventors in more than 9 of cases. The resulting First Name Database can easily be extended to all EU languages. The patents were much easier to analyse than the publications because of the completeness of the relevant patent database in terms of coverage of patents and the provision of first names. In contrast, the bibliometric database used contained no first names, and in many cases not even initials. Therefore a sample of publications had to be cross-verified in libraries in order to obtain the complete article with the full first names. However, about two thirds of the analysed journals still did not include the first names, and had to be excluded from the analyses. It was not possible to examine distortions due to this factor. An analysis of authorship by scientific discipline (Figure 2) exposes a pattern which has already been observed to a large extent from other statistical evidence such as numbers of researchers. Women are seen to be most active in the life sciences and much less so in mathematics and engineering. Fig. 2 Number of authors of scientific publications by gender and discipline ,5 71,2 8,1 77,9 7,6 83,2 87,6 76,2 81,1 29,5 28,8 19,9 22,1 29,4 16,8 12,4 23,8 18,9 Biol Biom Chem Med Earth Eng Math Phys Mult Turning to data on patenting activity, the divergence between southern and northern European countries which was observed in Figure 1 for authors of scientfic publications can also be found in relation to inventors of patents. Figure 3 shows the results for male and female inventors of European patents, where one can observe even lower shares of female inventors than those in Figure 1 for female authors. Only 15 percent of Spanish inventors are female, but even with this low share they come out at the top of the countries studied. Again the lowest share can be found in Germany, where less than five percent of inventors are female. The contribution of female inventors to technological progress would seem to be minor or even insignificant in the northern countries; applying for patents would appear to be an essentially male domain. 14

15 Fig. 3 Number of inventors by gender and country ,4 84,2 88,9 91,2 93,7 92,4 89,2 4,6 15,8 11,1 8,8 6,3 7,6 1,8 Gender distribution strongly depends on the field of technology as illustrated by the following figure. The fields with the highest contribution of female inventors are biotechnology (2.8 ), pharmaceutics & cosmetics (19,6 ), food chemistry (13,1 ), basic materials chemistry (12,1 ) and organic fine chemistry (11,5 ). Fig. 4 Patents by field of technology Female Male ) Environmental technology 2) Organic fine chemistry 3) Macromolecular chemistry, polymers 4) Pharmaceutics, cosmetics 5) Biotechnology 6) Agricultural and food processing machinery 7) Agriculture, food chemistry 8) Optics 9) Analysis, measurement, control technology 1) Medical technology 11) Chemical engineering 12) Chemical and petrol industry, basic materials chem. 13) Materials processing, textiles, paper 14) Machine tools 15) Mechanical elements 16) Handling, printing 17) Engines, pumps, turbines 18) Nuclear engineering 19) Materials, metallurgy 2) Surface technology, coating 21) Thermal processes and apparatus 22) Transport 23) Space technology, weapons 24) Electrical devices, engineering and energy 25) Semiconductors 26) Information technology 27) Telecommunications 28) Audio-visual technology 29) Consumer goods and equipment 15

16 If one compares these data with the number of male and female researchers in the business enterprise sector (where most patented inventions originate), one observes some marked contrasts. For example, in Italy, while women represent around 16 of researchers in industry 2 (1), they account for 9 of inventors of European patents and only 6 of patents. Similarly, in Sweden some 25 of private sector researchers are female, but they produce only 5 of European patents, and represent only 6 of all inventors. These figures raise a number of questions. Is the disproportionately weak presence of women among inventors due to their specialization in fields of technology where patenting is less prevalent? This may be a factor, for while in the field of pharmaceuticals, for example, women account for 21 of European patents in Italy (23 of inventors) - compared with their overall presence of 16 of all business sector researchers - in the fields of transport and electrical engineering their share of patents falls well below 1. What is more difficult to detect is whether in some areas women face obstacles to advancing to positions where they may be centrally involved in patentable research and in the key R&D teams. To analyse this in more detail we would need gendered R&D personnel data by sector and by level of seniority (which are generally not available). Conclusions The work carried out in the context of this project represents an important step towards a better understanding of gender differences in scientific and technological output, and provides a new tool for analysing more deeply the question of gender in scientific and research careers. It also demonstrates the feasibility of identifying the gender of authors and inventors, although the sampling of publications needs some further refinement. However, such a complex methodology would not be necessary if the gender of the author or inventor was systematically recorded in the relevant databases. This study demonstrates that the inclusion of such a gender box in patent and bibliometric databases would greatly simplify the task of performing sex-disaggregated analyses of these data, and would provide an invaluable insight into issues of the presence and productivity of women in science and technology. However, in order to derive robust and meaningful conclusions about the relationship between genderspecific activity and productivity, one needs to combine these data with structural input data such as the number of female and male scientists and researchers, their positions, and their motivations to publish or invent. This is an important area for future research, which will require further improvements in available statistics. 2 Source: Eurostat, Newcronos database 16

17 PART 1 Statistical analyses of patent data by gender of the inventor I. DATA DESCRIPTION AND PROCESSING I.1. Source Data This study refers to the patents published in the year 1998 by the European Patent Office (EPO). The EPO First '98 database includes both the European Patent Applications and the PCT International Applications and contains patents produced by inventors. This study is performed on all the patents produced by inventors whose working address is in one of the following EU countries: France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and Great Britain. The following fields from the EPO First 98 database have been processed in the statistical analysis: Patent ID Full name of the inventor(s) Working address of the inventor(s), including country code IPC classification code(s) Gender is assigned on the basis of the first name of the inventors. The following table shows the main figures on the EPO 98 database with reference to the 6 countries involved in this analysis. Total number of patents: EPO PCT Total number of inventors Patents with at least one inventor from the 6 countries: Number of patents Number of inventors total from the 6 countries Number of inventors without first name total 142 from the 6 countries 119 Fig Size of the Patent DB The number of patents produced by the 6 countries and the number of inventors represents the 36 of the whole '98 EPO database. The mean number of inventor per patent is 1.4. In the whole database PCT applications represent the 45 of the total number of patents. The share of PCT applications is smaller for the 6 countries with a percentage of countries 36 44,8 37,6 other countries 64 55,2 62,4 PCT EPO Fig Share of patents produced by the 6 countries Fig Number of EPO and PCT applications The following figure shows the distribution of the patents by country. It must be taken in account that the patents produced by inventors of different countries increase of one unit the total of each co-operating country. 17 all 6 countries

18 German inventors are almost one half (48) of the total and are involved in 44 of the patents. Germany is followed by France and Great Britain (both with 15 of inventors), Italy and Sweden (6 of inventors). About 1 of the patents are produced in co-operation with inventors working outside the 6 countries. Country patents inventors Germany Spain France Italy Sweden GB Other patents inventors Germany Spain France Italy Sweden GB Other Fig Number of patents and inventors by country I.2. Notes on Data Processing Statistics are always based on the working/residence addresses of the inventors, therefore "national production" always refers to the country where the inventor was working and not to her/his real nationality. Patents are classified according to the International Patent Classification (IPC) Schema. Up to 4 IPC codes are assigned to each patent. Correspondence tables have been applied to assign patents to Industry Sectors and Field of Technology. The same patent can be assigned to more than one Industry Sector / Field of Technology. Three indicators are introduced and used throughout this report in order to process in a correct way patents produced by co-operation among inventors of different countries and gender Participation counts the number of patents with at least one inventor of a given gender/country. Contribution measures the involvement of each gender/country to the production of a patent assuming that each inventor concurred with the same effort. Contribution can be called also "patents-equivalent" since it sums the single shares of each patent attributed to a given gender/country. For example if two inventors produce three patents, each of them contributes to the half of each patent and therefore produces 1.5 patents-equivalent. For a patent with n inventors the contribution of each gender/country is equal to the number of inventors of the respective gender/country divided by n. The sum of the contributions of all the genders/countries involved in a patent is always equal to 1. Total count Total number of inventors of a given gender/country for each patent. The following tables exemplifies how to calculate the three indicators. 18

19 Women Participation Women Contribution Women Total Count F M M M 1 1/4 1 F F M M 1 2/4 2 F F F M 1 3/4 3 F F F F 1 4/4 4 For example in a patent produced by 9 inventors from 4 countries: one French female and one male, two German males, one Spanish female, one British female and three males, the three indicators are calculated as follows: France Germany Spain UK F M F M F M F M tot Participation Contribution 1/9 1/9 2/9 1/9 1/9 3/9 1 Total count It must be noted that the sum of the percentages of participation by gender or by country usually exceeds 1 since several patents are produced by inventors of different gender and/or country. The difference in the values of participation and contribution of the same subset of inventors is an indicator of the level of co-operation between different gender and/or countries while differences between total count and participation or contribution are measures of the level of co-operation inside the same gender/country. II. GENDER ANALYSIS:GENERAL DATA II.1. Patents by gender The gender assignment of the inventors was obtained with the aid of FNDB ver.1. The implementation of FNDB and the gender assignment procedure are documented in the final report of the project. FNDB provides a satisfactory coverage: 96 of the total number of the inventors ( ) has been classified as "Female" or "Male", 1 as "Both" and therefore unidentifiable, and about 3 has not been classified because not found in FNDB. Male 89 Female 7 Unidentif. 1 Not in FNDB 3 Fig Distribution of the gender classification of the inventors of the 6 countries 19

20 Fig. 2.2 provides the values of the indicators for the 6 countries. Female MALE Unident. Not in FNDB Participation Contribution 2491, ,4 515,7 1191, Number of inventors Unidentif. = classified in FNDB as Both Not in FNDB includes 143 names of inventors whose first name was not available Total Participation Contribution Count Fig Gender indicators for the 6 countries 1 Female Male 97, ,5 Participation 5 Contribution 7 Total Count Fig Gender indicators for the 6 countries (percentages) In figure 2.3. only the items classified as "Male" or "Female" are considered. 12,5 of the patents has at least one female inventor and 97,3 of the patents at least one male inventor. As a consequence 87,5 of the patents has been entirely produced by men and 2.7 entirely by women. On the other hand female inventors are 7 of the total number and contribute to the overall production of patents with 5.of equivalent-patents. 2

21 II.2. Patents by Gender and Country Figure 2.4. shows the distribution of the inventors by gender and country. The country with the highest percentage of female inventors is Spain followed by France and Italy. Germany has the lowest percentage of female inventors (4,6 vs 15,8 of Spain). Since Germany produces about 5 of the patents the low German percentage of female inventors influences significantly the global statistics. PARTICIPATION Contribution N. of Inventors Female MALE Female MALE Female Male Germany ,2 2153, Spain ,6 587, France ,8 6744, Italy ,1 3279, Sweden ,9 332, GB , 6696, Other ,7 2227, ,3 92,7 94,5 96,6 94,9 95,7 87,9 8,8 19,4 16,8 12,1 8,8 12,3 16,3 Fig Participation by gender and country ,5 89,1 91,2 94,1 95,4 94 9,5 3,5 1,9 8,8 5,9 4,6 6 9,5 Fig Contribution by gender and country ,4 84,2 88,9 91,2 93,7 92,4 89,2 4,6 15,8 11,1 8,8 6,3 7,6 1,8 Fig Number of inventors by gender and country 21

22 III. PATENTS BY INDUSTRY SECTORS Patents have been associated to Industryl Sectors according to their IPC code(s) and to the concordance table between IPC and ISIC rev. 2 developed by Verspagen, van Moergastel and Slabbers (MERIT Res. Memorandum 2/94-4, Fig shows the distribution of the total number of patents-equivalent produced by females and males (contribution) for each sector. Fig. 3.2 shows the female contribution expressed as percentage of the total number of patents of the sector. Fem ale Male Aerospace Computer and office machinery Electronics Instruments Pharm aceuticals Chemicals Elctrical machinery Motor Vehicles Fig Contribution by gender and field of technology Aerospace Computer and office machinery Electronics Instruments Pharmaceuticals Chemicals Elctrical machinery Motor Vehicles Fig Contribution by gender and field of technology The sectors with the highest number of patents-equivalent produced by women and with the higher presence of women compared with the total number of inventors are "Pharmaceuticals" and "Chemicals". In the following pages a detailed analysis on Industry Sectors is presented: For each sector participation, contribution and total counts of inventors are provided arranged by country, by gender and by country and gender. Percentages of the participation by gender and country are calculated on the total number of patents of the country, while the percentage of contribution and of number of inventors are calculated on the sum of Males and Females (excluding Both and Not Found). 22

23 III.1 Aerospace ISIC Rev. 2 code: 3845 IPC codes: B64C, B64D, B64F, B64G n. of patents 144 n. of inventors 29 - Germany Spain France Italy Sweden GB Other Total Participation Contribution 66,3 1, 4,7 3, 6, 25, 2, 144 Number of Inventors Patents Inventors Fig Aerospace: number of patents and inventors by country Female Male Unidentif. Not in FNDB Total Participation Contribution 1,1 138,8 1,7 2,5 144 Number of Inventors Male 97 Not in FNDB 1 Female 1 Unidentif. 1 Fig Aerospace: Gender distribution of the inventors 23

24 Aerospace PARTICIPATION Contribution N. of Inventors Female MALE Female MALE Female Male Germany 66, 65,3 124 Spain 1, 1, 1 France 3 4 1,1 36, Italy 3, 3, 4 Sweden 6, 6, 11 GB 25, 25, 44 Other 2, 1, Fig Participation by gender and country , ,9 Fig Contribution by gender and country , ,3 Fig Number of inventors by gender and country 24

25 III.2 Computers & office machinery ISIC Rev. 2 code: 3825 IPC codes: B41L, G6C, G6E, G6F, G6G, G6J, G6K, G6M, G11B, G11C n. of patents 152 n. of inventors Germany Spain France Italy Sweden GB Other Total Participation Contribution Number of Inventors Patents Inventors Fig Computers & office machinery: number of patents and inventors by country Female Male Unidentif. Not in FNDB Total Participation Contribution 5,3 149,4 21,2 39,1 152 Number of Inventors Male 92 Unidentif. 1 Female 4 Not in FNDB 3 Fig Computers & office machinery: Gender distribution of the inventors 25

26 Computers & office machinery PARTICIPATION Contribution N. of Inventors Female MALE Female MALE Female Male Germany ,4 582, Spain ,2 1, France ,8 299, Italy ,9 74, Sweden 2 89,8 83, GB ,1 299, Other ,2 59, ,3 92,3 95,3 97,6 97,8 96,8 83,2 15,4 5,4 6,7 1,8 2,2 6,5 11,2 Fig Participation by gender and country 1 96, ,3 99,1 97,4 94, ,1 5 3,7,9 2,6 5,1 Fig Contribution by gender and country ,5 95,5 95,3 98,5 96,1 93,1 9,5 3 4,5 4,7 1,5 3,9 6,9 Fig Number of inventors by gender and country 26

27 III.3 Electronics ISIC Rev. 2 code: 3832 IPC codes: n. of patents 4843 n. of inventors 187 G8C, G9B, H1C, H1L, H1P, H1Q, H3B, H3C, H3D, H3F, H3G, H3H, H3J, H3K, H3L, H4A, H4B, H4G, H4H, H4J, H4K, H4L - Germany Spain France Italy Sweden GB Other Total Participation Contribution Number of Inventors Patents Inventors DE ES FR IT SE G other Fig Electronics: number of patents and inventors by country Female Male Unidentif. Not in FNDB Total Participation Contribution 144,8 4514, 46, 138, Number of Inventors Male 92 Unidentif. 1 Female 4 Not in FNDB 3 Fig Electronics: Gender distribution of the inventors 27

28 Electronics PARTICIPATION Contribution N. of Inventors Female MALE Female MALE Female Male Germany ,4 1878, Spain ,8 43, France ,2 75, Italy ,8 185, Sweden ,6 72, GB ,2 87, Other ,8 19, ,6 97,9 96,4 99,1 96,9 96,9 88,3 5,1 6,3 11,5 13,6 7,5 4,9 6,9 Fig Participation by gender and country ,2 94,5 96,9 97, ,8 5,5 3,1 2,4 4 Fig Contribution by gender and country ,3 96,5 93,2 93,3 95,5 97,2 95,2 2,7 3,5 6,8 6,7 4,5 2,8 4,8 Fig Number of inventors by gender and country 28

29 III.4 Instruments ISIC Rev. 2 code: IPC codes: n. of patents 6934 n. of inventors x A61C, A61D, A61F, A61G, A61H, A61L, A61M, A61N, A62B, B1L, B64F, C12K, C12Q, F16P, F22B, F22D, F22G, F22X, F23N, F23Q, F24F, F41G, G1B, G1C, G1D, G1F, G1H, G1J, G1K, G1L, G1M, G1N, G1P, G1R, G1S, G1T, G1V, G1W, G2B, G2C, G2F, G3B, G3C, G3D, G3G, G3H, G4B, G4C, G4F, G4G, G5B, G5C, G5D, G5F, G5G, G6D, G7B, G7C, G7D, G7F, G7G, G9G, G12B, G21F, G21G, G21H, G21K, H5G, - Germany Spain France Italy Sweden GB Other Total Participation Contribution Number of Inventors Patents Inventors Fig Instruments: number of patents and inventors by country Female Male Unidentif. Not in FNDB Total Participation Contribution 343,7 6344,1 77,5 168, Number of Inventors Male 9 Unidentif. 1 Female 6 Not in FNDB 3 Fig Instruments: Gender distribution of the inventors 29

30 Instruments PARTICIPATION Contribution N. of Inventors Female MALE Female MALE Female Male Germany ,2 2895, Spain ,5 76, France ,5 998, Italy ,1 413, Sweden ,2 479, GB ,3 1183, Other ,9 296, ,7 95,6 95,7 96,6 93,7 96,4 86,8 7,5 14,3 15,6 9,9 13, Fig Participation by gender and country ,5 93,3 92,6 94,7 92,8 95,2 9,3 3,5 6,7 7,4 5,3 7,2 4,8 9,7 Fig Contribution by gender and country ,9 88,1 9,2 93,3 9 94,1 89,3 4,1 11,9 9,8 6,7 1 5,9 1,7 Fig Number of inventors by gender and country 3

31 III.5 Pharmaceuticals ISIC Rev. 2 code: 3522 IPC codes: n. of patents 6629 n. of inventors A61J, A61K, C7B, C7C, C7D, C7F, C7G, C7H, C7J, C7K, C12N, C12P, C12S, - Germany Spain France Italy Sweden GB Other Total Participation Contribution Number of Inventors Patents Inventors Fig Pharmaceuticals: number of patents and inventors by country Female Male Unidentif. Not in FNDB Total Participation Contribution 113,4 5262,8 99,2 253, Number of Inventors Male 79 Female 15 Not in FNDB 4 Unidentif. 2 Fig Pharmaceuticals: Gender distribution of the inventors 31

32 Pharmaceuticals PARTICIPATION Contribution N. of Inventors Female MALE Female MALE Female Male Germany ,7 1994, Spain ,7 62, France ,2 818, Italy ,2 369, Sweden ,7 178, GB ,9 1124, Other ,1 715, ,8 87,8 93,3 89,9 92,2 87 5,8 46,7 4,4 27, ,8 29 Fig Participation by gender and country ,8 8,2 84,1 84,8 83,8 72,6 73,3 27,4 26,7 19,8 15,9 15,2 16,2 1,2 Fig Contribution by gender and country ,7 82,4 84,3 83,5 7,9 73,8 77,3 29,1 26,2 22,7 17,6 15,7 16,5 1,3 Fig Number of inventors by gender and country 32

33 III.6 Chemicals ISIC Rev. 2 code: 351x, 352x (except 3522) IPC codes: n. of patents 9962 n. of inventors A1M, A1N, A61K, A61L, A62D, B9B, B27K, B29B, B29C, B29D, B29F, B29G, B29K, B29L, B41M, B44D, C1B, C1C, C1D, C1F, C1G, C2F, C5B, C5C, C5D, C5F, C5G, C6B, C6C, C6D, C6F, C7B, C7C, C7D, C7F, C7G, C8B, C8C, C8F, C8G, C8H, C8J, C8K, C8L, C9B, C9C, C9D, C9F, C9G, C9H, C9J, C9K, C1H, C1J, C1K, C1N, C11B, C11C, C11D, C12D, C12K, C12R, C14C, E4D, F41H, - Germany Spain France Italy Sweden GB Other Total Participation Contribution Number of Inventors Patents Inventors 1 5 Fig Chemicals: number of patents and inventors by country Female Male Unidentif. Not in FNDB Total Participation Contribution 1114, 841,8 137,1 3, Number of Inventors Male 83 Unidentif. 1 Female 12 Not in FNDB 4 Fig Chemicals: Gender distribution of the inventors 33

34 Chemicals: Participation by country PARTICIPATION Contribution N. of Inventors Female MALE Female MALE Female Male Germany ,9 3945, Spain ,7 1, France , 123, Italy ,6 636, Sweden ,4 254, GB ,2 1489, Other ,2 78, , ,1 9,1 92,1 94,1 87,1 38,3 36,7 31,1 21,5 19,8 23,7 22,7 Fig Participation by gender and country ,4 85,1 88,4 88, ,5 79,7 21,5 2,3 14,9 7,6 11,6 11,5 13 Fig Contribution by gender and country ,6 79,1 81, ,2 86,4 73,5 26,5 2,9 18,2 14 8,4 12,8 13,6 Fig Number of inventors by gender and country 34

35 III.7 Electrical Machinery ISIC Rev. 2 code: 383x (except 3832) IPC codes: n. of patents 4714 n. of inventors 1329 A45D, A47J, A47L, A61H, B3C, B23Q, B6Q, B64F, F2P, F21H, F21K, F21L, F21M, F21P, F21Q, F21S, F21V, F27B, G8B, G8G, H1B, H1F, H1G, H1H, H1J, H1K, H1M, H1R, H1S, H1T, H2B, H2G, H2H, H2J, H2K, H2M, H2N, H2P, H3M, H5B, H5C, H5F, H5H, - Germany Spain France Italy Sweden GB Other Total Participation Contribution Number of Inventors Patents Inventors 4 2 Fig Electrical machinery: number of patents and inventors by country Female Male Unidentif. Not in FNDB Total Participation Contribution 124, 4411,9 48,8 129, Number of Inventors Male 93 Unidentif. 1 Female 3 Not in FNDB 3 Fig Electrical machinery: Gender distribution of the inventors 35

36 Electrical machinery PARTICIPATION Contribution N. of Inventors Female MALE Female MALE Female Male Germany , 2338, Spain ,9 6, France ,2 766, Italy , 328, Sweden ,2 282, GB ,9 5, Other ,9 136, , ,4 96,2 96,7 87,4 4,5 11 7,9 5,3 3,2 4,4 11,9 Fig Participation by gender and country ,1 95,9 97,1 98,2 97,5 93,2 8,9 2 4,1 2,9 1,8 2,5 6,8 Fig Contribution by gender and country , ,8 98,4 97,4 89,7 93,1 1,3 2,2 5 3,2 1,6 2,6 6,9 Fig Number of inventors by gender and country 36

37 III.8 Motor Vehicles ISIC Rev. 2 code: 3843 IPC codes: n. of patents 2796 n. of inventors 5842 B6B, B6D, B6F, B6G, B6H, B6J, B6K, B6P, B6S, B6T, B62D, B62M, B65F, F2M, F2N, F16D, F16F, F16G, F16H,, B64C, B64D, B64F, B64G - Germany Spain France Italy Sweden GB Other Total Participation Contribution Number of Inventors Patents Inventors Fig Motor Vehicles: number of patents and inventors by country Female Male Unidentif. Not in FNDB Total Participation Contribution 36,4 279, 13,3 37, Number of Inventors Male 97 Female 1 Unidentif. 1 Not in FNDB 1 Fig Motor Vehicles: Gender distribution of the inventors 37

38 Motor Vehicles PARTICIPATION Contribution N. of Inventors Female MALE Female MALE Female Male Germany ,5 1649, Spain , 3, France ,4 417, Italy ,2 169, Sweden 2 172,9 164, GB ,8 233, Other 3 82,6 44, , ,8 97,8 97,2 99,6 86,3 2,7 3 4,1 2,2 1,1 2,4 3,2 Fig Participation by gender and country ,8 97,3 98,7 99,5 98,8 98,7 1 3,2 2,7 1,3,5 1,2 1,3 Fig Contribution by gender and country ,7 97,8 97,5 98,4 98,3 98,5 97,8 1,3 2,2 2,5 1,6 1,7 1,5 2,2 Fig Number of inventors by gender and country 38

39 IV. PATENTS BY FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY Patents have been associated to fields of technology according to their IPC code(s) and to the following correspondence table. Field of Technology IPC-codes (4-digit, sub-class level) 1. Environmental technology A62D, B9, C2, F1N, F23G, F23J 2. Organic fine chemistry C7C,C7D,C7F,C7H,C7J,C7K 3. Macromolecular chemistry, polymers C8B, C8F, C8G, C8H, C8K, C8L, C9D, C9J 4. Pharmaceutics, cosmetics A61K 5. Biotechnology C7G, C12M, C12N, C12P, C12Q, C12S 6. Agricultural and food processing A1B, A1C, A1D, A1F, A1G, A1J, A1K, A1L, A1M, A21B, A21C, A22, A23N, A23P, B2B, C12L, C13C, C13G, C13H machinery and apparatus 7. Agriculture, food chemistry A1H, A21D, A23B, A23C, A23D, A23F, A23G, A23J, A23K, A23L, C12C, C12F, C12G, C12H, C12J, C13D, C13F, C13J, C13K 8. Optics G2, G3B, G3C, G3D, G3F, G3G, G3H, H1S 9. Analysis, measurement, control technology G1B, G1C, G1D, G1F, G1G, G1H, G1J, G1K, G1L, G1M, G1N, G1P, G1R, G1S, G1V, G1W, G4, G5B, G5D, G7, G8B, G9B, G9C, G9D, G12, G8G 1. Medical technology A61B, A61C, A61D, A61F, A61G, A61H, A61J, A61L, A61M, A61N 11. Chemical engineering B1, B2C, B3, B4, B5B, B6, B7, B8, F25J, F Chemical industry and petrol industry, A1N, C5, C7B, C8C, C9B, C9C, C9F, C9G, C9H, C9K, C1B, C1C, C1F, C1G, C1H, C1J, C1K, C1L, C1M, C11B, C11C, C11D basic materials chemistry 13. Materials processing, textiles, paper A41H, A43D, A46D, B28, B29, B31, C3B, C8J, C14, D1, D2, D3, D4B, D4C, D4G, D4H, D6B, D6C, D6G, D6H, D6J, D6L, D6M, D6P, D6Q, D Machine tools B21, B23, B24, B26D, B26F, B27, B3 15. Mechanical elements F15, F16, F17, G5G 16. Handling, printing B25J, B41, B65B, B65C, B65D, B65F, B65G, B65H, B66, B Engines, pumps, turbines F1 (without F1N), F2, F3, F4, F23R 18. Nuclear engineering G21, H5G, H5H, G1T 19. Materials, metallurgy C1, C3C, C4, C21, C22, B22 2. Surface technology, coating B5C,B5D,B32,C23,C25,C3 21. Thermal processes and apparatus F22, F23B, F23C, F23D, F23H, F23K, F23L, F23M, F23N, F23Q, F24, F25B, F25C, F27, F Transport B6, B61, B62, B63B, B63C, B63H, B63J, B64B, B64C, B64D, B64F 23. Space technology, weapons B64G, F41, B63G, C6, F Electrical devices, electrical engineering, F21, G5F, H1B, H1C, H1F, H1G, H1H, H1J, H1K, H1M, H1R, H1T, H2, H5B, H5C, H5F, H5K electrical energy 25. Semiconductors H1L 26. Information technology G6, G11C, G1L 27. Telecommunications G8C, H1P, H1Q, H3B, H3C, H3D, H3H, H3K, H3L, H3M, H4B, H4H, H4J, H4K, H4L, H4M, H4Q 28. Audio-visual technology G9F, G9G, G11B, H3F, H3G, H3J, H4N, H4R, H4S 29. Consumer goods and equipment A24, A41B, A41C, A41D, A41F, A41G, A42, A43B, A43C, A44, A45, A46B, A47, A62B, A62C, A63, B25B, B25C, B25D, B25F, B25G, B25H, B26B, B42, B43, B44, B68, D4D, D6F, D6N, D7, F25D, G1B, G1C, G1D, G1F, G1G, G1H, G1K, E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6, E21 Fig IPC Classification of 29 Fields of Technology Fig shows the distribution of the total number of patents-equivalent produced by females and males (contribution) for each field of technology. Fig. 4.3 shows the female contribution expressed as percentage of the total number of patents-equivalent of the field. 39

40 Female Male ) Environmental technology 2) Organic fine chemistry 3) Macromolecular chemistry, polymers 4) Pharmaceutics, cosmetics 5) Biotechnology 6) Agricultural and food processing machinery and apparatus 7) Agriculture, food chemistry 8) Optics 9) Analysis, measurement, control technology 1) Medical technology 11) Chemical engineering 12) Chemical industry and petrol industry, basic materials chemistry 13) Materials processing, textiles, paper 14) Machine tools 15) Mechanical elements 16) Handling, printing 17) Engines, pumps, turbines 18) Nuclear engineering 19) Materials, metallurgy 2) Surface technology, coating 21) Thermal processes and apparatus 22) Transport 23) Space technology, weapons 24) Electrical devices, electrical engineering, electrical energy 25) Semiconductors 26) Information technology 27) Telecommunications 28) Audio-visual technology 29) Consumer goods and equipment Fig Contribution by gender and field of technology 4

41 1) Environmental technology 2) Organic fine chemistry 3) Macromolecular chemistry, polymers 4) Pharmaceutics, cosmetics 5) Biotechnology 6) Agricultural and food processing machinery and apparatus 7) Agriculture, food chemistry 8) Optics 9) Analysis, measurement, control technology 1) Medical technology 11) Chemical engineering 12) Chemical industry and petrol industry, basic materials chemistry 13) Materials processing, textiles, paper 14) Machine tools 15) Mechanical elements 16) Handling, printing 17) Engines, pumps, turbines 18) Nuclear engineering 19) Materials, metallurgy 2) Surface technology, coating 21) Thermal processes and apparatus 22) Transport 23) Space technology, weapons 24) Electrical devices, electrical engineering, electrical energy 25) Semiconductors 26) Information technology 27) Telecommunications 28) Audio-visual technology 29) Consumer goods and equipment Fig Female contribution (percentage) by field of technology 41

42 As shown in the previous figures, the sector with the highest number of patents-equivalent produced by women is "Pharmaceutics, cosmetics" followed by "Organic fine chemistry".while the sectors where the presence of women is higher compared with the total number of inventors is Biotechnology (25 of women) followed by Pharmaceutics (2) and Agriculture and food chemistry. As a general consideration it can be noted that Germany confirms its leader position in all the fields of technology as for the general ranking, maintaining the first place both for number of patents and for total inventors. On the other hand, Germany has the lowest percentage of women in almost all the fields while France and Spain have a strong presence of women in most fields. It is interesting to note that Spanish women are either present in top position in the various fields or are completely absent. GB SE IT FR ES DE Fig.4.4. Female participation by country in the various fields of technology In the following pages a detailed analysis on fields of technology is presented: For each field participation, contribution and total counts of inventors are provided arranged by country, by gender and by country and gender. The percentages of the participation by gender and country are calculated on the total number of patents of the country, while the percentages of contribution and of number of inventors are calculated on the sum of Males and Females (excluding Both and Not Found). 42

Mapping Inventors Networks to Trace Knowledge Flows Among EU Regions

Mapping Inventors Networks to Trace Knowledge Flows Among EU Regions Mapping Inventors Networks to Trace Knowledge Flows Among EU Regions Fiorenza Belussi, Ivan De Noni, and Luigi Orsi Abstract Recent literature on technological changes has highlighted the role of knowledge

More information

MATHCOUNTS. 100 Classroom Lessons. August Prepared by

MATHCOUNTS. 100 Classroom Lessons. August Prepared by MATHCOUNTS 100 Classroom Lessons August 2000 Prepared by John Cocharo The Oakridge School 5900 W. Pioneer Parkway Arlington, TX 76013 (817) 451-4994 (school) jcocharo@esc11.net (school) cocharo@hotmail.com

More information

Bibliometric and patent indicators by gender: Is it feasible?

Bibliometric and patent indicators by gender: Is it feasible? 1 Bibliometric and patent indicators by gender: Is it feasible? Angela Hullmann (European Commission, Research Directorate-General) Paper presented on the First Workshop on Gender, Science and Technology

More information

2.8 Enrichment: more on logarithms EMCFR

2.8 Enrichment: more on logarithms EMCFR 2. Enrichment: more on logarithms EMCFR NOTE: THIS SECTION IS NOT PART OF THE CURRICULUM Laws of logarithms EMCFS Logarithmic law: log a y = log a + log a y ( > 0 and y > 0) Let log a () = m = = a m...

More information

Answers. Getting started with aural. 1 Hearing Sight Smell Taste Touch

Answers. Getting started with aural. 1 Hearing Sight Smell Taste Touch Answers Getting started with aural 1 Hearing Sight Smell Taste Touch 2 Five different sounds (bird song, car horn, dogs barking, squeaky door, instruments tuning) 3 Five instruments (flute, glockenspiel,

More information

IDENTIFYING EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

IDENTIFYING EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES The Output of R&D activities: Harnessing the Power of Patents Data" 19-20 September 2013 IPTS, Sevilla IDENTIFYING EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES A Burst analysis Hélène DERNIS OECD Directorate for Science, Technology

More information

Mark Scheme (Results) January 2011

Mark Scheme (Results) January 2011 Mark Scheme (Results) January 011 Functional Skills Functional Skills Mathematics Level (FSM0) Edexcel is one of the leading examining and awarding bodies in the UK and throughout the world. We provide

More information

Single Zener diodes in a SOD323F package. Table 1. Quick reference data Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit V F forward voltage I F = 100 ma

Single Zener diodes in a SOD323F package. Table 1. Quick reference data Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit V F forward voltage I F = 100 ma Rev. 3 15 January 2018 Product data sheet 1 Product profile 1.1 General description General-purpose Zener diodes in an SOD323F (SC-90) very small and flat lead Surface Mounted Device (SMD) plastic package.

More information

WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION. WIPO PATENT REPORT Statistics on Worldwide Patent Activities

WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION. WIPO PATENT REPORT Statistics on Worldwide Patent Activities WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION WIPO PATENT REPORT Statistics on Worldwide Patent Activities 2007 WIPO PATENT REPORT Statistics on Worldwide Patent Activities 2007 Edition WORLD INTELLECTUAL

More information

FINDINGS. May 2, Courtney Wilton Portland Public Schools 501 North Dixon Portland, Oregon 97227

FINDINGS. May 2, Courtney Wilton Portland Public Schools 501 North Dixon Portland, Oregon 97227 May 2, 2017 Courtney Wilton Portland Public Schools 501 North Dixon Portland, Oregon 97227 Via email: Regarding: cwilton@pps.net Lead Paint Condition Assessment Da Vinci Arts Middle School 2508 NE Everett

More information

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION FOR A FUTURE SOCIETY FOR A FUTURE SOCIETY

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION FOR A FUTURE SOCIETY FOR A FUTURE SOCIETY REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA Ministry of Education and Science SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION FOR A FUTURE SOCIETY THE BULGARIAN RESEARCH LANDSCAPE AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR

More information

INNOVATION, PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND PATENTS AT UNIVERSITIES

INNOVATION, PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND PATENTS AT UNIVERSITIES th International DAAAM Baltic Conference INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING - st April, Tallinn, Estonia INNOVATION, PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND PATENTS AT UNIVERSITIES Kartus, R. & Kukrus, A. Abstract: In the present

More information

Oppositions Newsletter Opposition statistics. Contact us. ca Patents Opposed. Patents Opposed as % of Patents Granted.

Oppositions Newsletter Opposition statistics. Contact us. ca Patents Opposed. Patents Opposed as % of Patents Granted. March 2016 Oppositions Newsletter Opposition statistics In around 3000 European patents were opposed, following the trend of recent years. Between 3500 and 4000 oppositions were filed against these 3000

More information

SIEMENS ENERGY & AUTOMATION INC DISTRIBUTION PRODUCTS DIV

SIEMENS ENERGY & AUTOMATION INC DISTRIBUTION PRODUCTS DIV Certificate Number 20081124 E29197A Page 1 of 8 Report Reference E29197, 1974 September 17 Issue Date 2008 November 24 Issued to: This is to certify that representative samples of SIEMENS ENERGY & AUTOMATION

More information

Research DG. European Commission. Sharing Visions. Towards a European Area for Foresight

Research DG. European Commission. Sharing Visions. Towards a European Area for Foresight Sharing Visions Towards a European Area for Foresight Sharing Visions Towards a European Area for Foresight Europe s knowledge base : key challenges The move towards a European Research Area (ERA) ERA

More information

Corporate Invention Board

Corporate Invention Board Corporate Invention Board Characterizing the nature and extent of technological globalisation Antoine SCHOEN Univ Paris-Est, LATTS, ESIEE, IFRIS The Output of R&D activities: Harnessing the Power of Patents

More information

March 1, Courtney Wilton Portland Public Schools 501 North Dixon Portland, OR 97227

March 1, Courtney Wilton Portland Public Schools 501 North Dixon Portland, OR 97227 March 1, 2017 Courtney Wilton Portland Public Schools 501 North Dixon Portland, OR 97227 Via email: Regarding: cwilton@pps.net Lead Paint Condition Assessment Sunnyside School 3421 SE Salmon Street Portland,

More information

Details of Option Specification Code - D012

Details of Option Specification Code - D012 Specification : D012 Title: Gasket 1/5 Asbestos gaskets cannot be used after 26 April, 2004. Model No. of gasket shall be specified. Precautions for use of metal gaskets Material shall be 304 or better

More information

International Protection of ICT Intellectual Property and the Internationalization of ICT R&D

International Protection of ICT Intellectual Property and the Internationalization of ICT R&D International Protection of ICT Intellectual Property and the Internationalization of ICT R&D Giuditta De Prato, Daniel Nepelski 2 0 1 4 Report EUR 26650 EN European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute

More information

Alcatel 1915 LMM WDM ps/nm application 10 Gbit/s digital Laser Module with integrated electro-absorption Modulator

Alcatel 1915 LMM WDM ps/nm application 10 Gbit/s digital Laser Module with integrated electro-absorption Modulator Alcatel 1915 LMM WDM - 1600 ps/nm application 10 Gbit/s digital Laser Module with integrated electro-absorption Modulator Description The Alcatel 1915 LMM contains an Alcatel DFB laser with monolithically

More information

Classification within G01B into the main groups is to a large extent based on the underlying measurement principle:

Classification within G01B into the main groups is to a large extent based on the underlying measurement principle: CPC - G01B - 2017.08 G01B MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS {(measuring human body, see the relevant

More information

Comparative Analysis of the Industrial Patent Competition Situation Take Xiamen as an Example

Comparative Analysis of the Industrial Patent Competition Situation Take Xiamen as an Example European Business & Management 2017; 3(6): 134-142 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ebm doi: 10.11648/j.ebm.20170306.17 ISSN: 2575-579X (Print); ISSN: 2575-5811 (Online) Comparative Analysis of

More information

Marie Curie Actions FP7 and Horizon 2020

Marie Curie Actions FP7 and Horizon 2020 Marie Curie Actions FP7 and Horizon 2020 Przemyslaw JANKOWSKI European Commission Directorate-General for Marie Curie Actions Unit FP7 7th Framework Programme for Research Budget The 7th Framework Programme

More information

PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION SHEET ELECTRON TUBE, MAGNETRON TYPE 6410A

PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION SHEET ELECTRON TUBE, MAGNETRON TYPE 6410A INCH-POUND MIL-PRF-1/665G 22 July 2016 SUPERSEDING MIL-PRF-1/665F 12 June 2006 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION SHEET ELECTRON TUBE, MAGNETRON TYPE 6410A This specification is approved for use by all Departments

More information

Linking Technology Areas to Industrial Sectors

Linking Technology Areas to Industrial Sectors Linking Technology Areas to Industrial Sectors Ulrich Schmoch, Francoise Laville, Pari Patel Platzhalter für Dateinamen, Karlsruhe, Germany Observatoire des Sciences et des Techniques (OST), Paris, France

More information

Gender Pay Gap Report

Gender Pay Gap Report Gender Pay Gap Report 2017 At SNC-Lavalin, we re committed to creating a diverse and inclusive work environment where everyone can realise their full potential as valued members of our team. It s the right

More information

Northern Ireland Discount Code list 2017/18

Northern Ireland Discount Code list 2017/18 Northern Ireland Discount Code list 2017/18 Discount Code JC4 3D Design 7410 Accounting / Finance LCDA Acting Skills 2340 Additional Mathematics AB2 Administration Management GA13 Adult / Community Education

More information

This place covers: Devices that produce a sound by striking a resonating body, such as bells, chimes, gong.

This place covers: Devices that produce a sound by striking a resonating body, such as bells, chimes, gong. CPC - G10K - 2018.05 G10K SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES (sound-producing toys A63H 5/00); METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE

More information

Key Enabling Technologies

Key Enabling Technologies Ref. Ares()7 - // Exchange of good policy practices promoting the industrial uptake and deployment of Key Enabling Technologies Written by Enterprise and industry This report has been prepared in - for

More information

Measuring Romania s Creative Economy

Measuring Romania s Creative Economy 2011 2nd International Conference on Business, Economics and Tourism Management IPEDR vol.24 (2011) (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore Measuring Romania s Creative Economy Ana Bobircă 1, Alina Drăghici 2+

More information

Direct solenoid and solenoid pilot operated valves

Direct solenoid and solenoid pilot operated valves Direct solenoid and solenoid pilot operated valves Series 5 Individual mounting Series Inline Bonded spool Air return Manual operator Solenoid 4-way pilot with balanced poppet 33 34 36 3 37 38 5 67 69

More information

A Bibliometric Analysis of Australia s International Research Collaboration in Science and Technology: Analytical Methods and Initial Findings

A Bibliometric Analysis of Australia s International Research Collaboration in Science and Technology: Analytical Methods and Initial Findings Discussion Paper prepared as part of Work Package 2 Thematic Collaboration Roadmaps in the project entitled FEAST Enhancement, Extension and Demonstration (FEED). FEED is jointly funded by the Australian

More information

Outline of Japanese Patent Classification Systems

Outline of Japanese Patent Classification Systems Topic 6 Outline of Japanese Patent Classification Systems December 2013 JAPAN PATENT OFFICE 1 Content Why FI/F-term? Overview of patent classification systems What is FI? What is F-term? Revision of FI/F-term

More information

Who Invents IT? March 2007 Executive Summary. An Analysis of Women s Participation in Information Technology Patenting

Who Invents IT? March 2007 Executive Summary. An Analysis of Women s Participation in Information Technology Patenting March 2007 Executive Summary prepared by Catherine Ashcraft, Ph.D. National Center for Women Anthony Breitzman, Ph.D. 1790 Analytics, LLC For purposes of this study, an information technology (IT) patent

More information

specialization pattern of countries

specialization pattern of countries The technological profile and specialization pattern of countries Research and Innovation EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Research and Innovation Directorate C Research and Innovation Unit

More information

Technological specialization and patenting strategies in East Asia Insights

Technological specialization and patenting strategies in East Asia Insights Technological specialization and patenting strategies in East Asia Insights from the electronics industry Christian Sternitzke *,1,2 1 Technische Universität Ilmenau, PATON Patentzentrum Thüringen, PF

More information

Bloodhound Working Dog (16/pp) quiltartdesigns.blogspot.com

Bloodhound Working Dog (16/pp) quiltartdesigns.blogspot.com QUILT ART DESIGNS ALL QUILT ART PATTERNS ARE FOR PRIVATE USE ONLY. Bloodhound Working Dog (6/pp) Quilt Art Designs 06 quiltartdesigns.blogspot.com quiltartdesigns.blogspot.com QUILT ART DESIGNS Tips: Shorten

More information

Close the gender pay gap.

Close the gender pay gap. Close the gender pay gap Summary What is the gender pay gap? Why does the gender pay gap persist? What action has the EU taken? Why does it matter? The gender pay gap across the lifecycle What can be done?

More information

GENDER PAY GAP REPORT

GENDER PAY GAP REPORT GENDER PAY GAP REPORT 2017 01.04.18 Stanley Black & Decker UK Ltd Is required by law to publish an annual gender pay gap report. Within the Stanley Black & Decker UK Ltd remit, the following entities are

More information

Revisiting the USPTO Concordance Between the U.S. Patent Classification and the Standard Industrial Classification Systems

Revisiting the USPTO Concordance Between the U.S. Patent Classification and the Standard Industrial Classification Systems Revisiting the USPTO Concordance Between the U.S. Patent Classification and the Standard Industrial Classification Systems Jim Hirabayashi, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office The United States Patent and

More information

Chapter 5 STI productivity or STI output?

Chapter 5 STI productivity or STI output? Chapter 5 STI productivity or STI output? 1 - Introduction Patent statistics and publication statistics provide important indicators for measuring R&D output. Long time series are available and the data

More information

68HC11/Bidirectional-Compatible µp Reset Circuit MAX6314*

68HC11/Bidirectional-Compatible µp Reset Circuit MAX6314* 9-9; Rev ; /99 68HC/Bidirectional-Compatible General Description The low-power CMOS microprocessor (µp) supervisory circuit is designed to monitor power supplies in µp and digital systems. The s output

More information

PCT Yearly Review 2018 Executive Summary. The International Patent System

PCT Yearly Review 2018 Executive Summary. The International Patent System PCT Yearly Review 2018 Executive Summary The International Patent System This executive brief identifies key trends in the use of the WIPO-administered Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). For fuller statistics,

More information

COUNTRY SPECIALISATION REPORT

COUNTRY SPECIALISATION REPORT COUNTRY SPECIALISATION REPORT Country: Slovenia Date: June 2006 ERAWATCH Network asbl: Project team: NIFU STEP, University of Sussex (SPRU), Joanneum Research, Logotech, FhG-ISI The opinions expressed

More information

POWERING AMERICA S AND NEVADA S ADVANCED INDUSTRIES

POWERING AMERICA S AND NEVADA S ADVANCED INDUSTRIES POWERING AMERICA S AND NEVADA S ADVANCED INDUSTRIES Metropolitan Policy Program at BROOKINGS Las Vegas, October 2014 1 2 3 4 Context What, why Trends Strategy 2 2 3 4 1 Context 3 Real GDP 2005Q1-2014Q2

More information

Weekly Report. Technological and Regional Patterns in R&D Internationalization by German Companies

Weekly Report. Technological and Regional Patterns in R&D Internationalization by German Companies German Institute for Economic Research No. 15/2008 Volume 4 December 8, 2008 electronic edition available online only www.diw.de Weekly Report Technological and Regional Patterns in R&D Internationalization

More information

Patent Statistics as an Innovation Indicator Lecture 3.1

Patent Statistics as an Innovation Indicator Lecture 3.1 as an Innovation Indicator Lecture 3.1 Fabrizio Pompei Department of Economics University of Perugia Economics of Innovation (2016/2017) (II Semester, 2017) Pompei Patents Academic Year 2016/2017 1 / 27

More information

Evaluation of the gender pay gap in Lithuania

Evaluation of the gender pay gap in Lithuania Distr.: General 3 May 2016 English Economic Commission for Europe Conference of European Statisticians Work Session on Gender Statistics Vilnius, Lithuania 1-3 June 2016 Item 5 of the provisional agenda

More information

An Integrated Industrial Policy for the Globalisation Era

An Integrated Industrial Policy for the Globalisation Era Ref. Ares(2014)2686331-14/08/2014 An Integrated Industrial Policy for the Globalisation Era John Farnell Director, DG Enterprise and Industry HEADING FOR 2020 sustainable inclusive smart 7 flagship initiatives

More information

THE SUBJECT COMPOSITION OF THE WORLD'S SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS

THE SUBJECT COMPOSITION OF THE WORLD'S SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS Scientometrics, Vol. 2, No. 1 (198) 53-63 THE SUBJECT COMPOSITION OF THE WORLD'S SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS M. P. CARPENTER, F. NARIN Computer Horizons, Inc., 15 Kings Highway North, Cherry Hill, New Jersey 834

More information

Oceaneering International Services Limited

Oceaneering International Services Limited oceaneering.com Oceaneering International Services Limited 2017 Gender Pay Gap Report Connecting What s Needed with What s Next Table of Contents 1. Introduction...3 2. Gender Pay Calculations...4 3. Closing

More information

MAG GENDER PAY GAP REPORT 2018

MAG GENDER PAY GAP REPORT 2018 MAG Gender Pay Gap Report 2018 1 MAG GENDER PAY GAP REPORT 2018 Closing the gender pay gap together MAG Gender Pay Gap Report 2018 2 INTRODUCTION We believe in fair pay for our colleagues for the contribution

More information

Windings and Axes 1.0 Introduction In these notes, we will describe the different windings on a synchronous machine. We will confine our analysis to

Windings and Axes 1.0 Introduction In these notes, we will describe the different windings on a synchronous machine. We will confine our analysis to Windings and Axes 1.0 Introduction In these notes, we will describe the different windings on a synchronous machine. We will confine our analysis to two-pole machines of the salient pole rotor construction.

More information

High Technology Indicators Year Final results

High Technology Indicators Year Final results 26 July 2017 High Technology Indicators Year 2015. Final results Turnover of the manufacturing companies increased 7.9% in 2015 in the High and Medium-high Technology sector and 3.8% in the High Technology

More information

Liu Xiwen. National Science Library of CAS Mailing address: No. 33 Beisihuan Xilu, Zhongguancun, Beijing, , China

Liu Xiwen. National Science Library of CAS Mailing address: No. 33 Beisihuan Xilu, Zhongguancun, Beijing, , China Application of bibliometric (scientometric) analysis and technology foresight in strategic planning of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) and Chinese S&T Development Liu Xiwen National Science Library of

More information

NATIONAL SURVEY of Research and Development in Singapore

NATIONAL SURVEY of Research and Development in Singapore NATIONAL SURVEY of Research and Development in Singapore NATIONAL SURVEY OF R&D IN SINGAPORE Published by: Agency for Science, Technology and Research Singapore December EĂƟŽŶĂů ZΘ ^ƵƌǀĞLJ ŽĨ ^ŝŷőăɖžƌğ

More information

EUROPEAN PATENT OFFICE U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CPC NOTICE OF CHANGES 461 DATE: FEBRUARY 1, 2018 PROJECT MP0388 F21K 2/00 F21K 5/00

EUROPEAN PATENT OFFICE U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CPC NOTICE OF CHANGES 461 DATE: FEBRUARY 1, 2018 PROJECT MP0388 F21K 2/00 F21K 5/00 EUROPEAN PATENT OFFICE U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CPC NOTICE OF CHANGES 461 The following classification changes will be effected by this Notice of Changes: Action Subclass Group(s) SCHEME: Titles

More information

SUMMARY OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

SUMMARY OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT EN EN EN EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 30.6.2010 SEC(2010) 797 COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT SUMMARY OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Accompanying document to the Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION on the translation

More information

The Evolution of Regional Knowledge Spaces. Policy Insights for Smart Specialization Strategies

The Evolution of Regional Knowledge Spaces. Policy Insights for Smart Specialization Strategies The Evolution of Regional Knowledge Spaces Policy Insights for Smart Specialization Strategies DIETER F. KOGLER dieter.kogler@ucd.ie @dfkogler www.ucd.ie/sdl Spatial Dynamics Lab Technology Evolution in

More information

ALLIANCE HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT SERVICES LIMITED

ALLIANCE HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT SERVICES LIMITED ALLIANCE HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT SERVICES LIMITED Gender Pay Gap Report As at April 2017 Member of Walgreens Boots Alliance A message from Julian The Gender Pay Gap Report for Alliance Healthcare is an additional

More information

G7 SCIENCE MINISTERS COMMUNIQUÉ

G7 SCIENCE MINISTERS COMMUNIQUÉ G7 SCIENCE MINISTERS COMMUNIQUÉ Turin, 27 28 September 28 th September 2017 Introduction We, the Science Ministers of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States of America,

More information

Foreword Baljinder Kang

Foreword Baljinder Kang Gender Pay Gap 2017 Foreword At Midland Heart, we have a diverse workforce, which reflects our customers and the communities we serve. Being inclusive has always been at the very core of our organisation,

More information

Boots Hearingcare Limited Gender Pay Gap Report as at April 2017

Boots Hearingcare Limited Gender Pay Gap Report as at April 2017 Boots Hearingcare Limited Gender Pay Gap Report as at April 2017 A message from Rob I m pleased to share our gender pay gap report, which we ll continue to share every year as part of the UK government

More information

Gender Pay Report 2017

Gender Pay Report 2017 Gender Pay Report 2017 Introduction The gender pay gap measures the difference between men and women s average earnings and is expressed as a percentage of men s pay. According to the Office of National

More information

Engr. VIRGINIA F. AUMENTADO Patent Information Analytics and Technology Monitoring Division (PATMD)

Engr. VIRGINIA F. AUMENTADO Patent Information Analytics and Technology Monitoring Division (PATMD) 13% 13% 74% Engr. VIRGINIA F. AUMENTADO Patent Information Analytics and Technology Monitoring Division (PATMD) Introduction on IPOPhl s Patent System Innovation Support Strategies TOPICS Patent Mapping/Analytics

More information

PRELIMINARY DRAFT PAPER

PRELIMINARY DRAFT PAPER PRELIMINARY DRAFT PAPER Linking Human Resources in Science and Technology and Scientific Performance: The Use of Existing Data to Develop New Indicators to Analyze the Scientific Base of High and Medium

More information

General regulation functions ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD) ultra high-speed switching High-frequency applications

General regulation functions ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD) ultra high-speed switching High-frequency applications Rev. 4 23 March 2018 Product data sheet 1 Product profile 1.1 General description General-purpose Zener diodes in an SOD882 (DFN1006-2) leadless ultra small Surface- Mounted Device (SMD) plastic package.

More information

Consultation on the ERA Framework Areas of untapped potential for the development of the European Research Area (ERA)

Consultation on the ERA Framework Areas of untapped potential for the development of the European Research Area (ERA) Consultation on the ERA Framework Areas of untapped potential for the development of the European Research Area (ERA) 1 The Helsinki Group as the Advisory Committee to the European Commission on Gender

More information

Red: PAINTED ITEMS Blue: KITS IPDA2

Red: PAINTED ITEMS Blue: KITS IPDA2 Number QTY. DESCRIPTION 73-785 8 SCREW, MX0.7,MM, CPS, CS, BO 73-873 BRKT,DUAL PULLEY Number QTY. DESCRIPTION 7-0 6 PLASTIC,COVER,ACCESSORY RACK 0-93 BOLT M X.75, 30MM HHC HE CS ZP 03-5 3/8" Jam Nut 0-50

More information

COUNTRY SPECIALISATION REPORT

COUNTRY SPECIALISATION REPORT COUNTRY SPECIALISATION REPORT Country: Estonia Date: June 2006 ERAWATCH Network asbl: Project team: NIFU STEP, University of Sussex (SPRU), Joanneum Research, Logotech, FhG-ISI The opinions expressed in

More information

Gender Pay Gap Report

Gender Pay Gap Report Gender Pay Gap Report 2017 Page 2 Southern Water Gender Pay Gap Report Contents 3 What is a gender pay gap? 4 Southern Water s salary pay gap 5 Southern Water s bonus pay gap 6 How is pay distributed?

More information

E-Training on GDP Rebasing

E-Training on GDP Rebasing 1 E-Training on GDP Rebasing October, 2018 Session 6: Linking old national accounts series with new base year Economic Statistics and National Accounts Section ACS, ECA Content of the presentation Introduction

More information

Shades of blinds for greenhouses A01G 9/22 Shop furniture Picture frames

Shades of blinds for greenhouses A01G 9/22 Shop furniture Picture frames CPC - E06B - 2018.01 E06B FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES (shades or blinds for greenhouses A01G

More information

TSZ R7R0G

TSZ R7R0G BD48K60G Voltage Detector IC Series Standard CMOS Voltage Detector IC BD48xxx series BD49xxx series General Description ROHM s BD48xxx and BD49xxx series are highly accurate, low current consumption reset

More information

Ceramic Chip Capacitors / Array SAMPLE KIT. Product-ID: CC-E12

Ceramic Chip Capacitors / Array SAMPLE KIT. Product-ID: CC-E12 Ceramic Chip acitors / Array SAMPLE KIT Product-ID: CC-E12 CERAMIC CHIP CAPACITORS INTRODUCTION Ceramic chips consist of formulated ceramic dielectric materials which have been fabricated into thin layers,

More information

DATA SHEET. BZX884 series Voltage regulator diodes DISCRETE SEMICONDUCTORS. Product data sheet Supersedes data of 2003 May Mar 26 BOTTOM VIEW

DATA SHEET. BZX884 series Voltage regulator diodes DISCRETE SEMICONDUCTORS. Product data sheet Supersedes data of 2003 May Mar 26 BOTTOM VIEW DISCRETE SEMICONDUCTORS DATA SHEET BOTTOM VIEW M3D891 Supersedes data of 2003 May 15 2004 Mar 26 FEATURES Two tolerance series: ±2% and ±5% Working voltage range: nominal 2.4 V to 75 V (E24 range) Leadless

More information

Turkey Women Matter 2016 Turkey's Potential: Place of Women in the Business World

Turkey Women Matter 2016 Turkey's Potential: Place of Women in the Business World McKinsey&Company Turkey Women Matter 2016 Turkey's Potential: Place of Women in the Business World Istanbul December 22, 2016 As McKinsey & Company we have been researching Women Matter in different geographies

More information

Position Paper of Iberian universities. The mid-term review of Horizon 2020 and the design of FP9

Position Paper of Iberian universities. The mid-term review of Horizon 2020 and the design of FP9 Position Paper of Iberian universities The mid-term review of Horizon 2020 and the design of FP9 Introduction Horizon 2020 (H2020), the Framework Programme for research and innovation of the European Union,

More information

Technological Relatedness based on Co-classification Network Analysis: A Case Study on Electricity Sector

Technological Relatedness based on Co-classification Network Analysis: A Case Study on Electricity Sector Technological Relatedness based on Co-classification Network Analysis: A Case Study on Electricity Sector WEN Fang-Fang School of Management Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang, 471023 China

More information

Marie Curie Actions - 15 years of boosting research careers in Europe

Marie Curie Actions - 15 years of boosting research careers in Europe EUROPEAN COMMISSION - PRESS RELEASE Marie Curie Actions - 15 years of boosting research careers in Europe Warsaw, 25-27 September 2011 The Marie Curie Actions programme, which helps to fund the best researchers

More information

COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. Brussels, 9 December 2008 (16.12) (OR. fr) 16767/08 RECH 410 COMPET 550

COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. Brussels, 9 December 2008 (16.12) (OR. fr) 16767/08 RECH 410 COMPET 550 COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Brussels, 9 December 2008 (16.12) (OR. fr) 16767/08 RECH 410 COMPET 550 OUTCOME OF PROCEEDINGS of: Competitiveness Council on 1 and 2 December 2008 No. prev. doc. 16012/08

More information

EUROPEAN PATENT OFFICE U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CPC NOTICE OF CHANGES 466 DATE: JANUARY 1, 2018 PROJECT MP0394

EUROPEAN PATENT OFFICE U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CPC NOTICE OF CHANGES 466 DATE: JANUARY 1, 2018 PROJECT MP0394 EUROPEAN PATENT OFFICE U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CPC NOTICE OF CHANGES 466 The following classification changes will be effected by this Notice of Changes: Action Subclass Group(s) SCHEME: s Changed:

More information

1905 LMI. Transmission Laser Modules. KeyFeatures Up to 20mW output power. Applications. For moreinfo

1905 LMI. Transmission Laser Modules. KeyFeatures Up to 20mW output power. Applications. For moreinfo Transmission Laser Modules KeyFeatures Up to 20mW output power Wavelength selection according to ITU-T G.692 from 1570.00 nm to 1610.05 nm 50 GHz channel spacing available Optimized for use with LiNbO3

More information

An exploratory study on convergence in ICT using patent analysis

An exploratory study on convergence in ICT using patent analysis An exploratory study on convergence in ICT using patent analysis Eunhee Kim Chonnam National University, Korea eheekim@chonnam.ac.kr1 Jaejon Kim Chonnam National University, Korea jaejonkim@hotmail.com

More information

Key Figures Towards a European Research Area. Science, Technology and Innovation. Research ISBN LEGAL NOTICE.

Key Figures Towards a European Research Area. Science, Technology and Innovation. Research ISBN LEGAL NOTICE. 15 KI-NA-20-458-EN-C Key Figures 2002 LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which may be made of the following information.

More information

M c L A R E N Gender Pay Gap Report 2017

M c L A R E N Gender Pay Gap Report 2017 M c L A R E N Gender Pay Gap Report 2017 2 McLAREN 2017 GENDER PAY GAP REPORT 18 % UK GENDER PAY GAP AVERAGE In accordance with UK regulations, all companies with 250 or more employees at 5 April 2017

More information

COUNTRY SPECIALISATION REPORT

COUNTRY SPECIALISATION REPORT COUNTRY SPECIALISATION REPORT Country: Germany Date: June 2006 ERAWATCH Network asbl: Project team: NIFU STEP, University of Sussex (SPRU), Joanneum Research, Logotech, FhG-ISI The opinions expressed in

More information

Scientific information in the digital age: European Commission initiatives

Scientific information in the digital age: European Commission initiatives Scientific information in the digital age: European Commission initiatives Celina Ramjoué, Ph.D. European Commission, Research Directorate-General Science, Economy and Society Directorate Governance and

More information

LD ma very low quiescent current linear regulator IC. applications. Description. Features SOT23-5L. DFN4 1x1

LD ma very low quiescent current linear regulator IC. applications. Description. Features SOT23-5L. DFN4 1x1 200 ma very low quiescent current linear regulator IC Datasheet - production data DFN4 1x1 SOT23-5L Applications Mobile phones Personal digital assistants (PDAs) Digital still cameras (DSC) Cordless phones

More information

Committee on Development and Intellectual Property (CDIP)

Committee on Development and Intellectual Property (CDIP) E CDIP/13/INF/9 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH DATE: APRIL 23, 2014 Committee on Development and Intellectual Property (CDIP) Thirteenth Session Geneva, May 19 to 23, 2014 INTERNATIONAL PATENTING STRATEGIES OF CHINESE

More information

Role of public research institutes in Japan s National Innovation System: The case of AIST, RIKEN, JAXA

Role of public research institutes in Japan s National Innovation System: The case of AIST, RIKEN, JAXA Role of public research institutes in Japan s National Innovation System: The case of AIST, RIKEN, JAXA Jun Suzuki (GRIPS) Naotoshi Tsukada (GRIPS) Akira Goto (GRIPS) RIETI Workshop January 20, 2014 1

More information

Increased Visibility in the Social Sciences and the Humanities (SSH)

Increased Visibility in the Social Sciences and the Humanities (SSH) Increased Visibility in the Social Sciences and the Humanities (SSH) Results of a survey at the University of Vienna Executive Summary 2017 English version Increased Visibility in the Social Sciences and

More information

Gender Pay Gap Report - Overview

Gender Pay Gap Report - Overview GENDER PAY GAP REPORT 2018 1 Gender Pay Gap Report - Overview As an employer with more than 250 staff, Care Visions Group Limited is required to undertake Gender Pay Gap Reporting as required by the Equality

More information

Report CREATE THE FUTURE YEAR OLDS

Report CREATE THE FUTURE YEAR OLDS CREATE THE FUTURE 16-17 YEAR OLDS #QEPrize2016 Contents Introduction 4 Key insights 6 Interest in STEM and engineering as a career path 8 Recognising and understanding engineering 12 Solving the world

More information

Presentation of the SME Performance Review 2015/2016

Presentation of the SME Performance Review 2015/2016 Presentation of the SME Performance Review 2015/2016 European Economic and Social Committee Group III SMEs, Crafts and the Professions Category 2 December 2016 Brussels Ludger Odenthal H.1 - COSME Programme,

More information

C. PCT 1486 November 30, 2016

C. PCT 1486 November 30, 2016 November 30, 2016 Madam, Sir, Number of Words in Abstracts and Front Page Drawings 1. This Circular is addressed to your Office in its capacity as a receiving Office, International Searching Authority

More information

MOBY-D Family Matrix

MOBY-D Family Matrix MOBY-D Family Matrix MOBY-D 13.56 MHz Passive Tags D100 6GT2600-0AD10 112 Bytes Min order of 50 D124 6GT2600-0AC00 112 Bytes D139 6GT2600-0AA00 44 Bytes D160 6GT2600-0AB00 44 Bytes D165 6GT2600-1AB00-0AX0

More information

WOMEN IN PHYSICS IN THE BALTIC STATES REGION: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

WOMEN IN PHYSICS IN THE BALTIC STATES REGION: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS WOMEN IN PHYSICS IN THE BALTIC STATES REGION: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS Prof. Dalia Satkovskiene University of Vilnius Lithuania APS March Meeting 2008.03.13 1 Contents INTRODUCTION The PROBLEM SOLUTION:

More information

GENDER PAY GAP REPORTING 2017

GENDER PAY GAP REPORTING 2017 GENDER PAY GAP REPORTING 2017 Subsea 7 gender pay gap reporting 2017 1 At Subsea 7 people are the foundation of our business and mutual trust, respect and fairness is key. We are committed to creating

More information

REPORT ON THE EUROSTAT 2017 USER SATISFACTION SURVEY

REPORT ON THE EUROSTAT 2017 USER SATISFACTION SURVEY EUROPEAN COMMISSION EUROSTAT Directorate A: Cooperation in the European Statistical System; international cooperation; resources Unit A2: Strategy and Planning REPORT ON THE EUROSTAT 2017 USER SATISFACTION

More information